---
title: What life and job situations increase the risk of PMDD and moderate-to-severe PMS in working women?
description: Younger age, non-permanent jobs, working 60 or more hours weekly, small company employment, having children, and lower education all increase risk. Manufactur
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/sociodemographic-and-occupational-risk-factors-for-premenstrual-mood-disorders-2026/
---

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- What life and job situations increase the risk of PMDD and moderate-to-severe PMS in working women?

Survey study, 2026

# What life and job situations increase the risk of PMDD and moderate-to-severe PMS in working women?

Younger age, non-permanent jobs, working 60 or more hours weekly, small company employment, having children, and lower education all increase risk. Manufacturing jobs reduce risk.

 Moderate study design

908 Japanese working women aged 20-44

## What they did

908 Japanese working women aged 20-44 answered online surveys about their age, job type, work hours, company size, family situation, education, and PMS or PMDD symptoms.

## What they found

13.66% had PMDD and 30.51% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Higher risk was associated with younger age, non-regular employment, working 60 or more hours weekly, small companies, presence of children, and lower education. Manufacturing jobs were associated with lower risk.

## What it means for you

Work and life circumstances significantly affect PMS and PMDD risk. The study was conducted only in Japan and only included women who could respond to online surveys, so results may not apply in other countries or to less digitally connected populations.

13.66%

had PMDD

30.51%

had moderate-to-severe PMS

908

participants

## About the study

Original title Sociodemographic and occupational risk factors for premenstrual mood disorders among female workers Authors Shimoda M, Kurosawa T, Takizawa R Journal Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica Year 2026 Study design Survey study Participants 908 What was tested None - observational survey. Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70121](https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70121)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)

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