---
title: Are women with premenstrual dysphoric changes at higher risk for depression?
description: Yes. Women who report premenstrual dysphoric changes are more likely to have had previous episodes of major depression and are at higher risk for future episo
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/clinical-significance-of-premenstrual-dysphoric-changes-1988/
---

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- Are women with premenstrual dysphoric changes at higher risk for depression?

Study, 1988

# Are women with premenstrual dysphoric changes at higher risk for depression?

Yes. Women who report premenstrual dysphoric changes are more likely to have had previous episodes of major depression and are at higher risk for future episodes. They also face increased risk of suicidal, aggressive, or impulsive behavior during the premenstrual period.

 Early or limited evidence

Women with premenstrual dysphoric changes

## What they did

This was a discussion of the relationship between premenstrual dysphoric changes and psychiatric outcomes based on clinical observations.

## What they found

Women with premenstrual dysphoric changes are more likely to have experienced prior major depressive episodes and have increased risk of future episodes. Currently depressed women tend to have worsening of symptoms during the premenstrual period. During the premenstrual period, there is increased likelihood of suicidal behavior, aggressive behavior, impulsive behavior, and admission to psychiatric facilities.

## What it means for you

Women with severe premenstrual symptoms should be evaluated for depression. The menstrual cycle should be considered when evaluating and treating mental health conditions. This is a discussion article rather than a formal research study.

## About the study

Original title Clinical significance of premenstrual dysphoric changes Authors Endicott J, Halbreich U Journal The Journal of clinical psychiatry Year 1988 Study design Study Read the paper [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3198580/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3198580/)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Premenstrual exacerbation (PME)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pme/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Irritability and anger](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-irritability-anger/)[Suicidality](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-suicidality/)[Major depressive disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-major-depression/)

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