---
title: What are the symptoms, causes, and treatments of PMS and PMDD?
description: PMS affects 20-40% of menstruating women and causes fatigue, mood changes, and bloating. PMDD is less common but more severe. Possible causes involve hormone
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-in-adolescents-2022/
---

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- What are the symptoms, causes, and treatments of PMS and PMDD?

Study, 2022

# What are the symptoms, causes, and treatments of PMS and PMDD?

PMS affects 20-40% of menstruating women and causes fatigue, mood changes, and bloating. PMDD is less common but more severe. Possible causes involve hormone changes and brain chemistry. Treatments include lifestyle changes and medications.

 Early or limited evidence

Menstruating women and adolescents (overview article)

## What they did

This was an overview of current knowledge about PMS and PMDD, including symptoms, causes, and available treatments.

## What they found

PMS affects 20-40% of menstruating women and is more common than PMDD. Common PMS symptoms include fatigue, irritability, mood swings, depression, bloating, breast tenderness, acne, and changes in appetite and food cravings. PMDD causes more severe symptoms. Possible causes may include sensitivity to hormone changes during the cycle, abnormal serotonin activity, and imbalances in progesterone and GABA. Treatment options include lifestyle approaches (diet, exercise, therapy, supplements) and medications (SSRIs, birth control pills, hormone treatments).

## What it means for you

PMS is common and likely involves multiple causes related to hormones and brain chemistry. Many treatment options exist, from simple lifestyle changes to medications. This is an overview of existing knowledge, not new research, so individual patients may need personalized approaches.

20-40%

of menstruating women affected by PMS

## About the study

Original title Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in adolescents Authors Itriyeva K Journal Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care Year 2022 Study design Study Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101187](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101187)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Appetite and food cravings](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-food-cravings/)[Bloating, breast tenderness and physical symptoms](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-physical-symptoms/)[SSRIs and antidepressants](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-ssri/)[Oral contraceptives and drospirenone](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-hormonal-contraceptives/)[GnRH agonists and ovarian suppression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-gnrh/)[Cognitive behavioral therapy](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-cbt/)[Other herbal medicine](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-herbal-other/)[Acupuncture and acupressure](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-acupuncture/)[Major depressive disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-major-depression/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

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