---
title: What personal factors are linked to PMS in young women? | Niyora
description: Starting menstruation before age 12 and having 5 or more days of bleeding were linked to higher PMS rates. This is one survey, so it shows association but not
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/social-demographic-factors-associated-with-premenstrual-syndrome-among-female-2022/
---

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- What personal factors are linked to PMS in young women?

Survey study, 2022

# What personal factors are linked to PMS in young women?

Starting menstruation before age 12 and having 5 or more days of bleeding were linked to higher PMS rates. This is one survey, so it shows association but not cause.

 Early or limited evidence

212 female university students in Uganda

## What they did

Female university students in Uganda completed a questionnaire about their background and PMS symptoms. Researchers analyzed which demographic and menstrual factors were linked to PMS.

## What they found

Among 212 students with an average age of 22.67 years, those who started their period at age 12 or younger and those with 5 or more days of bleeding were more likely to have PMS.

## What it means for you

Early menstruation and longer periods may be biological risk factors for PMS. The main limit is that this is just a survey in one country, so we cannot prove these factors cause PMS.

212

Female students surveyed

22.67

Average age in years

2

Menstrual factors linked to PMS

## About the study

Original title Social-demographic factors associated with Premenstrual Syndrome among female University students in Central Uganda: A Cross-sectional Study Authors Elizabeth Atim, Florence Nabushawo Okecho, Regina Ndagire et al. Journal Student s Journal of Health Research Africa Year 2022 Study design Survey study Participants 212 What was tested Examined demographic and menstrual factors associated with PMS Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v3i9.220](https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v3i9.220)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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