--- title: Are certain personality traits linked to genetic differences in estrogen receptor genes in women with PMDD? description: Yes. Women with PMDD have different personality traits from women without PMDD, and some of these traits are linked to specific genetic changes in the estroge url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/estrogen-receptor-alpha-esr-1-associations-with-psychological-traits-in-women-2010/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Are certain personality traits linked to genetic differences in estrogen receptor genes in women with PMDD? Survey study, 2010 # Are certain personality traits linked to genetic differences in estrogen receptor genes in women with PMDD? Yes. Women with PMDD have different personality traits from women without PMDD, and some of these traits are linked to specific genetic changes in the estrogen receptor alpha gene. This suggests genes affecting the estrogen system influence mood and personality in PMDD. Early or limited evidence 68 women with PMDD and 56 control women ## What they did Cross-sectional study comparing 68 women with PMDD and 56 women without PMDD. Researchers measured 25 personality traits and tested for genetic variations (SNPs) in the estrogen receptor alpha gene in all participants. ## What they found Seven out of 25 personality traits were significantly different between women with PMDD and controls. Eleven out of 12 significant associations between these 7 traits and 16 ESR-1 SNPs involved genetic variants in intron 4, which was previously linked to PMDD. Most genetic effects went in the same direction in both PMDD patients and controls, though some interactions between genotype and diagnosis were observed. ## What it means for you Some personality differences in PMDD appear driven by genetic variation in how the estrogen system works. This supports the idea that PMDD mood symptoms have a biological basis in genes, not just psychology. The study is limited by small sample size (68 women with PMDD), cross-sectional design, and it is molecular data that does not directly show how to treat PMDD. 68 women with PMDD 7 out of 25 personality traits significantly different 11 out of 12 significant trait-gene associations ## About the study Original title Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) associations with psychological traits in women with PMDD and controls Authors Miller A, Vo H, Huo L et al. Journal Journal of psychiatric research Year 2010 Study design Survey study Participants 68 What was tested Genetic testing Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.013](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.013) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Cohort study, 2026 What genetic factors are linked to premenstrual symptoms? Review, 2026 How well do SSRIs treat PMS? Systematic review, 2026 How often do mood disorders and PMS or PMDD occur together? Systematic review, 2026 Are hormone levels different in women with PMS? Systematic review, 2026 Does vitamin D supplementation help PMS symptoms? Study, 2026 How do women with PMDD process emotions differently in their brains? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗