--- title: Do menstrual characteristics and PMS differ in women with Parkinson's disease? description: Overall, women with Parkinson's disease had similar menstrual characteristics and PMS rates as healthy women. However, women whose disease started before meno url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/parkinson-s-disease-and-reproductive-life-events-2002/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Do menstrual characteristics and PMS differ in women with Parkinson's disease? Case-control study, 2002 # Do menstrual characteristics and PMS differ in women with Parkinson's disease? Overall, women with Parkinson's disease had similar menstrual characteristics and PMS rates as healthy women. However, women whose disease started before menopause had notably more severe PMS and dysmenorrhea than those with later disease onset. Moderate study design 150 women with Parkinson's disease and 200 age-matched healthy women ## What they did Case-control study comparing reproductive life events and disease characteristics in 150 women with Parkinson's disease and 200 age-matched healthy women through interviews. ## What they found Women with Parkinson's disease had later menarche than controls, but still normal. Menopause timing, type, and onset were similar to controls, with less hormone replacement therapy use. Women with PD had fewer children. Dysmenorrhea and PMS were similar overall between groups. However, women with PD onset before menopause had more dysmenorrhea and PMS than those with later onset. Those with pre-menopause disease onset also had longer disease duration, more fluctuating symptoms, and longer treatment with levodopa and dopamine agonists. Breastfeeding and gynecological diseases were comparable. ## What it means for you Estrogen may influence how Parkinson's disease develops and progresses in women, as suggested by worse PMS in women whose disease started before menopause. This study shows associations but does not prove cause. The findings are specific to Parkinson's disease rather than general PMS research. 150 women with Parkinson's disease 200 healthy control women ## About the study Original title Parkinson's disease and reproductive life events Authors Martignoni E, Nappi RE, Citterio A et al. Journal Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Year 2002 Study design Case-control study Participants 150 What was tested None - observational study Read the paper [doi.org/10.1007/s100720200082](https://doi.org/10.1007/s100720200082) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Perimenopause and menopause](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-perimenopause/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Systematic review, 2025 Does alcohol use affect menstrual health in teenage girls? Systematic review, 2010 Does acupuncture treat premenstrual syndrome? Survey study, 2026 Are menstrual characteristics linked to depression and anxiety in teenage girls? Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does video-guided digital menstrual exercise reduce PMS and period pain in adolescent girls? Case-control study, 2026 Do adolescents with heart disease have worse menstrual problems than healthy teenagers? Survey study, 2026 What factors are linked with period pain in teenage girls in Ethiopia? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗