---
title: What factors are linked to PMS in Pakistani women? | Niyora
description: Fatigue, mood swings, and depression were the most common symptoms. Women with PMS had abnormal calorie intake and abnormal body weight (either too high or to
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/womens-behavioral-health-in-relation-to-premenstrual-syndrome-2020/
---

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- What factors are linked to PMS in Pakistani women?

Survey study, 2020

# What factors are linked to PMS in Pakistani women?

Fatigue, mood swings, and depression were the most common symptoms. Women with PMS had abnormal calorie intake and abnormal body weight (either too high or too low). The number of women studied was not stated.

 Early or limited evidence

Married and unmarried women in Pakistan (sample size not stated)

## What they did

Women in Pakistan (married and unmarried) completed a questionnaire about PMS symptoms, relationships, diet, and had their cortisol levels measured.

## What they found

The most common symptoms were fatigue, cramping, mood swings, and depression. Fatigue was reported by 40% of married women and 52% of unmarried women. Depression occurred in 20% of married women and 22% of unmarried women. Women with PMS had either too little or too much calorie intake and body weight that was either too low or too high.

## What it means for you

Diet and body weight may be linked to PMS, but it is unclear whether they cause it or are caused by it. The study did not state how many women were included, which makes it difficult to know how reliable the findings are.

40%

fatigue in married women

52%

fatigue in unmarried women

20%

depression in married women

## About the study

Original title Women’s Behavioral Health in Relation to Premenstrual Syndrome Authors Rabail Javed, Rukhama Haq, Dania Mubashir et al. Journal European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research Year 2020 Study design Survey study What was tested None Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.8.2092](https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.8.2092)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Fatigue and energy](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-fatigue/)

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