---
title: What biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to PMDD?
description: PMDD involves hormonal changes, genetic factors, personality traits, pre-existing mental health conditions, cultural stigma, and differences in access to supp
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/unraveling-the-complexity-of-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-a-biopsychosocial-2026/
---

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- What biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to PMDD?

Review, 2026

# What biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to PMDD?

PMDD involves hormonal changes, genetic factors, personality traits, pre-existing mental health conditions, cultural stigma, and differences in access to support and care.

 Early or limited evidence

Adult women with PMDD (literature review 2017 to 2024)

## What they did

A narrative review of research from 2017 to 2024 examining PMDD from biological, psychological, and social perspectives in adult women aged 18 and above.

## What they found

Hormonal fluctuations (estrogen and progesterone) and genetic factors contribute to PMDD. Neurotransmitter imbalances, especially serotonin, affect mood symptoms. Personality traits like neuroticism and perfectionism increase emotional reactivity. Pre-existing anxiety and mood disorders worsen symptoms. Cultural stigma around menstruation, variable access to social support, and socioeconomic differences all influence symptom severity and treatment accessibility.

## What it means for you

PMDD is complex and involves biological, psychological, and social factors. Effective treatment should address all three dimensions through personalized, multi-approach care. This narrative review covers broad areas and may not evaluate all evidence with equal rigor.

3

Dimensions (biological, psychological, social)

2017-2024

Years of research reviewed

Serotonin

Key neurotransmitter

## About the study

Original title Unraveling the complexity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A biopsychosocial perspective Authors Shagun Katoch, Akshita Journal Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Year 2026 Study design Review What was tested None (narrative review) Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.11699.1768465672](https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.11699.1768465672)

## Topics

[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

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## Related studies

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Systematic review, 2024

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Survey study, 2023

Is PMDD diagnosis associated with more severe depression and anxiety and lower well-being?

Randomised trial, 2022

Does emotion-focused group therapy help women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

Interview study, 2022

Can a new 33-item questionnaire reliably measure premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) symptoms?

Survey study, 2026

What attitudes do nursing students have toward premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

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