--- title: What premenstrual symptoms are most common, and what factors predict worse symptoms? description: Emotional and functional symptoms like mood swings and loss of interest were most common. Older age, lower family income, lower parental education, and starti url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-symptoms-in-high-school-and-university-students-in-taif-city-saudi-2026/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - What premenstrual symptoms are most common, and what factors predict worse symptoms? Survey study, 2026 # What premenstrual symptoms are most common, and what factors predict worse symptoms? Emotional and functional symptoms like mood swings and loss of interest were most common. Older age, lower family income, lower parental education, and starting periods at a younger age were linked to more severe symptoms. Early or limited evidence 400 female high school and university students (96.5% university students) in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. ## What they did Asked 400 female high school and university students in Saudi Arabia about premenstrual symptoms using a 9-question validated scale. Also collected information about their age, education level, family background, smoking status, and height. ## What they found The most noticeable symptoms were emotional and functional, especially mood swings, loss of interest, and effects on daily life. Students with more symptoms tended to be older. Starting periods at a younger age was linked to more severe symptoms later. Students whose parents had more education and higher family income had fewer symptoms. Age, mother's education, family income, smoking status, and height together predicted about 16.4% of the differences in symptom severity. ## What it means for you Emotional symptoms and loss of interest are very common premenstrual experiences in this student population. Socioeconomic factors like family income and parental education appear linked to symptom severity, possibly through effects on stress, nutrition, or healthcare access. This study was done in one city in Saudi Arabia, so results may not apply to other regions. 400 Students surveyed 96.5% Were university students 16.4% Variation explained by predictive factors ## About the study Original title Premenstrual Symptoms in High School and University Students in Taif City, Saudi Arabia Authors Hani Matrok Alotaibi, Rami Abdullah Al Otaibi, Alaa Ahmed Almasabi et al. Journal International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology Year 2026 Study design Survey study Participants 400 Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.16.61s.67](https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.16.61s.67) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Lab study, 2026 Do core stability exercises help women with PMDD? Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD in young Turkish women and what factors are linked to them? Survey study, 2025 What are the most common PMS symptoms in university students and how much do they affect daily life? Study, 2026 What are premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD among college women and what increases the risk? Survey study, 2025 How common is PMDD among female medical students in Vietnam? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗