--- title: What lifestyle and body composition factors are associated with PMS in young women? description: Extra caffeine and salt consumption were significantly linked to PMS. Poor diet, alcohol, and smoking were also associated with menstrual problems, and PMS se url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-magnitude-of-premenstrual-syndrome-pms-among-young-females-and-its-2025/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - What lifestyle and body composition factors are associated with PMS in young women? Survey study, 2025 # What lifestyle and body composition factors are associated with PMS in young women? Extra caffeine and salt consumption were significantly linked to PMS. Poor diet, alcohol, and smoking were also associated with menstrual problems, and PMS severely affected social life and daily activities. Early or limited evidence Female university students aged 18-25 in West Bengal ## What they did Cross-sectional survey of female university students aged 18-25 in West Bengal. Measured caffeine, salt, diet, alcohol, smoking, body composition, and body fat. ## What they found Caffeine and extra salt consumption had significant association with PMS (p less than 0.0005). Variations in body fat were found in severe cases. Factors like diet, alcohol, and smoking were associated with menstrual problems. There was severe impact on social life and daily activities. ## What it means for you Lifestyle choices like caffeine and salt intake may influence PMS severity in young women. The main limitation is this is a descriptive survey without a control group, so we cannot confirm that these factors cause PMS. 18-25 Age of participants p < 0.0005 Statistical significance for caffeine and salt association ## About the study Original title The magnitude of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among young females and its association with body composition and lifestyle factors: A study from West Bengal Authors Baishakhi Kundu, Sarnali Dutta, Samiran Bisai Journal Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) Year 2025 Study design Survey study What was tested Suggested lifestyle modifications as potential intervention Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18231245](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18231245) Original abstract AbstractPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses clinically significant somatic and psychological manifestations during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to substantial distress and impairment in functional capacity which disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. It affects day-to-day functioning including interference with an individual’s interpersonal relationships, social interactions, occupational activities and productivity. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a much more severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The present cross-sectional descriptive study includes females aged 18 − 25 years studying at an University of West Bengal. The study used a questionnaire, followed by a interview about lifestyle factors, anthropometric measurements. Caffeine and extra salt consumption had a significant association with PMS (p < 0.0005). Variations in body fat were found in severe cases. Factors like diet alcohol and smoking were associated with menstrual problems. There was a severe impact of PMS on social life and daily activities. The analyzed factors on PMS could serve as a valuable resource to suggest lifestyle modifications as an interventional program to treat PMS in young women. Suitable health education strategies must be implemented to curb this dysphoria. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Psychotherapy, counselling and education](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-psychotherapy/)[Diet and nutrition](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-diet/)[Alcohol, smoking and substance use](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-substance-use/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Systematic review, 2026 What types of talking therapy have been studied for PMS and PMDD? Interview study, 2019 How does PMDD affect adolescents' lives? Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? Review, 2023 What treatments help mental and physical health problems linked to the menstrual cycle? Review, 2001 What causes PMS and PMDD, and how are they treated? Systematic review, 2026 Do digital tools and apps help reduce PMS and PMDD symptoms? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗