--- title: What types of PMS do midwifery students experience? | Niyora description: Most midwifery students have multiple types of PMS at the same time. A combination of anxiety, water retention, cravings, and depression was the most common, url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/tipe-gabungan-mendominasi-jenis-pre-menstrual-syndrome-pms-pada-mahasiswi-2018/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - What types of PMS do midwifery students experience? Survey study, 2018 # What types of PMS do midwifery students experience? Most midwifery students have multiple types of PMS at the same time. A combination of anxiety, water retention, cravings, and depression was the most common, affecting 76 of the 152 students studied. Early or limited evidence 152 Diploma-III midwifery students at a university in Indonesia in 2015-2016. ## What they did 152 midwifery students at a university in Indonesia filled out questionnaires about their PMS symptoms. Researchers identified which type of PMS each student experienced: anxiety, water retention, cravings, depression, or a combination. ## What they found 56 students had anxiety-type PMS, 3 had water retention, 16 had cravings, 1 had depression, and 76 had a combination of all types. ## What it means for you Most women with PMS experience several symptom types together, not just one. This shows PMS is more complex than a single symptom. The study was limited to one university in Indonesia. 152 students studied 76 with combination type PMS 56 with anxiety-type PMS ## About the study Original title TIPE GABUNGAN MENDOMINASI JENIS PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) PADA MAHASISWI TINGKAT I DAN II PRODI DIII KEBIDANANUNUSA Authors Fauziyatun Nisa Journal Journal of Health Sciences Year 2018 Study design Survey study Participants 152 What was tested None, observational study. Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v11i1.114](https://doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v11i1.114) Original abstract Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms that relate to the woman’s menstrual cycle. The types of this syndrome can be classified according to its symptoms: type A (anxiety), type H (hyperhydration), type C (craving), type D (depression), and the combination of all mentioned types. The objective of this research was to identify the dominant type of PMS experienced by Diploma-III students Program of Study of Midwifery – Fakultas ilmu keperawatan dan kebidanan UNUSA. This research was descriptive by using the cross sectional design. The population involved 245 Diploma-III students Program of Study of Midwifery - UNUSA in 2015-2016. 152 students were taken as the samples by using the probability sampling technique in which the simple random sampling was used. The data collected by using questionnaires and descriptive analysis . Tthe result showed that 56 students experienced PMS type A; 3 students experienced type H; 16 students experienced type C, and only one student experienced type D; whereas 76 students experienced the combination of all types which was considered as the dominant. The conclusion was that the female students having PMS would not only experience one type of syndrome, but they might also experience various types at the same time. Hence, they are expected to understand their reproductive health and to get clear information and the right solution when having PMS. Reproduced under CC-BY-SA. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Randomised trial, 2026 Does aerobic or resistance exercise reduce anxiety in women with PMS? Randomised trial, 2017 Does calcium reduce PMS symptoms? Survey study, 2026 Is PMS worse in medical students with higher stress? Survey study, 2026 How does PMS affect test anxiety in nursing students? Lab study, 2026 Do core stability exercises help women with PMDD? Survey study, 2026 Is academic stress linked to PMS severity in university students? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗