--- title: Do women who experienced childhood maltreatment have more PMS? description: Yes. Women with childhood maltreatment had 47% higher risk of PMS, with physical and emotional abuse showing the strongest associations. url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/association-between-childhood-maltreatment-history-and-premenstrual-syndrome-2021/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Do women who experienced childhood maltreatment have more PMS? Survey study, 2021 # Do women who experienced childhood maltreatment have more PMS? Yes. Women with childhood maltreatment had 47% higher risk of PMS, with physical and emotional abuse showing the strongest associations. Moderate study design 3815 women aged 10-60 in Japan ## What they did Researchers surveyed 3815 women aged 10-60 in Japan who visited gynecology or general practice clinics. They asked about childhood maltreatment history and current PMS symptoms. ## What they found Women with childhood maltreatment had significantly increased risk of PMS with an odds ratio of 1.47. Physical and emotional abuse showed stronger associations with PMS. Emotional neglect, witnessing intimate-partner violence, and sexual abuse were not associated with PMS. ## What it means for you Physical and emotional abuse in childhood may increase PMS risk. This study only included women in Japan, so results may not apply to other populations. The study cannot prove that abuse causes PMS. 1.47 odds ratio for PMS with maltreatment 1.20-1.81 95% confidence interval 3815 women surveyed ## About the study Original title Association between Childhood Maltreatment History and Premenstrual Syndrome Authors Ito K, Doi S, Isumi A et al. Journal International journal of environmental research and public health Year 2021 Study design Survey study Participants 3,815 What was tested None - observational survey Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020781](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020781) Original abstract Childhood maltreatment history has known relationships with various mental and physical diseases; however, little is known about its association with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In this study, we investigated the association between childhood maltreatment history and PMS among young women in Japan. In a Japanese city, we approached 3815 women aged 10-60 years who visited a gynecology clinic and one general practice clinic. A questionnaire on childhood maltreatment history and PMS was administered to them. We observed that women with histories of childhood maltreatment demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PMS compared with those without such histories (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.81). Particularly, women with childhood physical or emotional abuse demonstrated a stronger association with PMS, whereas other forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional neglect, witnessing of intimate-partner violence, or sexual abuse) were not associated with PMS. Our results illustrate that childhood maltreatment may be a risk factor for PMS. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[PTSD and trauma](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-ptsd-trauma/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)[Legal and forensic](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-legal-crime/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2025 What psychological and personal factors predict which university students will develop premenstrual syndrome? Survey study, 2025 Is PMS worse in girls living through violence and insecurity? Survey study, 2022 Is premenstrual syndrome related to aggression in adolescent girls? Survey study, 2026 Do girls who experienced childhood abuse or neglect have higher PMDD symptoms? Survey study, 2026 Do difficult childhood experiences lead to worse PMS symptoms as an adult? Survey study, 2026 Does self-injury or difficult childhood experiences increase PMDD risk in adolescents? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗