---
title: What causes PMS and PMDD? | Niyora
description: PMS and PMDD are caused by a complex mix of biological, psychological, and social factors, but this review does not report new research findings.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/biopsychosocial-aspects-of-premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-2013/
---

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- What causes PMS and PMDD?

Survey study, 2013

# What causes PMS and PMDD?

PMS and PMDD are caused by a complex mix of biological, psychological, and social factors, but this review does not report new research findings.

 Moderate study design

Review article, not a study of specific people

## What they did

This is a review that examined published research on PMS and PMDD to discuss how common they are, their symptoms, what causes them, and how biology, psychology, and society all contribute.

## What they found

A majority of women in their reproductive years experience a variety of symptoms premenstrually. The review discusses diagnosis, prevalence, symptoms, and causes, and notes that PMS and PMDD involve biology, psychology, and social factors together.

## What it means for you

PMS and PMDD are complex conditions involving the body, mind, and social environment. This review summarizes what is already known but does not provide new research findings.

## About the study

Original title Biopsychosocial aspects of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder Authors Matsumoto T, Asakura H, Hayashi T Journal Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology Year 2013 Study design Survey study What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2012.705383](https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2012.705383)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

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Systematic review, 2026

Does vitamin D supplementation help PMS symptoms?

Study, 2026

How do women with PMDD process emotions differently in their brains?

Systematic review, 2026

Why do some women experience mood changes linked to their menstrual cycle?

Systematic review, 2026

How much of PMDD treatment improvement comes from placebo effect?

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