---
title: Is rumination linked to PMS and PMDD? | Niyora
description: Yes. Rumination was strongly linked to both PMS and PMDD in both studies using past reports and daily tracking. The relationship was consistent across differe
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-disorders-and-rumination-2014/
---

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- Is rumination linked to PMS and PMDD?

Cohort study, 2014

# Is rumination linked to PMS and PMDD?

Yes. Rumination was strongly linked to both PMS and PMDD in both studies using past reports and daily tracking. The relationship was consistent across different ways of measuring premenstrual symptoms.

 Moderate study design

Study 1: 735 women with varying PMS severity. Study 2: 85 women with PMS, PMDD, or no premenstrual symptoms

## What they did

Study 1 looked at 735 women who reported their PMS history using retrospective questionnaires. Study 2 followed 85 women with PMS, PMDD, or no premenstrual disorder for 60 days while tracking symptoms daily. All participants answered questionnaires about rumination, anxiety, and coping styles.

## What they found

Rumination was strongly related to premenstrual disorders in both studies. This held true whether researchers looked at past reports or daily tracking, and whether they classified symptoms as categories or measured them on a scale.

## What it means for you

Rumination, a tendency to repeatedly think about problems and feelings, may contribute to how PMS and PMDD develop or persist. Study 1 used retrospective reports which can be biased. Study 2 tracked daily, which is more reliable. Longitudinal research is needed to determine if rumination causes worse symptoms.

735

women in retrospective study

85

women in daily tracking study

60 days

daily tracking period

## About the study

Original title Premenstrual disorders and rumination Authors Craner JR, Sigmon ST, Martinson AA et al. Journal Journal of clinical psychology Year 2014 Study design Cohort study Participants 735 What was tested Rumination and coping measurement Read the paper [doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22007](https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22007)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)

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