---
title: Do women with PMDD experience more negative thoughts and emotional problems than women without PMDD?
description: Yes. Women with PMDD had higher scores for disturbing memories, negative automatic thoughts, and emotional problems. They also had lower scores for positive e
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/pmdd-2021/
---

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- Do women with PMDD experience more negative thoughts and emotional problems than women without PMDD?

Survey study, 2021

# Do women with PMDD experience more negative thoughts and emotional problems than women without PMDD?

Yes. Women with PMDD had higher scores for disturbing memories, negative automatic thoughts, and emotional problems. They also had lower scores for positive emotional feelings.

 Early or limited evidence

60 female university students in Iran, 30 with PMDD and 30 without

## What they did

This cross-sectional study compared responses to psychological questionnaires between 30 female university students with PMDD symptoms and 30 without. Measures included disturbing memories, automatic thoughts, and emotional balance.

## What they found

Women with PMDD had higher scores for disturbing memories, negative interpretation of events, dwelling on thoughts, grief, negative automatic thoughts, and negative emotional balance. They had lower scores for positive emotional balance.

## What it means for you

Women with PMDD experience more negative thoughts, memories, and emotions than women without PMDD. The study suggests these psychological symptoms are part of PMDD. Because this is a study of only 60 women in one university, the findings may not apply to all women.

30

women with PMDD

30

women without PMDD

## About the study

Original title مقایسۀ مرور خاطرات مزاحم، افکار خودآیند منفی و تعادل عاطفی در دختران با و بدون ملال پیش از قاعدگی (PMDD) Authors نیلوفر میکائیلی, لاله صنوبر Journal DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) Year 2021 Study design Survey study Participants 360 What was tested None - this was an observational study Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.22059/japr.2021.303216.643529](https://doi.org/10.22059/japr.2021.303216.643529)

## Topics

[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)

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