--- title: Is low hemoglobin linked to worse PMS? | Niyora description: Yes, there is a relationship between hemoglobin levels and PMS severity. Low hemoglobin may worsen PMS symptoms by reducing oxygen in the blood. url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/relationship-between-the-degree-of-premenstrual-syndrome-pms-among-female-2025/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Is low hemoglobin linked to worse PMS? Survey study, 2025 # Is low hemoglobin linked to worse PMS? Yes, there is a relationship between hemoglobin levels and PMS severity. Low hemoglobin may worsen PMS symptoms by reducing oxygen in the blood. Early or limited evidence Female medical students aged 20 to 23 in Indonesia ## What they did Researchers studied female medical students aged 20 to 23 to investigate whether hemoglobin levels and PMS severity are related. ## What they found There was a clear relationship between hemoglobin levels and the severity of PMS. Lower hemoglobin levels were linked to more severe PMS. ## What it means for you Low hemoglobin, which reduces blood oxygen delivery, may worsen PMS symptoms, especially menstrual pain and muscle cramps. The exact reasons are not fully explained, and the study was limited to medical students only. 20-23 age of students ## About the study Original title Relationship Between the Degree of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among Female Students’s Haemoglobin levels Authors Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari, Dimas Ghani Ananda, Yunitati Maria Margaretha Journal Diponegoro International Medical Journal Year 2025 Study design Survey study Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26885](https://doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26885) Original abstract Background: Red blood cells include a protein called haemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting carbon dioxide gas (CO2) from the tissues back to the lungs and oxygen (O2) from the lungs to every part of the body. Low hemoglobin levels may impact numerous bodily functions related to hemoglobin. One of the symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is menstrual pain, which low haemoglobin levels can bring on because they can reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood and stimulate the myometrium’s decreased blood flow. This leads to an increase in uterine muscle contraction. For one or two weeks before menstruation, women experience a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms known as PMS, which arises during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Students are generally in a transition phase where learning activities and imbalanced hormones trigger stress, thus worsening PMS levels.Objective: Determining the correlation between haemoglobin levels and the intensity of PMS in students. An observational analytical research design was used in this study. The group consisted of all students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and comprised the sample. To choose the sample, basic random sampling was employedMethods: An observational analytical research design was used to investigate. The analysis’s findings demonstrated a correlation between haemoglobin levels and the intensity of PMS among female students aged 20 to 23 years old enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine at Wijaya Kusuma University in Surabaya.Results: Haemoglobin levels and the severity of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among students were shown to be related, according to the analysis’s findings. The Spearman Correlation test sig result of 0,002 (<0,05) demonstrates this.Conclusion: This indicates a correlation between haemoglobin levels and the severity of PMS among female medical students in Wijaya Kusuma University of Surabaya. Reproduced under CC-BY-SA. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2026 Is anxiety linked to irregular menstrual cycles in teenage girls? Survey study, 2025 Does caffeine affect the menstrual cycle? Survey study, 2024 What factors are linked to PMDD in female university students? Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD among college girls, and what are their symptoms? Survey study, 2022 Did fear of COVID-19 affect premenstrual symptoms in university students? Survey study, 2026 Is academic stress linked to PMS severity in university students? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗