---
title: What social and psychological factors are linked to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain?
description: Many factors are linked including age, country of birth, marital status, work attitudes, smoking, drinking, childbearing, sex life, and psychological factors.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/social-and-psychological-factors-in-relation-to-premenstrual-tension-and-1979/
---

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- What social and psychological factors are linked to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain?

Survey study, 1979

# What social and psychological factors are linked to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain?

Many factors are linked including age, country of birth, marital status, work attitudes, smoking, drinking, childbearing, sex life, and psychological factors. The study cannot determine if these factors cause PMS.

 Early or limited evidence

Not specified in abstract

## What they did

Cross-sectional study examining the relationship between various social and psychological factors and the frequency of menstrual pain and premenstrual tension.

## What they found

Age, country of birth, marital status, attitude to work, smoking and drinking habits, childbearing, sex life, and psychological factors were all linked to the frequency of menstrual pain and premenstrual tension.

## What it means for you

Many aspects of your life and psychology are linked to PMS. Treatment should consider these factors. Limitation: sample size not reported and cross-sectional design cannot establish cause and effect.

## About the study

Original title Social and psychological factors in relation to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain Authors Wood C, Larsen L, Williams R Journal The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology Year 1979 Study design Survey study What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1979.tb01367.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1979.tb01367.x)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Pain and headache](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-pain/)[Alcohol, smoking and substance use](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-substance-use/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)

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