---
title: Does experiencing violence as a child increase the risk of PMS or PMDD as an adult?
description: Yes. Women who experienced physical or sexual violence in childhood have nearly twice the risk of developing menstrual mood disorders in adulthood compared wi
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/effect-of-physical-and-sexual-violence-during-childhood-and-or-adolescence-on-2021/
---

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- Does experiencing violence as a child increase the risk of PMS or PMDD as an adult?

Systematic review, 2021

# Does experiencing violence as a child increase the risk of PMS or PMDD as an adult?

Yes. Women who experienced physical or sexual violence in childhood have nearly twice the risk of developing menstrual mood disorders in adulthood compared with women who did not experience this violence.

 Moderate study design

Women assessed for trauma history and menstrual-related mood disorders

## What they did

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining whether childhood or adolescent violence increases the risk of menstrual-related mood disorders in adulthood.

## What they found

Five studies from 2003 to 2014 showed that women exposed to physical and/or sexual violence in childhood and/or adolescence had 1.99 times the risk of experiencing menstrual mood disorders in adulthood compared with women who did not experience that violence (95 percent confidence interval 1.58 to 2.51).

## What it means for you

Trauma history may be a risk factor for PMS and PMDD. This finding is based on just 5 studies, so more research is needed to understand this link.

1.99

times higher risk of menstrual mood disorders with childhood violence

5

studies included in meta-analysis

1.58-2.51

95% confidence interval

## About the study

Original title Effect of physical and sexual violence during childhood and/or adolescence on the development of menstrual related mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis Authors Dannia Islas-Preciado, Karla Flores Celis, Jorge Julio Gonzalez-Olvera et al. Journal Salud Mental Year 2021 Study design Systematic review What was tested None (observational study) Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.019](https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.019)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)[Legal and forensic](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-legal-crime/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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