--- title: Do women who notice negative life events more tend to have worse PMS symptoms? description: Women whose PMS symptoms worsened the most through their cycle were more likely to focus on negative life events and overlook positive ones, suggesting a thin url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/association-of-a-trait-like-bias-towards-the-perception-of-negative-subjective-2010/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Do women who notice negative life events more tend to have worse PMS symptoms? Survey study, 2010 # Do women who notice negative life events more tend to have worse PMS symptoms? Women whose PMS symptoms worsened the most through their cycle were more likely to focus on negative life events and overlook positive ones, suggesting a thinking pattern linked to PMS. Early or limited evidence 88 healthy women tracked over three menstrual cycles ## What they did Cross-sectional study of 88 healthy women tracked over three consecutive menstrual cycles. Researchers measured changes in PMS symptoms and asked women to record life events during the follicular phase of the first cycle. ## What they found Bigger increases in PMS symptoms from the follicular to late-luteal phase were associated with noticing more negative subjective life events and fewer positive subjective life events. This pattern did not appear for objective life events. ## What it means for you How women interpret and remember life events might be part of PMS, not just physical or mood symptoms. The study was small (88 women) and relied on self-reported perceptions rather than objective measures. 88 healthy women 3 consecutive cycles tracked ## About the study Original title Association of a trait-like bias towards the perception of negative subjective life events with risk of developing premenstrual symptoms Authors Gonda X, Fountoulakis KN, Csukly G et al. Journal Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry Year 2010 Study design Survey study Participants 88 What was tested Symptom tracking and life event recording Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.004) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Case-control study, 2026 Do women with PMS handle emotions differently at different times of the cycle? Systematic review, 2025 Does teaching adolescent girls about their menstrual cycle and health help reduce period pain and PMS? Cohort study, 2023 Is PMDD a valid medical diagnosis? Systematic review, 2012 Does the menstrual cycle cause negative mood, especially before your period? Survey study, 2011 What premenstrual symptoms do women experience around the world and how much do they affect daily life? Randomised trial, 2006 What herbs and dietary supplements have evidence for treating premenstrual syndrome? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗