---
title: Does air pollution increase the risk of premenstrual syndrome?
description: Yes. Women exposed to higher levels of air pollution had significantly increased risk of PMS. Exposure to the highest levels of certain pollutants increased P
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/association-of-fine-particulate-and-acidic-gas-air-pollution-with-premenstrual-2020/
---

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- Does air pollution increase the risk of premenstrual syndrome?

Cohort study, 2020

# Does air pollution increase the risk of premenstrual syndrome?

Yes. Women exposed to higher levels of air pollution had significantly increased risk of PMS. Exposure to the highest levels of certain pollutants increased PMS risk by 3 to 7.77 times.

 Moderate study design

85,078 women in Taiwan with no prior diagnosis of PMS

## What they did

Large cohort study in Taiwan that combined air quality monitoring data with health insurance records. Followed 85,078 women without a PMS diagnosis and measured their exposure to different types of air pollution based on where they lived.

## What they found

Women exposed to highest levels of SO2 had 7.77 times higher PMS risk compared to lowest exposure. Highest NOx exposure: 2.86 times higher risk. Highest NO exposure: 3.17 times higher risk. Highest PM2.5 exposure: 3.41 times higher risk.

## What it means for you

Women in high-pollution areas have higher PMS rates, suggesting environmental factors matter. The strongest link was SO2. However, this observational Taiwan study cannot prove pollution causes PMS. Results may not apply elsewhere. It is unclear if high-pollution groups differ in other ways affecting PMS risk.

7.77

times higher PMS risk with highest SO2 exposure

3.41

times higher PMS risk with highest PM2.5 exposure

85,078

women studied

## About the study

Original title Association of fine-particulate and acidic-gas air pollution with premenstrual syndrome risk Authors Lin SY, Yang YC, Chang CY et al. Journal QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians Year 2020 Study design Cohort study Participants 85,078 What was tested None. Observational study examining exposure based on where women lived. Read the paper [doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa096](https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa096)

## Topics

[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)

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