---
title: Is apelin related to PMS? | Niyora
description: Apelin levels were significantly higher in women with PMS. Researchers suggest apelin might help diagnose PMS, though this is a small study.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/serum-oxidative-stress-visfatin-and-apelin-in-healthy-women-and-those-with-2015/
---

- [Niyora](https://niyora.com/)
- [Research](https://niyora.com/research/)
- [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/)
- Is apelin related to PMS?

Case-control study, 2015

# Is apelin related to PMS?

Apelin levels were significantly higher in women with PMS. Researchers suggest apelin might help diagnose PMS, though this is a small study.

 Early or limited evidence

40 women with PMS and 40 healthy women

## What they did

Researchers compared 40 women with PMS and 40 healthy women by measuring blood levels of oxidative stress markers, visfatin, and apelin.

## What they found

Oxidative stress was higher in the PMS group but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Visfatin levels showed no difference between groups (p = 0.893). Apelin was significantly higher in the PMS group (p < 0.001).

## What it means for you

Apelin might be useful as a laboratory test for diagnosing PMS. However, this is a small study, so the results need confirmation in larger groups before it could be used in clinical practice.

40

women per group

p < 0.001

apelin level significance

p = 0.893

visfatin level significance

## About the study

Original title Serum oxidative stress, visfatin and apelin in healthy women and those with premenstrual syndrome Authors Incebiyik A, Camuzcuoglu A, Hilali NG et al. Journal Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Year 2015 Study design Case-control study Participants 40 What was tested Blood tests measuring oxidative stress, visfatin, and apelin Read the paper [doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2014.948399](https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2014.948399)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

Randomised trial, 2026

Does mindfulness training reduce PMS symptoms and fear about childbirth?

Systematic review, 2025

Is there a link between stress, trauma, and premenstrual symptoms?

Randomised trial, 2025

Does caloric restriction and aerobic exercise improve PMS symptoms in obese women?

Cohort study, 2025

How common is PMS in Chinese teenage girls, and what factors are linked to it?

Review, 2025

How do stress hormone levels change during the menstrual cycle and how does this affect health?

Randomised trial, 2024

Does curcumin reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea?

Ask AI about this page

Copy prompt

ChatGPT

↗

Claude

↗

Perplexity

↗

Google AI Mode

↗

Grok

↗