--- title: How does depression affect menstrual function and fertility in women? description: Women with depression are more likely to have PMS and irregular periods. Depression also appears linked to fewer pregnancies and children. Depression starting url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-relationship-and-interaction-of-menstrual-and-generative-function-and-2018/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How does depression affect menstrual function and fertility in women? Lab study, 2018 # How does depression affect menstrual function and fertility in women? Women with depression are more likely to have PMS and irregular periods. Depression also appears linked to fewer pregnancies and children. Depression starting at puberty has the worst effects on menstrual and reproductive health. Moderate study design 120 women aged 18-65 with repeated depression episodes, and 120 mentally healthy women of the same age. ## What they did Researchers studied 120 women with a history of repeated depression (at least two episodes each) and compared them to 120 mentally healthy women of the same age. They collected information about when depression started, menstrual patterns, and reproductive history. ## What they found In 71.7% of women with depression, symptoms appeared during hormonal change periods (puberty, after childbirth, or menopause). Among women with depression, 65.0% had PMS. Women with depression had later start of periods, irregular periods, earlier early menopause, fewer pregnancies, fewer births, and fewer children. ## What it means for you Depression and hormonal changes are closely linked. Having PMS with depressive feelings may be a sign of future depression. The study shows depression is linked with effects on menstrual and reproductive health, but we cannot be certain depression directly causes these changes. 71.7% Women with depression whose symptoms appeared during hormonal changes 65.0% Women with depression who also have PMS 120 Number of women in each group ## About the study Original title The relationship and interaction of menstrual and generative function and depressive disorders in women Authors Nina Arkad'evna Tyuvina, E. O. Voronina, В. В. Балабанова et al. Journal Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics Year 2018 Study design Lab study Participants 120 Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-2-45-51](https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-2-45-51) Original abstract Objective : to study of the individual aspects of the relationship and interaction of menstrual and generative function and depressive disorders in women. Patients and methods . 120 women aged 18–65 years with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) who had experienced at least two depressive episodes (a study group) and 120 mentally healthy women of the same age (a control group) were clinically examined using a specially designed map with subsequent statistical processing of the findings. Results and discussion . In 71.7% of women, depression manifests itself during hormonal rearrangement periods (puberty, postpartum, and menopause). 65.0% of women with RDD have premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the pattern of which shows depressive symptoms. Depression affects menstrual function: the later onset and irregularity of menstruation, the earlier restoration of menstrual function after childbirth, and the earlier onset of premenopause, which has an adverse impact on generative function (a reduction in the number of pregnancies, births, and babies). Depression, the onset of which is observed during puberty, exerts the most malignant effect on menstrual and generative function. Overall, depressive patients are less socially and family-friendly than healthy women. Menstrual and generative function and adaptation minimally suffer in women with postmenopausal depression. Conclusion . The onset of depressive disorders is associated with the hormonal rearrangement periods. The presence of depressive symptoms in the pattern of PMS is a prognostic sign of future depression or indicates partial remission. At the same time, menstrual function is impaired in women suffering from RDD, which along with psychic manifestations of depression (a decrease in sexual drive and contacts, as well as anesthesia of feelings, etc.) leads to infertility. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Major depressive disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-major-depression/)[Perimenopause and menopause](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-perimenopause/)[Pregnancy and postpartum](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-postpartum/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2005 Does the menstrual cycle affect obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms? Randomised trial, 2001 Do changing reproductive hormones disrupt the body's internal clock and cause mood disorders? Review, 2012 Is depression linked to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause? Review, 2011 Can estrogen hormones treat depression linked to the menstrual cycle? Survey study, 2009 Can estrogen therapy help depression that worsens during hormonal cycle changes? Survey study, 2002 What treatments work for depression linked to the menstrual cycle and PMDD? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗