---
title: Are depression and anxiety linked to estrogen and progesterone levels in women with PMDD?
description: No. This study found no significant correlations between depression or anxiety ratings and either hormone.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/no-correlation-of-depression-and-anxiety-to-plasma-estrogen-and-progesterone-2004/
---

- [Niyora](https://niyora.com/)
- [Research](https://niyora.com/research/)
- [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/)
- Are depression and anxiety linked to estrogen and progesterone levels in women with PMDD?

Non-randomised trial, 2004

# Are depression and anxiety linked to estrogen and progesterone levels in women with PMDD?

No. This study found no significant correlations between depression or anxiety ratings and either hormone.

 Early or limited evidence

43 Taiwanese women with PMDD

## What they did

Researchers enrolled 43 Taiwanese women with PMDD and measured their blood estrogen and progesterone levels during one menstrual cycle. Depression and anxiety were assessed during the premenstrual phase (2-6 days before menses) and postmenstrual phase (days 7-11) using standard rating scales.

## What they found

There were no statistically significant correlations between depression or anxiety ratings and estrogen or progesterone concentrations.

## What it means for you

This suggests that mood symptoms in PMDD may not be simply caused by hormone level changes, though this was a small study in one country that tracked only one cycle.

43

women with PMDD

1

menstrual cycle tracked

## About the study

Original title No correlation of depression and anxiety to plasma estrogen and progesterone levels in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder Authors Hsiao CC, Liu CY, Hsiao MC Journal Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences Year 2004 Study design Non-randomised trial Participants 43 What was tested Measured plasma estrogen and progesterone levels Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01308.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01308.x)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

Survey study, 2023

How common are PMS and PMDD among college girls, and what are their symptoms?

Survey study, 2020

What symptoms best predict whether PMDD will seriously affect daily life?

Review, 2015

What do we know about PMS and PMDD and how are they treated?

Review, 2013

What treatments work best for PMDD?

Review, 2003

How do menstrual cycle hormones affect the brain and cause mood disorders like PMDD?

Randomised trial, 2003

Are SSRI antidepressants effective for PMDD?

Ask AI about this page

Copy prompt

ChatGPT

↗

Claude

↗

Perplexity

↗

Google AI Mode

↗

Grok

↗