---
title: What factors cause PMS in women of reproductive age? | Niyora
description: Age was the main factor, explaining 90.3% of PMS cases. Other factors linked to PMS were higher parity, older age, poor nutrition, and less exercise.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/analisis-determinan-premenstrual-syndrome-pms-terhadap-wanita-usia-produktif-di-2019/
---

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- What factors cause PMS in women of reproductive age?

Cohort study, 2019

# What factors cause PMS in women of reproductive age?

Age was the main factor, explaining 90.3% of PMS cases. Other factors linked to PMS were higher parity, older age, poor nutrition, and less exercise.

 Early or limited evidence

45 women of reproductive age in Indonesia

## What they did

Questionnaire survey of 45 women at a hospital in Indonesia. Researchers looked for factors linked to PMS.

## What they found

77.8% of women had PMS. Age was the dominant factor (90.3% of PMS cases were due to reproductive age). Parity, age, nutritional status, and exercise were all linked to PMS. Between 70% and 90% of women in Indonesia have some PMS, and 2% to 10% have severe symptoms.

## What it means for you

Women of reproductive age need counselling and advice about eating carbohydrates and reducing salt. The study was small and only looked at one hospital, so findings may not apply to other places.

77.8%

had PMS

90.3%

of PMS explained by age

70-90%

of Indonesian women with some PMS

## About the study

Original title ANALISIS DETERMINAN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) TERHADAP WANITA USIA PRODUKTIF DI POLI OBSTETRI DAN GYNEKOLOGY RUMAH SAKIT MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG TAHUN 2015 Authors Nistiani Nistiani Journal J Jurnal Kebidanan Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Budi Mulia Year 2019 Study design Cohort study What was tested None; observational study Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.35325/kebidanan.v8i1.125](https://doi.org/10.35325/kebidanan.v8i1.125)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Bloating, breast tenderness and physical symptoms](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-physical-symptoms/)[Psychotherapy, counselling and education](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-psychotherapy/)[Diet and nutrition](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-diet/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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