--- title: How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? description: In 430 rural girls, 8.8% had PMDD and 17.4% had PMS. PMDD was significantly linked to depression, anxiety, menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and family type. url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-syndrome-anxiety-and-depression-among-menstruating-rural-adolescent-2023/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? Survey study, 2023 # How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? In 430 rural girls, 8.8% had PMDD and 17.4% had PMS. PMDD was significantly linked to depression, anxiety, menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and family type. Moderate study design 430 rural adolescent girls in India ## What they did A community-based cross-sectional study in 20 rural schools over one year. Researchers interviewed 430 adolescent girls aged 15 and older who had menstruated for at least one year using standardized questionnaires. ## What they found 38 girls (8.8%) had PMDD and 75 girls (17.4%) had PMS. Statistically significant associations were found between PMDD and age, family structure, menstrual flow severity, cycle duration, dysmenorrhea, depression, and anxiety. ## What it means for you Roughly 1 in 6 rural adolescent girls have PMS and 1 in 10 have PMDD. Mental health problems like depression and anxiety are linked to these conditions. Results are specific to rural India and may not apply to other populations. 430 rural adolescent girls studied 8.8% had PMDD 17.4% had PMS ## About the study Original title Premenstrual Syndrome, Anxiety, and Depression Among Menstruating Rural Adolescent Girls: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Authors Mann P, Ts P Journal Cureus Year 2023 Study design Survey study Participants 430 What was tested None Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50385](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50385) Original abstract Introduction Menstrual periods in young females can add a new challenge to the already difficult adolescent transition period. Menstrual health concerns can have extreme physical and psychosocial impacts on adolescent girls. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are extremely common yet underestimated. Depression in adolescents is a mental and emotional disorder. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression among rural menstruating adolescent girls and the factors associated with it. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out among 20 rural schools for the period of one year. Sample size was calculated based on previous research. Adolescent females who had menstruated for one year were included and those with primary amenorrhea and previously diagnosed mental health abnormalities were excluded. Becks' Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST-A) were used. Data were collected by interview technique and entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States), and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Out of 430 rural adolescent girls, 180 (41.9%) were 15 years, 277 (64.4%) belonged to nuclear families, 236 (54.9%) exercised less than 30 minutes, 144 (33.5%) had menarche at the age of 13 years, 288 (67%) had regular cycles, 266 (61.9%) had moderate flow during the menstrual cycle, 302 (70.2%) had a flow duration of less than seven days, and 243 (56.5%) had dysmenorrhea. Thirty-eight (8.8%) girls had PMDD and 75 (17.4%) had PMS. Age, family status, severity of menstrual flow, duration of cycle, and presence of dysmenorrhea, depression, and anxiety had a statistically significant association with PMDD. The class/grade in which studying, cycle regularity, flow during the menstrual cycle, duration of the cycle, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and depression status had a statistically significant association with PMS. Conclusions The menstrual cycle's impact on the mental health of rural adolescent girls should not be ignored and schools can be instrumental in improving their quality of life. Regular counselling and mental health supervision by school teachers and peer groups can be beneficial. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Psychotherapy, counselling and education](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-psychotherapy/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD among college girls, and what are their symptoms? Survey study, 2014 Are depression and anxiety linked to period pain in teenage girls? Survey study, 2025 What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? Survey study, 2025 How aware are medical students of PMDD, and how common is it among female medical students? Survey study, 2024 What factors are linked to PMDD in female university students? Survey study, 2021 How common are menstrual problems in adolescent girls? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗