---
title: What percentage of Japanese high school girls have PMDD or PMS, and what affects it?
description: About 8.4% have PMDD and 18.5% have PMS. Stress, poor sleep, less exercise, irregular eating, and headaches may increase risk.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-prevalence-of-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-and-its-modulation-by-2006/
---

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- What percentage of Japanese high school girls have PMDD or PMS, and what affects it?

Survey study, 2006

# What percentage of Japanese high school girls have PMDD or PMS, and what affects it?

About 8.4% have PMDD and 18.5% have PMS. Stress, poor sleep, less exercise, irregular eating, and headaches may increase risk.

 Early or limited evidence

675 high school students in Kobe City, Japan

## What they did

They surveyed 675 high school girls in Kobe City, Japan, asking about their periods, sleep habits, exercise, stress, eating patterns, and headaches.

## What they found

8.4% had PMDD and 18.5% had PMS. The rate of PMDD increased with school year: 5.4% in first year, 7.4% in second year, and 12.6% in third year. Girls with PMDD were more likely to stay up late, exercise less, experience stress, have irregular eating, and have headaches or migraines.

## What it means for you

PMDD and PMS are fairly common in teenage girls and appear linked to lifestyle and stress. This study was done in one Japanese city at one time, so the findings may not apply to other countries or groups.

8.4%

PMDD prevalence

18.5%

PMS prevalence

12.6%

PMDD in third-year students

## About the study

Original title The Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Its Modulation by Lifestyle and Psychological Factors in High School Students Authors Elsi Dwi Hapsari, Yuria Mantani, Hiroya Matsuo Journal Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) Year 2006 Study design Survey study Participants 675 What was tested None Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.24546/81000705](https://doi.org/10.24546/81000705)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Pain and headache](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-pain/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)[Migraine](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-migraine/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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