---
title: What biological and cultural factors influence PMS and PMDD across different countries?
description: PMS and PMDD result from a combination of hormone changes, serotonin sensitivity, stress, poor diet, lack of physical activity, sleep problems, and cultural s
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/factors-influencing-premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-in-2025/
---

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- What biological and cultural factors influence PMS and PMDD across different countries?

Survey study, 2025

# What biological and cultural factors influence PMS and PMDD across different countries?

PMS and PMDD result from a combination of hormone changes, serotonin sensitivity, stress, poor diet, lack of physical activity, sleep problems, and cultural stigma around menstruation. Countries with stronger public health systems had better diagnosis and support.

 Early or limited evidence

Review of studies from multiple countries (Ethiopia, India, Malaysia, Jordan, United States) published 2009 to 2025

## What they did

Researchers reviewed scientific literature published between 2009 and 2025 about PMS and PMDD. They examined studies from different countries including Ethiopia, India, Malaysia, Jordan, and the United States to look at prevalence, risk factors, and management approaches.

## What they found

Global PMS prevalence ranges from 30% to 90%, and PMDD affects a smaller but clinically significant proportion of women. Hormone changes (particularly in estrogen and progesterone), serotonin sensitivity, high stress, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and sleep disturbances all contributed to symptoms. Sociocultural influences including menstrual stigma, limited mental health literacy, and limited healthcare access significantly shaped symptom reporting and treatment-seeking.

## What it means for you

PMS and PMDD are caused by multiple factors: hormones, stress, diet, exercise, sleep, and cultural attitudes. Better public health systems mean better diagnosis and support. The main limitation is the narrative review approach, which may not include all relevant studies.

30-90%

global PMS prevalence range

2009-2025

years reviewed

## About the study

Original title Factors influencing premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in different countries Authors Authors Muhammad Daniel Bin Mohd Hisham Journal Special journal of the Medical Academy and other Life Sciences Year 2025 Study design Survey study What was tested None; literature review Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.58676/sjmas.v3i7.142](https://doi.org/10.58676/sjmas.v3i7.142)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

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Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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