--- title: Dysmenorrhea and period pain: 573 studies, explained | Niyora description: 573 studies on dysmenorrhea and period pain and PMS or PMDD, each summarised in plain English: what was tested, who took part, what they found and what it mea url: https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Dysmenorrhea and period pain # Dysmenorrhea and period pain: what the research says 573 studies on dysmenorrhea and period pain in PMS and PMDD, each explained in plain English. 32 of them use the strongest designs: randomised trials and systematic reviews. Survey study 303 Randomised trial 54 Cohort study 49 Study 49 Review 35 Non-randomised trial 24 Cohort study, 2026 Do sleep, exercise, and diet quality affect period pain, heavy bleeding, and PMS in midlife? Women with poor sleep regularity and low moderate-to-vigorous activity had more painful and heavy periods and more PMS. Diet quality showed only a small effect. These are associations, not proof of cause and effect. Systematic review, 2026 Does saffron reduce PMS and period pain symptoms? Yes, saffron significantly reduced both PMS symptoms and period pain in the combined analysis of randomized trials. The effect sizes were moderate, suggesting a meaningful improvement. Randomised trial, 2025 Do vitamin D and E supplements reduce menstrual pain and PMS symptoms? Yes, vitamin D and E supplements significantly reduced menstrual pain and PMS symptoms over 4 months, especially in women with low vitamin D levels. Systematic review, 2025 Does digital healthcare help manage period pain and PMS? Yes, digital apps and websites effectively reduced period pain and improved symptom management for PMS, according to a review of 8 studies. Cohort study, 2025 How common is PMS in Chinese teenage girls, and what factors are linked to it? About 1 in 4 Chinese girls (24.6%) has PMS. Higher stress, anger, alcohol use, menstrual cycles of 24 days or less, and period pain are all linked to increased PMS likelihood. Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? PMS affects 62% of nursing students, and 21% have PMDD or severe PMS, while 72% experience painful periods, disrupting their studies and wellbeing. These students need institutional support and evidence-based treatment. Systematic review, 2025 Does alcohol use affect menstrual health in teenage girls? Yes. Alcohol use is linked to irregular periods, PMS, period pain, and early or unintended pregnancy in teenage girls, though more research is needed to prove alcohol directly causes these problems. Randomised trial, 2025 Does exercise reduce menstrual symptoms and sleep problems? Yes. Women who exercised for 12 weeks had significantly fewer menstrual symptoms and better sleep than those who did not exercise. Systematic review, 2025 Does teaching adolescent girls about their menstrual cycle and health help reduce period pain and PMS? Yes. A systematic review of five good-quality studies shows that psychoeducation (structured teaching) significantly reduced period pain and PMS symptoms and improved emotional wellbeing in adolescent girls. Cohort study, 2024 Does psychological distress in adolescence predict menstrual symptoms in adulthood? Yes. Women who had higher psychological distress at age 16 were significantly more likely to experience various menstrual symptoms at ages 16, 30, and 42. This is based on a large, long-term study. Randomised trial, 2024 Does curcumin reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea? Yes, curcumin significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress and improved mental health and quality of life compared to placebo. This was a larger, high-quality study. Randomised trial, 2024 Does curcumin-piperine combination improve antioxidant activity in women with PMS and period pain? Curcumin significantly increased free-radical scavenging activity in the blood compared to placebo. However, other antioxidant measures showed no difference, so the practical benefit is unclear. Randomised trial, 2024 Does estetrol/drospirenone birth control improve PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who started this birth control experienced significant improvements in pain, bloating, and negative mood symptoms. Women already on other birth control saw minimal improvements. Systematic review, 2024 Does yoga help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, yoga appears to help reduce emotional, behavioral, and physical PMS symptoms and improve quality of life. The evidence comes from a systematic review of 14 randomized controlled trials. Cohort study, 2024 Is there a link between sleep and menstrual problems in teenage girls? Yes. Girls who sleep less and have more sleep problems report worse menstrual pain, irregular periods, and more premenstrual symptoms. Randomised trial, 2023 Does curcumin reduce inflammation in women with PMS and painful periods? Curcumin slightly reduced a marker of inflammation (hsCRP) compared to placebo, but the reduction was small and didn't affect most other inflammation measures or iron levels. Systematic review, 2023 How common are menstrual cycle problems and PMS or PMDD in female athletes? Menstrual cycle problems are common in female athletes, with dysmenorrhoea affecting about 32%. More athletes report symptoms during their period than in the days before. Randomised trial, 2022 Does curcumin with piperine reduce PMS symptoms by lowering inflammation? Curcumin combined with piperine significantly reduced a specific immune marker (IgE) related to inflammation, but did not change other immune markers. The effect on PMS symptoms was not directly measured. Systematic review, 2022 What factors increase risk of period pain and PMS symptoms? Stress, poor sleep, late bedtimes, low weight, and family history increase risk. Smoking makes symptoms more severe. Most of these factors can be modified through lifestyle changes. Systematic review, 2021 Does damask rose help reduce menstrual pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating? Damask rose significantly reduced menstrual-related headache, fatigue, and bloating, but did not clearly reduce menstrual pain or anxiety. More research on pain and anxiety is needed. Systematic review, 2017 What risk factors are associated with asthma worsening before the period? Women with premenstrual asthma tend to be older, have more severe asthma, higher body weight, longer asthma duration, and are more prone to aspirin-triggered asthma. They also more often have painful periods, PMS, shorter menstrual cycles, and longer bleeding. Randomised trial, 2015 Which birth control pill better reduces PMS and menstrual symptoms: nomegestrol acetate or drospirenone? Nomegestrol acetate reduced more PMS and menstrual symptoms than drospirenone pills in this large study of 3522 women, though drospirenone was better for emotional arousal. Cohort study, 2014 How common are PMS and dysmenorrhea in young women and do they change over time? Both are very common. PMS affected 80% of Australian women at some point over 13 years; dysmenorrhea affected 60%. Both tend to persist if present, but women follow different patterns: some have symptoms continuously, others develop them later, some recover, and some have them on and off. Randomised trial, 2014 Does the combination of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium reduce menstrual symptoms and migraine? Yes. The combination was better than placebo for tiredness, irritability, bloating, abdominal pain, and back pain, as well as migraine. However, women with severe period pain responded less well to migraine treatment. Case-control study, 2014 How common is severe period pain and what causes it? Period pain affects 16% to 91% of women of reproductive age, with severe pain in 2% to 29%. It's less common as women age, after having children, and when using birth control pills, but more common with stress or family history of it. Systematic review, 2010 Does acupuncture treat premenstrual syndrome? Evidence for acupuncture treating PMS is limited and understudied. Most evidence focuses on period pain and menopause, but all evidence has quality problems. Randomised trial, 2008 Does drospirenone with ethinyl estradiol birth control help PMDD? This birth control formulation is the only hormone-based option with large randomized controlled trials proving it works for PMDD and has FDA approval for this use. Randomised trial, 2008 Does substance-partitioned moxibustion help period pain from cold-damp stagnation? Yes. Moxibustion was 95.2% effective compared to 85.6% for a Chinese herbal drug. The improvement may work through increased natural pain-relieving chemicals. Randomised trial, 2006 What herbs and dietary supplements have evidence for treating premenstrual syndrome? A review of research found that calcium, vitamin B6, and chasteberry have the strongest evidence from clinical trials for treating premenstrual syndrome. Randomised trial, 2004 Which low-dose birth control pill has better cycle control and fewer side effects? Both pills equally reduced period pain and PMS. One type (with desogestrel) had more stable bleeding patterns and less acne than the other (with levonorgestrel). Both were well tolerated overall. Randomised trial, 2003 What complementary and alternative medicines help with women's reproductive health issues? Acupressure helps with pregnancy nausea and calcium helps with PMS. Vitamin B6, ginger, magnesium, chaste-tree berry, low-fat diet, exercise, and fish oil show promise but need more research. Randomised trial, 1993 Does endometrial resection work as well as hysterectomy for heavy periods? Endometrial resection was almost as satisfying as hysterectomy, with 84 out of 99 women satisfied versus 89 out of 95 with hysterectomy. However, hysterectomy was better for reducing premenstrual symptoms like painful periods, bloating, and breast tenderness. Survey study, 2026 Are menstrual characteristics linked to depression and anxiety in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with earlier periods, irregular cycles, long cycles, severe period pain, and worse premenstrual symptoms have higher depression and anxiety scores, and these links get stronger as girls get older. Cohort study, 2026 How do premenstrual symptoms change after pregnancy, and what predicts worse symptoms? Premenstrual symptoms increase modestly after childbirth. Postpartum depression and severe period pain are linked to higher symptom scores. Survey study, 2026 Are there different types or patterns of PMDD among Chinese college students? Yes. There are two patterns: one with severe emotional and physical symptoms, and another with milder symptoms. Women with painful periods were more likely to have the severe pattern. Survey study, 2026 Does COVID-19 infection or depression affect menstrual periods? Yes, clearly. Both COVID-19 infection and moderate to severe depression were linked to menstrual changes. About 38% of the female students experienced menstrual dysfunction. Survey study, 2026 Do young women with PMS search online for health information more and develop health anxiety from it? Yes. Young women with PMS were more likely to search online for health information and reported higher health anxiety from internet searches. PMS severity remained linked to health anxiety even after accounting for stress and internet time. Study, 2026 Did period problems get worse for women health workers during COVID-19? Yes. More female health workers reported worsening period pain, abnormal bleeding, and PMS during COVID-19 compared to before the pandemic. Randomised trial, 2026 Which types of exercise work best to reduce period pain and PMS? In this review of 86 studies, yoga and aerobic exercise showed the most consistent benefits for reducing period pain and overall health. However, most studies were not high-quality randomized trials, and the review could not combine results statistically due to wide differences in study methods. Survey study, 2026 Does exercise help college women with period problems and mental health? Yes. College women who do moderate to vigorous exercise have less severe period problems, lower stress, fewer depression symptoms, and better sleep quality. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does video-guided digital menstrual exercise reduce PMS and period pain in adolescent girls? Yes. The exercise group was much more likely to have no PMS symptoms (74.3%) and no period pain (34.3%) compared to the control group. Survey study, 2026 Does fear of childbirth explain why women with PMS are more likely to develop postpartum depression? Yes, partially. Fear of childbirth accounts for 31.03% of the effect of PMS on postpartum depression in first-time mothers, and 43.62% in experienced mothers. This suggests PMS creates ongoing emotional vulnerability through pregnancy and after birth. Randomised trial, 2026 Does transcranial direct current stimulation reduce menstrual pain and PMS mood symptoms? The main finding showed no significant difference between active and sham stimulation for menstrual pain. Both groups improved over time. Exploratory analyses suggested mood and quality of life benefits, but this needs confirmation. Cohort study, 2026 Are diet and lifestyle linked to premenstrual symptoms in college students? Yes. Regular exercise was linked to lower rates of significant PMS, while smoking and certain foods were linked to higher rates. However, this is an observational study so we cannot know if these factors actually cause PMS. Survey study, 2026 How does menstrual health affect your quality of life? Menstrual health significantly affects quality of life. Women with frequent premenstrual symptoms, menstrual pain, and difficulty affording menstrual products reported lower quality of life, especially in daily activities, mood, and pain. Case-control study, 2026 Do adolescents with heart disease have worse menstrual problems than healthy teenagers? Adolescents with congenital heart disease had similar menstrual cycles and period pain to healthy controls. However, healthy controls were significantly more likely to miss school due to period pain and experienced more premenstrual bloating, anxiety, and mood swings. Cohort study, 2026 In girls with familial Mediterranean fever, are menstrual symptoms disease flares or just period discomfort? In 38% of girls with this condition, menstruation appeared to trigger disease flares. However, many symptoms during menstruation were likely normal menstrual discomfort or PMS rather than true disease attacks. Case-control study, 2026 How do thinking, mood, and work change across the cycle in women with and without period pain? Women with period pain experienced challenges in mood, work performance, and self-esteem that extended beyond the pain itself. Thinking and memory skills did not show clear differences between women with and without period pain. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD among college women and what increases the risk? About 17.4% of college women screened positive for probable PMDD. Living with a boyfriend, having severe period pain, and having longer menstrual cycles were associated with higher odds. Study, 2026 Do women with premenstrual symptoms use menstruation apps more? Yes. Women with more severe period pain and more premenstrual symptoms used menstruation tracking apps more than other women. Survey study, 2026 What factors are linked with period pain in teenage girls in Ethiopia? Period pain affects about 7 in 10 teenage girls in this Ethiopian town. It is significantly linked with family history of period pain, having premenstrual syndrome, sleeping 6 hours or less per night, heavy menstrual periods, skipping breakfast, and female genital mutilation. Survey study, 2026 Can self-compassion improve emotional well-being in women with PMS? Yes. Self-compassion partly explained why worse PMS severity linked to poorer quality of life, especially for social and emotional well-being. Women who were more self-compassionate had better quality of life despite PMS. Survey study, 2026 Do female medical students living in hostels have worse PMS than those who commute? Yes. Students living in hostels had significantly worse PMS symptoms overall, especially anxiety, mood swings, social withdrawal, cramps, and back pain. Review, 2026 How do hormone changes affect sleep in women? Hormonal changes during your menstrual cycle, including PMS and PMDD, cause sleep problems that appear at different times in your cycle. It's hard for doctors to diagnose what's really causing the problem because these symptoms overlap with other sleep disorders. Survey study, 2026 What menstrual cycle symptoms do people experience and how much do they interfere with daily life? Most symptoms cause modest interference with daily life, but distress is highest during menstruation. Pain and discomfort are the strongest predictors of difficulty with daily activities. Review, 2026 How much do PMS and menstrual disorders affect women's work, school, and quality of life? Significantly. PMS and related menstrual disorders reduce quality of life, mental health, and work productivity. Most productivity loss comes from working while unwell rather than missing work. Survey study, 2026 Is the German Menstrual Distress Questionnaire a reliable tool? Yes, the German version is reliable and valid for measuring menstrual distress. 36.4% of women in the study scored above the threshold for significant distress. Systematic review, 2026 What psychosocial and behavioral factors are linked to worse PMDD symptoms? This systematic review of 12 studies with 2,486 participants found that family history of PMS, dysmenorrhea, and earlier menarche consistently linked to worse PMDD. Associations with depression, stress, and exercise showed mixed results. Survey study, 2025 Do menstrual problems and poor sleep affect mood and thinking in teenage girls? Yes. Clear links exist between menstrual pain or PMS symptoms and anxiety, depression, and social problems in adolescent girls. Sleep also matters. Girls with later bedtimes or shorter sleep plus pain had worse mood and thinking problems. Survey study, 2025 Do adverse childhood experiences increase PMS and menstrual symptoms in adulthood? Yes. Women who experienced four or more adverse childhood experiences were nearly three times more likely to have severe premenstrual symptoms and more than five times as likely to have PMDD compared to those with fewer or no adverse experiences. Systematic review, 2025 Does curcumin supplement help reduce PMS and period pain symptoms? This review of 10 randomized controlled trials found that curcumin showed promise for reducing PMS and dysmenorrhea symptoms. Six out of 10 trials reported significant symptom reduction, and inflammatory markers were affected. Survey study, 2025 Does menstruation affect how well women perform at work? Yes. On days when women were menstruating, they reported lower ability to control their emotions and regulate themselves, which led to worse task performance, less helping of colleagues, and more withdrawing from work. Pain made this effect stronger. Randomised trial, 2025 Does video-based Pilates exercise reduce PMS symptoms, stress, and pain? Pilates exercise significantly reduced stress and pain severity. However, when comparing the two groups, the overall PMS symptom improvement was not statistically different. Cohort study, 2025 Does blood flow to the head increase during premenstrual headaches? Yes. Women with premenstrual headaches had significantly increased blood flow in head arteries during premenstrual headache episodes compared to headache-free periods, likely related to dropping progesterone levels. Randomised trial, 2025 Can machine learning predict which young women will have PMS? Yes. A computer model could identify women with PMS with fair accuracy. Key predictors were personality traits and life experiences, particularly neuroticism, mindfulness level, history of painful periods, emotional abuse, and frequent painkiller use. Cohort study, 2025 Does PMS or other menstrual problems increase the risk of asthma later in life? Yes. Women who had heavy menstrual bleeding, severe period pain, or PMS from their 20s to 40s had 62-67% higher odds of asthma in their 40s. Survey study, 2025 Are menstrual problems connected to depression? Yes, strongly. Women with severe menstrual problems had significantly higher rates of depression. Those with severe PMS had twice the risk of definite depression compared to women without PMS. Survey study, 2025 How do PMS and PMDD affect work performance, and do birth control pills help? PMDD most substantially increased the risk of work problems. Birth control pills significantly reduced work problems only for PMDD, not for PMS. Systematic review, 2025 Does being physically active help with period pain and PMS? Yes, women with higher physical activity levels have significantly lower rates of period pain and PMS. Most studies were observational rather than experimental, so we cannot confirm that exercise causes these improvements. Survey study, 2025 How do employed women seek relief for premenstrual and menstrual symptoms at work? Women with severe symptoms and work-related pain are more likely to use heat and painkillers. Their approach depends on the type of work they do. Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and painful periods among female medical students in Saudi Arabia, and what causes them? Both are very common - 78.33% have PMS and 75.67% have painful periods. Young age, not being married, stress, fatty foods, and coffee drinking increase the risk. Survey study, 2025 Do menstrual problems lower well-being through anxiety? Premenstrual symptoms and menstrual pain lower well-being both directly and through worry about the future. Other menstrual problems like irregular bleeding only affect well-being through causing worry. Randomised trial, 2025 Does curcumin reduce PMS and period pain symptoms? Yes, somewhat. Women taking curcumin showed modest but statistically significant improvements in PMS and period pain symptoms by the second menstrual cycle compared to placebo. Randomised trial, 2025 Does cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy reduce period pain and PMS symptoms? Yes. Hypnotherapy significantly reduced period pain, PMS symptoms, and improved women's emotional regulation. Survey study, 2025 Do women with ringing in the ears have more menstrual problems? Yes. Women with ringing in their ears are more likely to have severe menstrual pain from a known cause and heavy periods, even after accounting for other factors like age and stress. Survey study, 2024 Does poor sleep and period problems affect teen mental health? Yes. Teenagers with irregular periods, PMS, or menstrual pain had more anxiety and sadness, especially those sleeping less or going to bed later. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among adolescent girls and what factors are linked to it? PMS affects 59.2% of adolescent girls in Goa, India, and is linked to earlier first period, heavier menstrual bleeding, and period pain. Certainty is moderate. Cohort study, 2024 Does the COVID-19 booster vaccine affect menstrual cycles in adolescent girls? Yes. Girls who received the booster had shorter cycles on average, with cycles being 5.35 days shorter than before vaccination, especially in the second cycle after vaccination. Higher stress was also linked to shorter cycles. Study, 2024 Does a combination of evening primrose oil, tocotrienol, and vitamin B6 reduce premenstrual symptoms? Yes. In women with PMS taking this combination for 3 months, premenstrual symptoms improved significantly. The overall PMS score dropped by 61.03%, menstrual pain dropped by 75.20%, and breast tenderness dropped by 82.54%. Cohort study, 2024 Does shift work or clean room environments worsen PMS and menstrual pain? Yes. Shift workers had 1.20-1.30 times higher risk of multiple PMS symptoms including fatigue and menstrual irregularity. Clean room workers had higher menstrual pain. Survey study, 2024 Can period-related symptoms predict whether female cyclists manipulate their periods? Reduced ability to tolerate workouts predicts menstrual manipulation among Australian cyclists, but specific symptoms do not. This is moderate-strength evidence. Study, 2024 When women suspected of having PMDD are tracked for 3 months, how many actually meet the full criteria? About two-thirds (65.3%) of women with suspected PMDD actually met the full criteria for PMDD when their symptoms were tracked for 3 months. Survey study, 2024 Does diet affect menstrual disorders including PMS? Yes, poor diet and low physical activity are linked to menstrual disorders including PMS. Women following a Mediterranean diet and exercising regularly had better menstrual health. Survey study, 2024 Do health habits like exercise and sleep affect PMS and period pain? Yes. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and an active sex life reduced dysmenorrhea and PMS symptoms, while oversleeping, poor diet, and low activity increased symptoms. The study is large but observational, so we can't prove these habits cause the improvements. Randomised trial, 2024 Does myofascial release help reduce pain and PMS symptoms in women with scoliosis? Yes, myofascial release combined with corrective exercises improved spinal alignment, quality of life, and PMS symptoms more than exercises alone, though both groups improved. Systematic review, 2024 How do turmeric and curcumin help with PMS and dysmenorrhea? Turmeric and curcumin reduce PMS and dysmenorrhea through anti-inflammatory and mood-improving effects, but larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the best doses. Review, 2024 Does yoga help reduce period pain and premenstrual symptoms? A review of 7 studies found that yoga may help reduce pain in dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome. However, evidence is limited since this is a review of other studies rather than testing yoga directly. Cohort study, 2024 How does physical activity relate to PMS in women? There is a clear link between physical activity and PMS severity. Women who were more physically active and had normal weight appeared to have less severe PMS. Study, 2024 How do lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and stress affect menstrual health and PMS? Lifestyle factors significantly affect menstrual health and PMS. A balanced diet with adequate vitamins, regular exercise, good stress management, and healthy weight can reduce PMS symptoms, while poor nutrition, high stress, extreme weight, and substance use make them worse. Survey study, 2024 What menstrual and mental health factors are linked to high-risk premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Heavy periods, irregular cycles, severe period pain, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and low resilience were all linked to higher PMDD risk. Resilience might help buffer the effects of anxiety and depression. About half of students studied had high-risk PMDD. Survey study, 2024 What attitudes do women have about menstruation and what affects these attitudes? Women view their periods as natural, bothersome, or shameful depending on their personal history and current experiences, including how they felt at menarche, menstrual pain, contraceptive use, body image, and comfort with sexuality. Interview study, 2024 How do young women use period tracker apps to manage their menstrual cycles? Most young women use period tracker apps mainly to predict their next period. The apps help women understand their cycles better, but they need to be more accurate and provide better education. Cohort study, 2024 Does exposure to phthalates (chemicals in plastics) affect menstrual cycle characteristics? Possibly, but only slightly. Some phthalate metabolites were associated with shorter cycles and reduced bleeding duration, but most associations were weak or absent. The evidence is limited. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD among university students and what factors increase the risk? PMDD affected 64.6% of university graduating students. Severe menstrual pain, irregular periods, and depression were the strongest linked factors. Survey study, 2024 Does poor sleep quality cause menstrual problems and reduced egg supply in women of childbearing age? Yes. Women with chronic insomnia had very high rates of PMS (74.5%) and irregular periods (78.4%). In women aged 36 to 40, insomnia lasting over one year was linked to reduced egg reserve (odds ratio 4.5). Survey study, 2024 Did COVID-19 stress cause changes in menstrual cycles? Yes, the pandemic was linked to menstrual cycle changes, and women with these changes were more likely to have depression and sleep problems, though the study can't prove stress caused the changes. Cohort study, 2024 Does Vitex supplement improve menstrual cycle problems and quality of life? Yes, after 3 months of treatment, most women showed improvement in irregular periods, pain, and breast tenderness. Quality of life improved for all participants. Study, 2023 Does aerobic exercise or yoga work better for PMS symptoms? Both aerobic exercise and yoga reduced PMS symptoms, but aerobic exercise was more effective than yoga. Cohort study, 2023 Do girls with intellectual disability have worse menstrual quality of life? Girls with intellectual disability had similar menstrual patterns to other girls, but experienced significantly lower quality of life during menstruation and missed much more school due to periods. Cohort study, 2023 Does COVID-19 vaccination change the menstrual cycle? About 25% of vaccinated people reported temporary menstrual changes, most after the second dose. The vaccines are safe and effective, but the study could not determine whether changes were caused by the vaccine or are normal cycle variation. Cohort study, 2023 Can we predict which nurses will get PMS based on their lifestyle and work conditions? Yes, researchers created a model that could accurately predict which nurses would develop PMS by looking at sleep quality, stress, anxiety, depression, caffeine intake, workplace bullying, and menstrual cycle patterns. The model showed good prediction ability in both test and validation datasets. Randomised trial, 2023 Does curcumin help with sleep problems in women with PMS and period pain? No. Both the curcumin and placebo groups improved similarly, with no significant difference between them. Randomised trial, 2023 Does curcumin improve memory and thinking in women with PMS and period pain? Yes. Women taking curcumin had significant improvements in memory, attention, and overall thinking abilities compared to placebo. Survey study, 2023 What factors make premenstrual syndrome worse in nursing students? The study found that PMS is linked to menstrual pain, poor sleep, neuroticism (a personality trait), and stress. These factors together explain about 44% of why some students have worse PMS than others. Survey study, 2023 What factors make PMS worse in college students? Depression, stress, sleep problems, and eating attitude problems are all linked to worse PMS. Most students had symptoms severe enough to be called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Systematic review, 2023 Is poor sleep linked to menstrual problems like PMS and painful periods? Yes. Thirty-five studies found that PMS and painful periods are associated with poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, difficulty sleeping, and short sleep duration. Survey study, 2023 What menstrual problems do adolescent girls experience? Adolescent girls commonly experience painful periods, heavy periods, and irregular cycles. These problems are often not reported but can affect school attendance and daily life. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in secondary school students and what makes it more likely? About 6 out of 10 secondary school girls had PMS. Girls with period pain, a family history of PMS, or who were overweight were more likely to have PMS, while girls with normal weight were less likely. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? In 430 rural girls, 8.8% had PMDD and 17.4% had PMS. PMDD was significantly linked to depression, anxiety, menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and family type. Survey study, 2023 How common are menstrual problems in university students, and do they affect quality of life? Menstrual problems are extremely common, with 98% reporting some problem. The most common are premenstrual symptoms and period pain, both of which significantly reduce quality of life and school attendance. Review, 2023 Does the menstrual cycle affect sleep? Yes, women with PMS or period pain often have poorer sleep quality during the premenstrual phase and menstruation. Even women without these symptoms show changes in sleep brain activity during the luteal phase when progesterone is high. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD in high school girls, and what factors increase risk? About 1 in 3 high school girls have moderate-severe PMS and 1 in 8 have PMDD. Dysmenorrhea, poor general health, family history of PMS, and excess salt intake increase risk. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in Jordan and what factors are linked to it? 94% of Jordanian women had PMS. Factors significantly linked to it included BMI, family history, smoking, herbal tea consumption, and food cravings. Survey study, 2022 How common are PMS and PMDD? Are stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems related to them? About 22.49% of women have PMS and 1.36% have PMDD. Women with these conditions have much higher stress, anxiety, and depression and worse sleep than women without them. Survey study, 2022 How common are PMS and menstrual problems in women on kidney dialysis? Very common. 70% had PMS and 58% had dysmenorrhea. Several medical factors including hypertension, autoimmune disease, and hepatitis C infection increased risk. Review, 2022 Did COVID-19 cause changes in women's menstrual cycles and premenstrual syndrome? The review examined reports of menstrual cycle changes during COVID-19, including bleeding changes and increased premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Insufficient data exists to know how widespread these changes were. Cohort study, 2022 Does depression after pregnancy affect when periods return and how severe menstrual symptoms are? Women with higher depression scores at 6 months postpartum were more likely to have their periods return within 6 months. Women whose menstrual symptoms worsened had higher depression scores, but this wasn't confirmed when adjusted for other factors. Survey study, 2022 Is a shorter PMS symptom questionnaire as good as the full version? Yes. A 9-item version works as well as the original 14-item questionnaire for detecting PMS symptoms and is quicker to complete. Study, 2022 Does COVID-19 infection affect menstrual cycles? COVID-19 infection causes menstrual cycle changes in more than half of infected women, though most cycles return to normal within a year. Randomised trial, 2022 Does curcumin help raise vitamin D levels in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea? Curcumin increased vitamin D more than placebo. Both groups improved, and the effect was statistically significant but modest. Survey study, 2022 Did the COVID-19 pandemic change women's periods and mental health? Yes. More than half of women reported changes in their menstrual cycle, including more heavy bleeding, painful periods, and missed periods. Rates of depression, anxiety, and poor sleep were more than double what is normal, and these were connected to menstrual changes. Survey study, 2022 Do female athletes get enough knowledge and support about their period? No. Most lack knowledge and rarely discuss menstrual health with coaches. 81% said it is taboo in sports. Survey study, 2022 Do menstrual cycles and birth control affect female athletes' training and performance? Most female athletes experience menstrual symptoms like period pain and premenstrual syndrome that affect how they perceive their performance. Only 18% plan their training around these issues. Survey study, 2022 Is severe period pain and PMS linked to stress and missing school in medical students? Yes, both severe period pain and PMS are strongly linked to higher stress levels and missing classes among female medical students. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among female college students in China and what increases the risk? About 51% had PMS. Anxiety, stress, smartphone addiction, and painful periods increased risk. Getting more sleep was protective. Survey study, 2022 Does regular exercise reduce period symptoms? Women who exercise regularly have less severe period symptoms, especially mood changes and social withdrawal before their period. This observational study cannot prove exercise causes the improvement. Survey study, 2021 Did COVID-19 stress make PMS worse for young women? Young women who experienced trauma symptoms from COVID-19 had more severe PMS symptoms than those without trauma. This observational study cannot prove that COVID stress causes worse PMS. Case-control study, 2021 Can TSH level and premenstrual spotting help diagnose endometriosis without surgery? High TSH levels and premenstrual spotting might help identify endometriosis, though neither marker alone is definitive. A diagnosis still typically requires surgery to confirm. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS in women of reproductive age and what increases the risk? 47% of 500 women aged 15-49 had PMS. Being younger (15-46), single, a smoker, having painful periods, or having a family history of PMS increased the risk. This is one region so results may differ elsewhere. Randomised trial, 2021 Does curcumin help with PMS and period pain? Curcumin reduced PMS symptoms and period pain about as well as placebo did, suggesting it may not be more effective than placebo. The study cannot tell us if curcumin truly helps for sure. Review, 2021 Do herbal products help with PMS? Chaste tree shows effectiveness for PMS, but more research is needed. Evidence for other herbs is still developing. Survey study, 2021 Is there a reliable tool to measure menstrual distress? Researchers created MEDI-Q, a 25-question questionnaire that reliably measures menstrual distress and can identify women experiencing significant period-related problems. Interview study, 2021 How common is PMDD in female university students and what increases the risk? About 21.1% of university students have PMDD. Medical students face higher risk, as do women with heavier periods and certain personality traits like higher anxiety and lower sociability. Case-control study, 2021 Does period pain only affect you during your period? No. Women with dysmenorrhea had worse balance and coordination problems both during menstruation and on days when they felt well, suggesting it affects them continuously. Systematic review, 2021 Can the herb lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) ease PMS and period pain? It looks promising. Pooling several small trials found lemon balm reduced PMS symptom severity more than the comparison group, but the evidence base is still too small to be sure. Survey study, 2021 How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect women's menstrual cycles and symptoms? Nearly half of women reported worsening of their PMS symptoms during the pandemic. Many also reported changes in their menstrual bleeding, increased period pain, and missed periods. Survey study, 2020 Do athletic students have less PMS and period pain than non-athletic students? Athletic and non-athletic students have similar rates of PMS. Nearly all students in both groups experience period pain. Athletes reported somewhat more pain intensity than non-athletes, but the overall PMS severity scores were similar between groups. Survey study, 2020 What factors predict which women will develop PMDD symptoms? How much women ruminate or worry about their problems and having a specific type of period pain are linked to PMDD. Stress and drug use were not linked. The researchers were able to predict PMDD symptoms correctly 90% of the time using these factors. Survey study, 2020 Is period pain common in Polish women and what causes it? Period pain is very common, affecting 94% of Polish women. It's linked to family history, lack of exercise, and low self-esteem, though this is a cross-sectional study so we cannot be sure these things cause it. Survey study, 2020 Do rural and urban adolescent girls have different menstrual cycle patterns? Yes, significantly. Rural and urban girls differ in period pain, PMS symptoms, menstrual flow, and practices. Rural girls also know less about their menstrual cycles. Cohort study, 2020 How common are PMS and painful periods in female medical students, and do they affect school attendance? Very common. 68% of the 100 students had PMS and 45% had painful periods. Both conditions were linked to missing classes and to being overweight or physically inactive. Survey study, 2020 Does poor sleep worsen PMS and other menstrual problems? Yes, strongly. Women with poor sleep quality or insomnia are significantly more likely to have irregular periods, heavy bleeding, painful periods, and PMS. Those with insomnia are 1.93 times more likely to have PMS. Case-control study, 2020 Does height affect menstrual patterns in adolescent girls? Yes, girls with shorter height had more severe menstrual cramps. However, the age when periods started was similar across all heights, ranging from 12.2 to 12.7 years. Survey study, 2019 Does exam stress make PMS symptoms worse? Yes. Among medical students preparing for exams, 93.2% with moderate stress had PMS compared to 73.1% with mild stress. However, this was measured at one time point during exams, so we cannot prove stress causes PMS. Systematic review, 2019 Does aromatherapy with herbs help reduce PMS and period pain? Yes. Aromatherapy with lavender and rose significantly reduced period pain and premenstrual symptoms compared to no treatment. Randomised trial, 2019 Can menstrual apps designed for user needs improve health outcomes? Yes. Apps designed to meet users' needs led to better symptom tracking, higher satisfaction, and improved confidence in managing symptoms. Cohort study, 2019 How do exercise, diet and weight affect menstrual problems? Lack of exercise and poor diet are linked to more menstrual symptoms, and higher weight is linked to both PMS and period pain. The evidence is moderate but cannot prove these cause the symptoms. Survey study, 2019 What lifestyle and sleep habits are linked to PMS in teenage girls? In Japanese high school students, poor sleep quality, long internet use, skipping breakfast, and not playing sports were linked to higher PMS risk, with menstrual pain being the strongest risk factor. This is observational so we cannot be sure these habits cause PMS. Survey study, 2019 What menstrual problems do international students develop when they move to China? Almost half of the international students reported menstrual pattern changes after arriving. Premenstrual symptoms were the most common problem, affecting about one in three students. High stress levels were linked to menstrual changes and period pain. Survey study, 2019 How common are PMS and PMDD in adolescent girls, and how much do they affect daily life? 19.3% of girls aged 8-23 had moderate to severe PMS and 4.6% had PMDD. Nearly 1 in 4 girls missed school because of symptoms, showing PMS significantly disrupts their education. Older age, painful periods, heavy periods, high stress, and having a mother with PMS all increased risk. Randomised trial, 2019 Does diet and aerobic exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, both diet and aerobic exercise reduced PMS symptoms and period pain over three months. Individual interventions showed clear improvements. Cohort study, 2018 Do women with PMS or period pain use more complementary therapies like vitamins or yoga over time? Yes. Over 7 years, Australian women's use of vitamins, yoga, massage and similar therapies linked to PMS and period problems went up, but this study can't say whether those therapies actually worked. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does high-dose vitamin D help with PMS and period pain in teenagers? Yes, high-dose vitamin D significantly reduced PMS from 14.9% to 4.8% over 9 weeks. The study also found improvements in painful periods and specific symptoms like backache. Review, 2018 How does the menstrual cycle affect sleep? Sleep quality is worse during the premenstrual phase and during menstruation, especially if you have PMS or period pain. The week before your period also involves less REM sleep and changes in body temperature. Survey study, 2018 How many university students have menstrual problems, and is stress related to them? 91% of the students studied had some kind of menstrual problem. Stress was clearly linked to worse menstrual problems, including pain, absent periods, and premenstrual symptoms. This is a large study but cannot prove stress causes the problems. Survey study, 2018 Do women who exercise regularly have fewer PMS and period pain symptoms than sedentary women? Yes. Sedentary women had significantly more period pain (82% vs 46%) and more PMS symptoms like depressed mood, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. Survey study, 2018 How common are premenstrual symptoms in female workers, and does exercise help? Fatigue (24%), backache (21.2%), and abdominal bloating (17.4%) were the most common symptoms. Women who exercised regularly reported significantly fewer backaches, less irritability, depression, and less crying. Survey study, 2017 Does painful menstruation affect adolescent girls' mood, emotions, sleep, and thinking? Yes. Girls with painful periods had higher depression, aggression, and sleep problems compared to girls without painful periods. However, thinking ability was not affected. Girls with only PMS (without pain) were similar to girls without either condition. Survey study, 2017 How common is PMDD in young women in Ethiopia and what factors increase risk? 26.8 percent of students had PMDD. Women with irregular periods, menstrual pain, or not using family planning methods were significantly more likely to have it. Survey study, 2017 How common are PMS and PMDD, and how much do they affect women's daily life? About one in five young women have PMS and one in 14 have PMDD. Both cause real problems with work and school productivity. Cohort study, 2017 How does stress relate to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Perceived stress and stress from adjusting to a new culture were the strongest links to symptom severity in Korean international students. In Korean domestic students, a history of sexual abuse was the strongest link. Survey study, 2016 How do women use complementary and alternative medicine for menstrual pain? Many women use it, especially herbal remedies and supplements, usually without a healthcare provider's guidance. Most women think these treatments work, but there is limited scientific evidence about how well they actually do. Survey study, 2016 How common are menstrual problems in teenage girls? Among 285 teenage girls in Egypt, about 66% had period pain, 56% had PMS, and various cycle disorders affected about 8 to 9 percent of girls. Randomised trial, 2016 Does using birth control pills with fewer pill-free days reduce menstrual symptoms? Yes. Using birth control pills with shorter pill-free intervals (fewer days off the pill) reduces menstrual bleeding and related inflammation, which decreases physical and mental symptoms. Cohort study, 2016 How many Australian women have PMS and do they use complementary medicine? 41.2% of women aged 34-39 reported PMS. Women with PMS used complementary medicine practitioners and therapies significantly more often than those without. Randomised trial, 2015 Does aerobic exercise or fennel reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. After 8 weeks, symptoms were significantly reduced in all intervention groups (fennel, exercise, or both) compared to no treatment, with the combination especially helpful for anxiety and depression. Case-control study, 2015 Do women with fibromyalgia have more premenstrual syndrome and period pain than other women? Yes. Women with fibromyalgia were significantly more likely to have PMS (42% vs 25%) and period pain (41% vs 28%) than healthy women. Study, 2015 Does treating the uterus with injections and freezing help severe PMS and PMDD? Women in this study who received cervical injections and freezing showed very large improvements in their PMS and PMDD symptoms. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS and other menstrual problems in teenage girls? Very common. 95% of girls who completed the survey reported some menstrual disorder, and 65% had PMS symptoms. Review, 2015 Does inflammation during menstruation cause PMS and related symptoms? This review suggests that inflammation caused by dropping estrogen and progesterone at menstruation causes menstrual and premenstrual symptoms including mood changes, headaches, and joint pain. Reducing the hormone-free interval in birth control from 7 to 2 days reduces inflammation and symptoms. Randomised trial, 2015 Does zinc supplement help dysmenorrhea and PMS symptoms? Yes. Taking zinc supplements for 4 days before menstruation reduced period pain severity, improved menstrual bleeding, and reduced symptoms like headache, dizziness, and muscle pain compared to placebo. Survey study, 2014 Does painful periods affect sleep? Yes. Women with painful periods had worse sleep quality, took longer to fall asleep, and woke more frequently during the night. Sleep quality was best around the time of ovulation. Survey study, 2014 Are depression and anxiety linked to period pain in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with painful periods had higher anxiety and depression scores than those without. Girls with the most severe form of PMS had much higher scores. Survey study, 2014 How many university students have dysmenorrhea and PMS, and what causes them? 85.1% had dysmenorrhea and 72.8% had PMS. Family history was the strongest risk factor for both. Regular menstrual cycles were protective against dysmenorrhea. Cohort study, 2014 Is spotting before the period a sign of endometriosis? Yes. Women with premenstrual spotting lasting 2 or more days were much more likely to have endometriosis, making this symptom a strong predictor of the condition. Randomised trial, 2014 How do menstrual cycle phase and depression affect smoking withdrawal symptoms? Depression level was more strongly linked to withdrawal symptoms than menstrual phase. However, the combination of depression and menstrual phase may worsen mood and period pain. Randomised trial, 2014 Does vitamin B1 reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Vitamin B1 reduced mental symptoms by 35 percent and physical symptoms by 21 percent compared to placebo. Survey study, 2012 How common are PMS and dysmenorrhea in medical students, and do they affect school performance? PMS is common in medical students but usually mild to moderate. Dysmenorrhea affects 67% and is linked to worse school performance. Diet changes may help reduce symptoms. Review, 2012 How common is PMS and PMDD in adolescents and how should doctors treat it? PMS and PMDD most often start in adolescence and significantly affect quality of life. Doctors need to be cautious with medicines in this age group because side effects may be worse for adolescents than adults. Survey study, 2012 What menstrual problems are most common in nursing students? Irregular periods and PMS are very common, affecting 80.7% and 54% of students respectively. Many said these problems affected their daily activities and schoolwork. Survey study, 2012 Is there a link between premenstrual symptoms and period pain in teenage girls? Yes, girls with worse period pain are more likely to have moderate-to-severe PMS or PMDD. However, this shows correlation, not which problem causes the other. Survey study, 2012 Does core stability exercise reduce menstrual pain and PMS? Yes. Women who did core stability exercises had clear improvement in both menstrual pain and PMS symptoms, while women who did not exercise had minimal changes. Survey study, 2011 How common are period pain and PMS in Korean teenage girls? Very common. 82% of girls experienced painful periods and 58.8% experienced PMS symptoms. Most girls didn't seek medical help. Survey study, 2011 What medications do young women use for period cramps? Young women in Taiwan use both Western medicines like Panadol and traditional Chinese medicines like Si-Wu-Tang. Women with more symptoms were more likely to use any type of medication. Survey study, 2011 How common is PMS in working women, and do they know about it? Between 38% and 74% of working women have PMS depending on which diagnostic criteria are used. Most women did not know what PMS was and rarely saw doctors about it. Survey study, 2011 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Turkish college students and how does it affect quality of life? Premenstrual syndrome was found in 72.1% of college students and was strongly associated with significantly reduced quality of life. Survey study, 2011 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Sri Lankan adolescent schoolgirls and how does it affect them? About 8.75% of Sri Lankan adolescent schoolgirls have premenstrual syndrome. It significantly interferes with school activities, relationships, and daily routines. Randomised trial, 2011 Does sumatriptan-naproxen help women with period migraines and period pain function better? Yes, women given the combination drug reported higher satisfaction, better work productivity, and less functional disability compared to placebo at 24 hours. Review, 2011 What health benefits do birth control pills have? Birth control pills reduce symptoms of heavy periods and period pain, lower PMDD symptoms, reduce acne, and lower the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. Modern pills have lower estrogen doses than older ones and carry less cardiovascular risk. Survey study, 2010 How many female students have PMS and what causes it? About half of female students (49.7%) have PMS. Having painful periods, a mother with PMS, and irregular periods after starting university were linked to higher PMS risk. Cohort study, 2009 Does treating heavy periods with endometrial ablation help period pain and premenstrual mood symptoms? Yes. When women had endometrial ablation (a procedure that reduces menstrual bleeding), both period pain and premenstrual mood symptoms like irritability and depression improved over 3 and 6 months. Survey study, 2009 What premenstrual symptoms do Nigerian university women have and what factors are linked to them? About half of Nigerian university women had premenstrual symptoms at rates similar to Western countries, with breast tenderness being the most common symptom. Cohort study, 2008 How common is PMS in medical students and how much does it affect their quality of life? 51% of medical students had PMS, with 5.8% having severe PMDD. PMS significantly impaired their mental and physical quality of life and academic performance. Survey study, 2008 What factors are linked to PMS in Thai nurses? Coffee consumption and having a negative attitude toward menstruation are the strongest factors linked to PMS in this group. 25.1% of Thai nurses have PMS. Cohort study, 2007 Does the combined oral contraceptive pill improve quality of life for women with PMS? Yes, the pill improved quality of life for women taking it for menstrual pain and PMS symptoms. Women taking it only for contraception had mixed results. Survey study, 2007 Are period pain and premenstrual symptoms connected? Yes. Students who had premenstrual symptoms reported more painful periods. Those with irregular periods also reported worse pain than those with regular cycles. Survey study, 2006 What menstrual problems do adolescent girls experience? Most adolescent girls in Malaysia experience premenstrual syndrome (74.6 percent) or painful periods (69.4 percent). More than one-third have irregular cycle lengths, but few seek medical care. Survey study, 2006 How common is PMS in teenage girls in the UAE and how much does it affect them? PMS affects 16.4% of teenage schoolgirls in the UAE and seriously impacts their school performance, social interactions, and emotional wellbeing. Randomised trial, 2004 Does a dietary supplement called Karinat help premenstrual syndrome and breast pain? Yes, Karinat improved symptoms in 75.8% of women, which was 45.5 percentage points more than those taking placebo. Randomised trial, 2003 Does Neptune Krill Oil help with PMS and period pain? Yes, it significantly reduced PMS symptoms and period pain, and worked better than fish oil for managing overall PMS symptoms. Case-control study, 2003 Does birth control pill use improve or worsen premenstrual mood? The pill doesn't affect mood in most women. Mood is most likely to worsen in women with a history of depression, and most likely to improve in women with early-onset premenstrual symptoms or painful periods. Case-control study, 2003 Do IBS symptoms change across the menstrual cycle and vary by contraceptive use? Women with IBS have higher symptom severity than controls, and symptoms vary by menstrual cycle phase and bowel pattern type. Oral contraceptive use did not significantly change most IBS symptoms. Survey study, 2002 What does research show about period pain and discomfort? A review of 33 research papers from 1992-1999 shows that period pain and discomfort are common, often occur together with other symptoms including mood changes, and meaningfully affect women's daily life. Seven categories of treatment approaches were identified. Case-control study, 2002 Does mercury exposure at work affect period pain and menstrual symptoms? Yes, women exposed to mercury vapor at work have significantly higher rates of period pain and cramping. Since this is observational research, it shows association but not definite causation. Review, 2002 Does the new oral contraceptive Yasmin improve premenstrual symptoms and well-being? Yes. Women with premenstrual symptoms who took Yasmin showed improved well-being scores and fewer physical symptoms compared to before starting the medication. Survey study, 2002 Can a computer program track period symptoms as accurately as traditional methods? Yes. A computer-based tracking system measured period blood loss, period pain, and PMS symptoms as accurately as traditional paper methods. Most women preferred the computer tool. Case-control study, 2002 Do menstrual characteristics and PMS differ in women with Parkinson's disease? Overall, women with Parkinson's disease had similar menstrual characteristics and PMS rates as healthy women. However, women whose disease started before menopause had notably more severe PMS and dysmenorrhea than those with later disease onset. Review, 2001 What health benefits does the oral contraceptive pill provide? The oral contraceptive pill has proven benefits including protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers, preventing serious infections and pregnancy complications, and preventing anemia. It can also treat painful periods, heavy bleeding, acne, and endometriosis pain. Review, 2001 What medical problems can the levonorgestrel intrauterine device treat? The levonorgestrel IUD can treat heavy periods, period pain, and prevent anemia. It may also help endometriosis pain, though this is based on a review article rather than new clinical research. Randomised trial, 2000 Is drospirenone-based birth control as effective as desogestrel-based, and which is better tolerated? Both prevent pregnancy equally well. The drospirenone-based pill caused less weight gain and reduced PMS symptoms more during treatment. Randomised trial, 2000 Does a low-fat vegetarian diet reduce period pain and premenstrual symptoms? Yes. The diet increased a hormone-binding protein that reduces active estrogen, lowered body weight, and decreased both period pain duration and premenstrual symptoms. Randomised trial, 2000 Does a nicotine patch help reduce smoking cravings and premenstrual symptoms? Yes, a nicotine patch reduced smoking cravings and some premenstrual symptoms including pain and water retention, with the strongest effects during the late luteal phase. Case-control study, 2000 Do women with panic disorder have different menstrual cycle patterns in anxiety and stress response? Yes. Women with panic disorder showed stronger physical stress responses during the premenstrual phase and higher anxiety-related symptoms overall compared to controls. Survey study, 1999 How common are menstrual problems in teenage girls and do they relate to early puberty? Menstrual pain was very common (69.60%), and over half the girls (51.20%) had PMS symptoms. Girls who started menstruating earlier experienced significantly more menstrual pain. Case-control study, 1998 Do women with PMS get hot flashes? Most women with PMS experience episodes like hot flashes. They happen about 5.6 times per cycle on average, much more often than in women without cycle-related symptoms. Study, 1998 What are the best treatments for PMS? Treatment depends on your specific symptoms. For some women, exercise and diet help. Others need medicines like hormones or psychiatric drugs. Cohort study, 1995 Do premenstrual pain and swelling change with the seasons? No. Premenstrual pain and swelling did not worsen during dark months. Facial pain and mood distress did show seasonal patterns, but premenstrual pain and water retention did not. Cohort study, 1995 Is premenstrual and menstrual depression linked to pain and menstrual bleeding? Premenstrual and menstrual depression is strongly associated with pain during these times, though the relationship with bleeding is weaker. It remains unclear whether depression makes pain feel worse, pain triggers depression, or another factor causes both. Study, 1995 Do women who exercise have fewer PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who exercise regularly experience better mood and fewer symptoms before and during their period compared to sedentary women. However, competitive athletes did not show this benefit. Randomised trial, 1993 Do essential fatty acids help premenstrual syndrome? No. Essential fatty acids did not reduce PMS symptoms compared to placebo. Some improvement was seen over time but was likely due to placebo effect or the act of being in a study. Study, 1993 Are the symptoms of PMS different from heavy periods and severe period pain? No. Women with PMS, heavy periods, and severe period pain have many overlapping symptoms. Depression is the main symptom that makes women seek help for PMS, and it is linked to cycle timing, personality, and bleeding severity. Cohort study, 1993 Are premenstrual symptoms linked to emotional distress in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with premenstrual symptoms had significantly more emotional distress than those without, but period pain alone was not linked to emotional distress. Cohort study, 1993 Does rollerball endometrial ablation work for very heavy periods? Yes. Most women had much lighter periods or stopped bleeding entirely, and many experienced less period pain and fewer premenstrual symptoms. Study, 1993 Do birth control pills change PMS symptoms? Birth control pills reduced menstrual pain and breast tenderness. However, they didn't clearly help with food cravings or clumsiness, and may have actually made negative mood less likely to improve during menstruation. Study, 1991 Does exposure to DES before birth affect period symptoms in adult women? Mostly no. Women exposed to DES in the womb reported similar period symptoms to unexposed women. The only possible difference was slightly more water retention symptoms in the exposed group. Case-control study, 1991 How common are premenstrual symptoms in teenage girls, and what factors affect them? 80% of teenage girls had at least one premenstrual symptom, with 25% experiencing pain that severely interfered with daily activities. Symptoms varied by ethnic background and smoking. Randomised trial, 1989 What causes PMS and how should adolescents with it be treated? The exact cause of PMS is not yet known. Adolescents with PMS should be managed with reassurance, diet, and exercise rather than medication, because no single treatment has been proven effective in rigorous studies. Randomised trial, 1989 Does naproxen sodium help premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Naproxen sodium reduced premenstrual and menstrual pain much more effectively than placebo. It also improved behavioral symptoms, likely because pain relief helped women function better. Survey study, 1988 Do women with PMS have higher rates of postpartum depression and birth control side effects? Yes. Among women who had given birth, 62.6% of those with PMS had experienced postpartum depression compared to 41.4% without PMS. Among those with postpartum depression, 69.8% of PMS patients reported birth control side effects compared to 38.9% of controls. Study, 1987 What time of day does your period usually start? Periods most commonly start at night or early in the morning. In about one-third of cases, bleeding had already begun by the time women woke up. Randomised trial, 1987 Does eating less fat reduce menstrual and premenstrual symptoms? A low-fat diet reduced water retention symptoms during menstruation and the premenstrual week, and reduced arousal symptoms during the rest of the cycle. However, the type of fat (polyunsaturated versus saturated) did not matter. Survey study, 1987 What is the link between mental health problems and menstrual symptoms like PMS? Both psychiatric problems and personality traits linked to anxiety were significantly linked to PMS and period pain. The link suggests recent stressful life events and anxiety may play a role. Study, 1985 Does tubal sterilization increase menstrual problems? Women who had tubal sterilization had more menstrual problems than women whose partners had vasectomy, particularly after 2 years. They were more likely to have abnormal cycles, but not premenstrual symptoms. Survey study, 1985 Do stress and how you were raised affect premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Stress and traditional upbringing both influence premenstrual symptoms, especially mood changes. Mood changes appear to be the most important cause of premenstrual disability. Cohort study, 1985 How common are period symptoms in teenage girls? Period pain is very common, affecting 44 to 64% of girls, while pain before the period is less common. Symptoms vary widely between girls and often improve after the first few years of having periods. Randomised trial, 1984 Does mefenamic acid help premenstrual tension? Yes. 86 percent of women reported significant relief of premenstrual tension with mefenamic acid, and the drug appears to work by lowering prostaglandin levels. Survey study, 1982 How common are premenstrual symptoms in American women, and what factors affect them? Premenstrual symptoms are very common in American women, with over 30% experiencing weight gain, headache, mood changes, and other symptoms, though only 2% to 8% found them severe. Study, 1982 Can learning relaxation techniques help reduce menstrual pain? Yes. When women with menstrual pain learned relaxation and pain management in four sessions, they reported significant reductions in pain and discomfort, with improvements still present 18 months later. Study, 1982 Can very small doses of progesterone clear premenstrual symptoms? Yes. In women with PMS, 96% had symptoms completely or almost completely clear within 30 minutes when given a dose of progesterone determined by skin testing. Review, 1981 What causes period pain and how is it treated? Period pain is caused by increased muscle activity in the uterus and is effectively treated with birth control pills or medications called prostaglandin inhibitors. Study, 1979 What factors are linked to having prolonged menstrual periods? Prolonged periods are more common in women with irregular menstrual cycles, menstrual pain, high number of pregnancies, and IUD use. Psychological factors, smoking, and drinking are not more common in women with prolonged periods. Survey study, 1979 How common is painful periods and premenstrual tension in teenage girls? Very common and worsens with age. Painful periods ranged from 7.2% in the first menstrual year to 26% five years later, reaching 56.5% by ages 17 to 20. Painful periods run in families. Randomised trial, 1975 Does a combination of isoxsuprine, acetaminophen and caffeine help period pain and premenstrual tension? The drug combination was effective in 95 percent of women with premenstrual tension and 92.5 percent with period pain. This is an older study that doesn't clearly show placebo comparison. Cohort study, 2026 What menstrual and premenstrual problems do girls with intellectual disability experience? Adolescent girls with intellectual disability commonly experience painful periods (94.2%), severe pain (67.3%), and premenstrual mood and behavioral symptoms. Most need significant caregiver help with menstrual hygiene and require integrated support. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among college-going girls in India? More than half had some PMS symptoms. 27.5% had severe PMS and 3.5% had very severe PMS. Cohort study, 2026 Is there a link between excessive anxiety and mood changes during the menstrual cycle? Among female medical students during COVID, those who had a tendency to focus excessively on small details had more depression, sleep problems, and some perceived menstrual changes. However, this was just an observation, not proof of cause and effect. Survey study, 2026 Is anxiety linked to irregular menstrual cycles in teenage girls? Yes. Among 65 high school students in Indonesia, those with higher anxiety levels were significantly more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles. The relationship was strong and statistically significant. Survey study, 2026 Does low calcium intake relate to PMS in teenage girls? Girls with low calcium intake were more likely to have PMS and period pain. However, we cannot prove that eating more calcium would reduce PMS based on this snapshot study. Survey study, 2026 Is poor sleep linked to PMS and other period problems? Yes. In this study, women with worse sleep and insomnia symptoms were more likely to report PMS, painful periods, and irregular cycles, but this only shows a link, not that poor sleep causes these problems. Cohort study, 2026 How are meal timing and sleep timing associated with PMS symptoms and menstrual pain? Meal and sleep timing were associated with PMS symptoms and menstrual pain, but the connections differed between workdays and free days. Because this was a cross-sectional study, we cannot be sure if changing meal or sleep times would actually improve symptoms. Study, 2026 Does evening primrose oil help teenage girls and young women with menstrual cycle problems? 86.79% had improvements. Girls with PMS reported better sleep and memory. Those with PCOS reported better mood and appearance. Survey study, 2026 Is there a good way to measure menstrual symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Researchers developed a 12-item scale to measure menstrual symptoms in teenage girls. When different people used it to rate responses, they showed very strong agreement. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does high-intensity interval training help women with PMDD? In this study of 35 women with PMDD, 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training significantly reduced symptom severity, pain, and inflammation markers. There was no control group, so we cannot be certain the improvement came from exercise alone. Case report, 2026 Does homeopathic treatment help breast tenderness and irregular periods linked to high prolactin? In this one young woman with high prolactin levels and irregular painful periods, homeopathic treatment over three months reduced breast tenderness, regularized her periods, and improved her energy. We cannot say whether this would help other women or what factors contributed to the improvement. Case report, 2026 Can Korean medicine help severe period pain and premenstrual stomach problems? Yes. One 37-year-old woman had severe period pain improve from 8-9 to 0-1 on a pain scale, stopped needing painkillers, and her stomach problems resolved after 7 months of Korean medicine treatment. Survey study, 2026 Do adolescents have pain in multiple body areas during periods and does this connect to other symptoms? Yes. Adolescents had pain in an average of 2.8 body areas during menstruation, and widespread pain was significantly linked to more PMS symptoms, fatigue, sleep problems, and body sensitivity. Survey study, 2026 Can changing your diet help with period and PMS symptoms like fatigue, mood swings and bloating? This paper suggests certain foods may help, but it is not a real study on people, it is a write-up of general nutrition advice based on a newspaper health article, so it does not prove anything. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Can yoga reduce PMS pain in teenage girls? Yes, in this small study yoga therapy significantly reduced PMS pain intensity, but the study was small and had no comparison group. Study, 2026 How common is premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Premenstrual syndrome is very common in teenage girls. About 85.7% reported irritability, 60.7% had anger, 40.7% had headaches, and 8.5% had very severe symptoms. Survey study, 2026 What factors are linked to PMS in women aged 15-49? PMS was found in 68.4% of women. Younger age, sedentary lifestyle, junk food, high stress, irregular periods, and period pain were strongly linked to PMS. Lifestyle and stress play a major role. Survey study, 2026 What is the prevalence and pattern of premenstrual syndrome among secondary school students in Nigeria? PMS was very common, affecting 75.3% of students, with period pain and mood swings being the most frequent symptoms. However, only 15.4% sought healthcare evaluation. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in female medical students and what helps? PMS was very common, affecting 84.69% of students. Rest and sleep were most helpful (90.78%), followed by music (61.65%) and hot showers (49.51%). Sleep patterns and physical activity were linked to PMS. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among female students and does it affect their quality of life? PMS affects 58.4% of female students and significantly reduces their quality of life across physical, mental, and social functioning. Survey study, 2026 Is PMS or PMDD linked to eating disorders? Yes. Women with PMDD had higher scores for eating disorders, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating than women without PMS. The link between PMDD and emotional eating was strongest in overweight women. Survey study, 2026 How common are PMS and PMDD in young university students? In this group, 7% had PMDD, 46% had mild or no PMS, and 47% had moderate to severe PMS. Students with PMDD had the most severe symptoms and more disruption to daily life. Cohort study, 2026 What premenstrual symptoms do women most often seek treatment for, and does this change with age? Fatigue and mood swings were the most common moderate-to-severe symptoms, and psychological symptoms were reported more often than physical ones. Women in their 40s were less likely to report appetite changes and food cravings than women in their 20s. Randomised trial, 2026 Do seed cycling capsules with chasteberry reduce PMS symptoms over two months? Yes, women reported significant improvements in PMS symptoms including pain, cramping, bloating, mood, and sleep. However, this was an open-label study without a control group, so we cannot be sure the improvements are from the product rather than expectation. Systematic review, 2026 Has osteopathic manual therapy been studied as a treatment for PMDD? This scoping review protocol plans to search for studies on osteopathic manual therapy for PMDD. Since no reviews of OMT for PMDD exist, it will examine indirect evidence from related conditions like PMS and dysmenorrhea. Survey study, 2025 What factors affect how men and women view premenstrual syndrome? Education, male gender, and being aged 18-45 are linked to more positive views of PMS. Rural residence is linked to less positive views. However, this is a small study in one district of India. Survey study, 2025 What are menstrual cycle patterns in elite female basketball players? Most (78.51%) had regular cycles averaging 27.69 days. Most (86.84%) experienced period pain, and 77.63% had PMS symptoms. About 22.81% experienced absent periods. Survey study, 2025 How common are period pain and PMS in Spanish university students, and do lifestyle choices affect them? Over half had period pain and most had PMS symptoms. Women who ate fewer Mediterranean foods, exercised less, and used tobacco had worse symptoms. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does education about yoga help treat PMS symptoms? Knowledge about treating PMS with yoga increased after the education session. Yoga may help control stress, anxiety, depression, and dysmenorrhea, though the study only measured knowledge gain, not symptom improvement. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does the pill estetrol/drospirenone ease period pain, bloating and premenstrual mood symptoms? For women trying this pill for the first time, yes, it significantly eased pain, water retention and negative mood. For women switching from another pill, symptoms stayed about the same rather than improving. Cohort study, 2025 Does online health literacy link to better menstrual and mental health in teenage girls? Yes, teenage girls better at finding and understanding online health information report less severe premenstrual symptoms, lower anxiety and loneliness, and higher self-esteem. This is an association, not proof of cause and effect. Survey study, 2025 What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? 40% experienced PMS. Stress, period pain, use of menstrual delaying medicine, and earlier menarche were significantly linked to higher PMS risk. Survey study, 2025 Is PMS linked to fear of childbirth in first-time pregnant women? Yes, nearly half of first-time pregnant women experienced fear of childbirth, and PMS showed a moderate link to it. Poor sleep, weak support, and relationship problems also mattered. Review, 2025 Do herbal remedies help with menstrual and menopausal symptoms? Several herbs have been traditionally used and may help with menstrual pain, irregular cycles, mood changes, and heavy bleeding. More rigorous testing is needed to confirm these effects, and you should talk to your doctor before using herbs, especially if you take other medicines. Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and heavy menstrual bleeding in young Indian women? Between 14.3% and 74.4% of Indian women have PMS, and between 60% and 80% have at least one menstrual disorder. Many do not seek medical treatment. This is a very small observational study with limited detail. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Are premenstrual syndrome and painful periods related? Yes. Most high school girls in the study had both PMS and painful periods. Girls with PMS were much more likely to also experience painful periods. Randomised trial, 2025 Can soy isoflavone supplements help with PMS and PMDD symptoms? This paper describes theoretical mechanisms through which soy isoflavone supplements could help PMS and PMDD by affecting hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammation. However, it presents only theoretical pathways, not results from actual human trials, so real-world effectiveness remains unknown. Survey study, 2025 How do irregular periods affect quality of life? Irregular periods and period pain harm quality of life in medical students. 90.9% had PMS and 91.4% had period pain, with irregular periods clearly affecting their social, psychological, and physical well-being. Survey study, 2025 How common are menstrual disorders in nursing students? Most nursing students have menstrual disorders. 94.2% had period pain, 82.4% had abnormal bleeding, and 54.6% had PMDD. Most used home remedies like hot water and rest rather than seeking medical help. Survey study, 2025 How do menstrual health and mental health affect each other? Menstrual problems like PMS, painful periods, and endometriosis affect mood, stress, and thinking. Poor mental health can make menstrual symptoms worse. Connections involve hormones, emotions like stigma and body image, and social factors like education and hygiene access. Survey study, 2025 How much do period problems like painful periods and PMS affect college girls' daily lives? Painful periods and PMS were common among college girls and affected their studies, physical health, mood, and social life, though the study does not give exact numbers. Survey study, 2025 Are mental health problems linked to period pain and lack of support? Yes. About 29% of girls experienced anxiety, 14% stress, and 32% depression. Those with moderate or severe period pain or without support during menstruation were more likely to experience these mental health problems. Survey study, 2025 How aware are medical students of PMDD, and how common is it among female medical students? Female medical students recognised PMDD as a mental disorder much more than male students. About 9% of female medical students tested positive for PMDD on screening. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS among nursing students, and does it affect quality of life? Over two-thirds of students had moderate to severe PMS. PMS was strongly linked to worse quality of life. Survey study, 2025 How common are painful periods, PMS, and heavy bleeding in teenage girls in Sudan? Painful periods were most common at 56.8%, followed by PMS at 30.2% and heavy bleeding at 21%. However, these numbers come from Sudan only, so they may not apply elsewhere. Survey study, 2025 How common are menstrual problems in medical students and what causes them? Most medical students have menstrual problems. The most common are severe period cramps (76%), PMS (69%), and irregular periods (29%). Stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise are major causes. Survey study, 2025 How common are painful periods and PMS in medical students and how much do they affect their lives? Painful periods affected 41.5% and PMS affected 62.02% of medical students. These caused significant problems including missing school for up to a week or more, trouble concentrating, and sleep problems. Most students did not seek professional help. Survey study, 2025 How many women with menstrual cramps are diagnosed with dysmenorrhea? Very few. Only 4.6% of women with dysmenorrhea symptoms were diagnosed with it, mainly because they did not see a doctor. Some were told they had PMS instead. Survey study, 2025 Does period pain affect memory and thinking? Yes. Women with period pain showed clear decreases in memory and thinking abilities on the worst day of their period and on day 3 of menstruation. Survey study, 2025 Is low hemoglobin linked to worse PMS? Yes, there is a relationship between hemoglobin levels and PMS severity. Low hemoglobin may worsen PMS symptoms by reducing oxygen in the blood. Review, 2025 What is the menstrual cycle and how do menstrual disorders affect women? The menstrual cycle has four phases with complex hormonal and physical changes. Several disorders including PMS and PMDD significantly impact quality of life. New tracking apps and wearable devices can help monitor cycles and health. Review, 2025 Does yoga help with PMS and PMDD symptoms, and how might it work? This review of past literature concludes that yoga likely helps reduce PMS and PMDD symptoms by calming the nervous and hormone systems, but it does not report new trial results, so the strength of this claim rests on the quality of the studies it reviewed, which isn't detailed. Survey study, 2025 Does caffeine affect the menstrual cycle? A study of female medical students found a significant link between caffeine drinks and menstrual cycle changes, but the abstract does not specify what the effects were. Review, 2025 Does nutrition affect PMS and menstrual cycle regularity? Yes, good nutrition supports regular periods and helps PMS, especially anti-inflammatory diets with magnesium, vitamin B6, and vitamin D. More research is needed for specific dietary guidelines. Survey study, 2024 What is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical students? In this study, PMDD was more common in students who had painful periods or drank caffeinated beverages, but this was an observational study so it cannot prove these things cause PMDD. Survey study, 2024 Does diet or exercise affect PMS symptoms? In this study of women in India, there was no link between PMS and junk food, physical activity, sugar, salt, or citrus fruits. This is one small study in one city, so it may not apply to all women. Case report, 2024 Can maca, an herbal supplement, help with PCOS, PMS, dysmenorrhea, and hormone imbalances? In this one woman with PCOS, yes - after three months of taking maca, her PMS symptoms, dysmenorrhea, and hormone levels improved, and these improvements lasted over two years. But this is one person's story, so we can't be sure it works for others. Survey study, 2024 What factors are linked to PMDD in female university students? PMDD is common in this student population (62.6%), and appears linked to severe menstrual pain, irregular cycles, poor social support, and using contraception. Results come from one university in Ethiopia and may not apply elsewhere. Study, 2024 Does having a regular exercise habit affect premenstrual symptoms and pain sensitivity? Women who exercised regularly showed signs of less pain sensitivity and milder premenstrual symptoms than those who did not exercise regularly, but this was a small observational study so it cannot prove that exercise caused the difference. Survey study, 2024 What causes worse PMS in college women? Severe period pain, heavy periods, higher stress, and lower body esteem are linked to worse PMS. These factors together explain about one quarter of PMS severity. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Do Pilates exercises and WhatsApp support reduce PMS and improve daily activities and academic performance? Yes, significantly. Students showed decreased PMS, improved daily activities, and better academic performance with highly statistically significant improvements at 4 and 8 weeks. Survey study, 2024 Does jogging help PMS and period pain? Yes. Jogging for 12 weeks improved PMS, period pain, and quality of life. Survey study, 2024 How does period pain affect students' academic performance? Period pain significantly harms academic performance. About three quarters of students reported that mood swings during their period made it hard to concentrate, attend classes, take exams, and complete assignments. Survey study, 2024 Do traditional Indian healing practices reduce PMS and menstrual cramps? Most of the 20 women who followed a 3-month traditional Siddha practice (oil massage and lifestyle restrictions) reported fewer menstrual cramps and PMS symptoms. However, the study had no control group, so we can't know if improvements came from the practice or other factors. Survey study, 2024 What is the relationship between food cravings, vitamin A intake, and menstrual disorders? Women who craved high-fat and sweet foods were significantly more likely to have dysmenorrhea, PMS, and irregular menstrual cycles. Women consuming vitamin A-rich foods had substantially lower rates of dysmenorrhea and irregular cycles. Survey study, 2024 What lifestyle factors affect menstrual problems in female medical students? Weight, stress, physical activity, and pandemic impacts all affected period regularity and symptoms. Nearly all students with severe stress had irregular periods. Survey study, 2024 What symptoms and life factors are most closely linked to PMS in young women? Anxiety showed up as the symptom most tightly connected to everything else in PMS, closely tied to low mood, and PMS was also linked to a history of painful periods and a neurotic personality type. This comes from one pattern-mapping study, not a trial, so it cannot prove what causes what. Cohort study, 2024 Does borderline personality disorder get worse at certain times in the menstrual cycle? Yes. Most emotional symptoms in women with borderline personality disorder worsen in the midluteal phase and around menstruation. The majority showed at least 30% worsening of symptoms. Survey study, 2024 How common is premenstrual syndrome and what makes it worse? About 68% of health sciences students had premenstrual symptoms, and 79% of those had a family history of PMS. The study found menstrual pain, amount of bleeding, and family history were linked to having PMS. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS in female medical students in Vietnam and does it affect their exam attendance? Most female medical students experience PMS symptoms, but most do not miss exams because of them. Among 231 students, 94.8% never missed exams and only 0.4% consistently missed exams. Survey study, 2024 How does PMS affect work quality of life in nurses? Nurses with PMS had lower work quality of life scores compared to those without PMS. Severe menstrual cramps, family history of PMS, and work stress increased the likelihood of PMS. This is a survey of 210 nurses in Jordan, so findings may differ in other countries. Survey study, 2024 How common is dysmenorrhea related to PMS in university students, and how do they treat it? About 54% of 320 university students in Karachi experienced PMS-related dysmenorrhea. Most women (93%) used plant-based remedies, while only 7% used standard medications. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among nurses, and what makes it worse? PMS was very common among the Iranian nurses studied, and it was linked to high job demands at work, not just personal habits. We can be only moderately sure, since this is a one-time survey from one region. Randomised trial, 2024 Does Dioscorea esculenta powder reduce menstrual pain and PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who took this plant powder for 4 weeks had reduced pain and PMS symptoms, but the sample was extremely small. Survey study, 2024 Does stress affect menstrual symptoms? Yes, but only slightly. Stress accounted for about 6.5% of the difference in symptom levels between women. Survey study, 2024 Is psychological stress linked to menstrual problems? Yes. Higher stress was linked to more dysmenorrhea (period pain), premenstrual syndrome, and heavy bleeding in medical students. The study is associational, so we don't know if stress causes these problems or if they cause stress. Survey study, 2024 How does menstruation affect female taekwondo athletes' training and performance? Physical premenstrual symptoms and menstrual cramps most affected athletic performance. Menstruation did not stop athletes from competing, but weight loss before competition was common and linked to irregular periods. Survey study, 2024 Do PMS and period pain affect how well adolescents sleep? Yes. Adolescents with PMS or period pain had clearly worse sleep quality than those without these problems. Survey study, 2024 Is stress linked to premenstrual syndrome? Yes, moderate to high stress was significantly linked to PMS risk. Women with moderate to high stress were 1.79 times more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS in women with phenylketonuria, and does blood phenylalanine level predict symptoms? 39.1% of women with PKU experience PMS, with fatigue (55.4%), appetite changes (59.4%), and irritability (52.7%) being the most common symptoms. Blood phenylalanine levels did not predict who has PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2024 Does stress affect the menstrual cycle in college students? Yes, there is a significant relationship between stress level and menstrual cycle in this study. However, this is cross-sectional so we cannot be sure stress causes menstrual changes rather than the reverse. Systematic review, 2024 Can saffron help with PMS, dysmenorrhea, and other women's health problems? Yes, saffron appears to help with dysmenorrhea, PMS, menopause, and other reproductive issues through its antioxidant and hormone-regulating properties, though most evidence comes from lab studies. Study, 2024 Can researchers create a reliable tool to measure menstrual symptoms in teenage girls? Researchers developed a new measurement scale to assess menstrual symptoms in adolescents. In India, only 48% of teenage girls know about menstruation before their first period. Survey study, 2023 How many women have PMS and what do they know about managing it? 80% of 250 urban women reported PMS symptoms, but only 48% met clinical criteria for diagnosis. Most women did nothing to relieve their symptoms, and over 60% experienced disruption in daily life. Case report, 2023 Does a combination of maca, progesterone, and magnesium help PMDD symptoms? One woman improved significantly in headaches, cramping, menstrual flow, and psychiatric symptoms within three months. This is one person's experience, so we can't be sure others would benefit. Survey study, 2023 Does physical activity reduce premenstrual tension symptoms? Yes, physical activity was significantly associated with less severe premenstrual tension symptoms, particularly pain and concentration problems, though the study was small. Survey study, 2023 Can diet and body measurements predict PMS? Yes. A machine learning model using diet and body measurements could predict PMS with 80.3% accuracy. The strongest predictors were sodium intake, sugar intake, total fat intake, biotin, and fat distribution. Results need confirmation in other studies. Survey study, 2023 Does living location and life conditions affect PMS symptoms? Yes. People who migrated to new areas reported more PMS cases but with milder symptoms, compared to those who stayed in their original location. Both groups differed in jobs, education, wealth, diet, and body measurements. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does mefenamic acid help relieve PMS symptoms? Mefenamic acid relieved PMS symptoms in 70.7% of women, with the most improvement in headache and breast tenderness, but the study had no control group so we cannot be certain the drug itself caused the improvement. Survey study, 2023 Does poor sleep make PMS and period pain worse in teenage girls? Yes. Poor sleep quality, very short sleep (less than 5 hours), and late bedtimes all affected premenstrual and period symptoms, with sleep quality being the most important factor. Survey study, 2023 Does pelvic alignment exercise help with period pain and PMS symptoms? Yes, for some symptoms. The exercise program reduced period pain and improved mood-related PMS symptoms, and also improved pelvic positioning. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does a supplement with Vitex, vitamin B6, and magnesium reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. The supplement was more effective than standard therapy alone at reducing PMS symptoms and improving quality of life, with the best results when combined with standard treatment. Study, 2023 Can a herbal supplement called chasteberry help with PMS and period pain? This review of past studies suggests chasteberry is safe and has a positive effect on PMS and period pain, though it is a summary of other people's research rather than a new trial. Survey study, 2023 Do PMS symptoms affect how female athletes train and perform? Yes. Women with severe PMS were much more likely to change their training schedule. All women reported performance dropped during and before menstruation, with bigger drops in those with severe symptoms. Survey study, 2023 How do menstrual pain and PMS affect female medical students' academic and social life? More severe menstrual pain was strongly linked to worse academic performance, reduced social activities, damaged relationships, and more school absences. Case report, 2023 Can maca, alfalfa, and magnesium help with PMS, period pain, and heavy bleeding? One woman taking these supplements for four months experienced relief of her PMS symptoms, period pain, cramping, and heavy bleeding. However, this is just one person, so we cannot be certain these supplements caused the improvement. Survey study, 2023 What factors most influence PMS severity in college students? Sleep problems and eating attitude problems were the strongest factors linked to worse PMS, along with menstrual pain. Together these explained about one quarter of why some women have worse symptoms. Survey study, 2023 Is internalized misogyny linked to worse PMS and dysmenorrhea? Yes. Higher internalized misogyny was significantly linked to worse PMS and dysmenorrhea symptoms. However, we cannot tell if misogyny causes worse symptoms or if worse symptoms cause internalized misogyny. Survey study, 2023 Does connective tissue manipulation help dysmenorrhea pain and other symptoms? Yes, connective tissue manipulation reduced pain and fatigue significantly. Longer treatment appeared to have longer-lasting benefits through 12 months. Case report, 2023 Does acupuncture combined with supplements and meditation help PMS? A 36-year-old woman with long-standing PMS saw major improvement in her symptoms after combining acupuncture treatments with several supplements and daily meditation. However, this is just one case, so we do not know which parts of the treatment helped most. Study, 2023 What is the difference between period pain and premenstrual syndrome? Period pain and PMS are different conditions. Period pain is throbbing, cramping in the lower abdomen with back pain, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. PMS causes weight gain, bloating, irritability, and fatigue starting 1 to 2 weeks before the period. Cohort study, 2023 Do plant compounds help irregular periods and PMS? Yes. All 15 women developed more regular cycles averaging 27.1 ± 3.2 days with reduced menstrual pain and flow. In the 7 women with PMS, depression, headache, and abdominal pain improved. The study was very small without a control group. Interview study, 2023 What PMS symptoms do university students experience, and how do they cope with them? University students frequently reported PMS, with anxiety, fatigue, and breast tenderness being the most common symptoms. Most students had good coping skills and used strategies like rest, exercise, and herbal tea. Survey study, 2023 Is the uterine fibroid symptom survey a reliable tool for measuring treatment outcomes? This study validated a survey designed to measure fibroid treatment success, but the abstract does not report whether the validation was successful. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among teenage girls in Nigeria? Very common. 75.3% of the 300 girls studied had PMS. The most common symptoms were period pain (81% of those with PMS) and mood swings (58.4%). These numbers describe this population, though they may differ in other regions. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in women in Gujranwala division, Pakistan and what are the risk factors? 56% had PMS and 18% had PMDD. Anemia, fatigue, dysmenorrhea, family history of PMS, and where women lived were significant risk factors. Obesity and blood cholesterol were not significantly associated with PMS. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD among college girls, and what are their symptoms? Among 318 college students in India, 44 had PMDD and 89 had PMS. Symptoms differed, with PMDD including more severe mood changes like anger, tearfulness, and anxiety than PMS. Survey study, 2023 How common are period pain, PMS, and premenstrual symptoms in physiotherapy students? Most physiotherapy students report premenstrual symptoms affecting their daily lives, with the most common being impact on social activities (49%), work relationships (43%), food cravings (43%), bloating (41%), and headaches (41%). Survey study, 2023 Is severe period pain linked to psychological distress in working women? Severe period pain was associated with higher psychological distress, but this link disappeared after accounting for PMS and job conditions. Job control was associated with lower psychological distress. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS affect school performance and relationships in female medical students? Yes, significantly. 73.6% of the 2080 students studied had premenstrual symptoms, and those with symptoms did worse in school and had more problems with relationships. The study shows a clear link, but only studied medical students. Survey study, 2023 Did COVID-19 infection and vaccination affect women's menstrual cycles and mental health? Yes, temporarily. 48.2% of women reported menstrual changes after COVID and 58.8% after vaccination, with more period pain and PMS. Mental health worsened with more anxiety and poor sleep. Most changes improved by 6 months. Survey study, 2023 Is low vitamin D linked to depression and irregular periods in women with premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Among 250 women with PMS, 61.2% had vitamin D deficiency. Those with deficiency were much more likely to have depression, with 28.8% having severe depression. The link was statistically strong (P=0.001). Survey study, 2022 Did COVID-19 stress worsen period pain and PMS symptoms in female medical students? Yes. Severe period pain increased from 36.9% before COVID-19 to 49.9% during the pandemic, and period symptoms were closely linked to depression and anxiety. Randomised trial, 2022 Does cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy reduce menstrual pain in women with severe PMS? Yes. In 24 women with menstrual pain and severe PMS, those who received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy showed significant improvements in pain intensity and quality of life. This is a very small study so results are preliminary. Survey study, 2022 Does the menstrual cycle affect how well women sleep? Sleep quality may worsen for some women during the premenstrual phase, but not all women experience this. When doctors evaluate women's sleep, they should ask which part of the cycle the woman is in, because this matters. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Does eating red spinach pudding reduce PMS and painful period symptoms in teenage girls? In this small Indonesian study, girls who ate red spinach pudding had a bigger drop in PMS symptom scores than girls who did not, and the difference was statistically significant, but the study was small and not randomized. Survey study, 2022 Do COVID-19 vaccines cause menstrual or premenstrual changes? 78% of vaccinated women reported menstrual or premenstrual changes after vaccination, mostly mild symptoms like increased fatigue and heavier periods. We can be confident about what women remembered, though the study relied on recall rather than real-time symptom tracking, which may affect accuracy. Interview study, 2022 Does practicing yoga reduce premenstrual syndrome and period pain? In this small study, women who practiced yoga experienced clear reductions in period pain intensity, pain duration, and premenstrual syndrome scores. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in university students and what helps them cope with symptoms? PMS was very common in this group. Most students coped by resting (67.6%) or sleeping (60.7%). Several menstrual and personal factors were linked to higher PMS risk, including family history, heavy periods, and starting menstruation early. Survey study, 2022 How common is premenstrual syndrome among female medical students and does it affect their grades? 65.4% of female medical students had premenstrual syndrome, but it did not significantly affect their academic performance. Survey study, 2022 How common are premenstrual syndrome and PMDD among college students in Mongolia? 23.8% had moderate to severe PMS and 4.7% had PMDD. The most common symptoms were fatigue (86.7%), anger or irritability (80.9%), and tearfulness (76.2%). Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among teenage girls in India and what factors are associated with it? Nearly all girls (94.8%) had at least one premenstrual symptom, and 19.3% had moderate to severe PMS. Dysmenorrhea and stress were common and associated with PMS. Survey study, 2022 Did fear of COVID-19 affect premenstrual symptoms in university students? Women with higher fear of COVID-19 had worse PMS symptoms, especially if the pandemic changed their menstrual cycles. This shows an association but doesn't prove fear caused worse PMS. Survey study, 2022 How many women experience asthma that gets worse during menstruation? About half of women with asthma experience worsening during menstruation. More than half use painkillers for menstrual pain. Most seek help from a doctor, though many don't know how to manage symptoms or prevent them. Survey study, 2022 How does obesity affect the menstrual cycle in adolescents? Adolescents with obesity are more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles, PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), and premenstrual disorders including PMS and PMDD. The hormonal changes in obesity help explain these connections. Survey study, 2022 Did COVID-19 increase PMS symptoms in female doctors? Yes. Female doctors showed more PMS and PMDD symptoms during the pandemic, linked to psychological stress. Front-line workers had worse symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Does PMS and painful periods affect students' ability to study? Yes, PMS and period pain were very common and most students reported they impaired concentration and studying. This is a small survey without a control group. Survey study, 2022 How common are period pain and related symptoms in teenage girls in Sabah, Malaysia? Period pain is very common in this region, affecting about 85.7% of girls, with over 70% also experiencing tiredness and headaches. Results are from one region in Malaysia so may not apply elsewhere. Case report, 2021 Can dydrogesterone help period pain, irregular cycles, PMS, and pregnancy loss, not just menopause? This review of past evidence, together with an account of one woman's care, suggests dydrogesterone may help with these conditions, but it does not report new trial results of its own. Survey study, 2021 Do diet, exercise, and stress affect menstrual cycle problems? Yes. Women with poor diet, lack of exercise, and high stress had more menstrual problems. But this study is observational so we cannot prove these factors cause the problems. Survey study, 2021 Does taping therapy reduce period pain and PMS symptoms? Taping helped reduce period pain severity, but it did not clearly reduce other PMS symptoms or menstrual distress. The study was small with only 25 women in each group. Survey study, 2021 Do athletes have fewer menstrual and premenstrual symptoms than less active women? Yes, athletes had fewer physical and mental symptoms during both menstrual and premenstrual periods compared to active and sedentary women. Survey study, 2021 Does moderate physical activity during menstruation reduce PMS symptoms? Women who stay moderately active throughout their menstrual cycle, including during menstruation, have fewer PMS symptoms than inactive women. Activity does not affect cycle regularity, how long you bleed, or menstrual pain. Survey study, 2021 What factors make premenstrual and menstrual symptoms worse? Women with chronic illness, psychiatric history, reproductive problems, alcohol use, never being pregnant, and a family history of PMS tend to have worse premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Having negative thoughts about menstruation also worsens symptoms. Survey study, 2021 What factors are linked to irregular periods in college students? 32.6% of college women had irregular periods. Being anemic, drinking alcohol, sleeping very little, feeling stressed, iodine deficiency, and being underweight were all linked to irregular periods. Review, 2021 Can diet help with PMS and other menstrual disorders? Diet may help. Eating fresh whole foods while avoiding refined carbohydrates, salt, and alcohol is recommended. Evening primrose oil appears to have positive effects on PMS. Survey study, 2021 How common are menstrual problems in adolescent girls? Very common. 73.6% of girls had painful periods, 13.5% had moderate to severe PMS, 12.5% had irregular periods, 8.4% had heavy periods, and 6.2% had PMDD. Case report, 2021 Does tokito, a Japanese herbal medicine, relieve PMS and period pain? A 46-year-old woman who had suffered for decades with PMS symptoms and severe period pain that did not respond to pain medication experienced complete relief after taking tokito, a Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine) formula. However, this is based on just one case. Survey study, 2021 How common are premenstrual symptoms in female medical students, and how severe are they? About 30% have premenstrual symptoms, mostly mild. Psychological symptoms like irritability are more common than physical ones. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS among nurses and does it affect their job performance? Just over half of nurses (52.0%) had PMS. Those with PMS had significantly worse daily job performance. The evidence is clear, but the study only looked at nurses in one location in Saudi Arabia. Survey study, 2021 Do premenstrual symptoms affect sexual desire? Sexual desire is linked to some premenstrual symptoms, particularly back pain, painful periods, and mood changes. Sexual desire was not clearly linked to other symptoms like headaches or breast tenderness. Survey study, 2021 How common are period problems like painful periods and PMS in teenage girls? Period problems were very common in this group of teenage girls. Painful periods affected more than two thirds of them, and nearly half had premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Study, 2020 What measurement tools exist for menstrual problems? Researchers reviewed studies about tools used to measure menstrual symptoms and found scales for menstrual pain and PMS, but none specifically designed for abnormal menstruation. Survey study, 2020 Is a woman's personality linked to how much PMS she gets? Yes, personality traits were linked to PMS scores in this study, but this only shows a connection, not that personality causes PMS. Survey study, 2020 Are depression, fatigue, and low body esteem linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. All three factors were significantly linked to premenstrual symptoms. Depression, menstrual cycle irregularity, menstrual pain, and low body esteem together explained 41% of variation in symptoms. Non-randomised trial, 2020 Does inflammation increase in the uterus and blood during menstruation? Yes. A specific inflammation trigger called the NLRP3 inflammasome activates in uterine cells just before menstruation and releases inflammatory chemicals into the bloodstream. Interview study, 2020 How does the menstrual cycle affect female elite athletes? Most athletes reported menstrual symptoms that they felt harmed their performance. Two-thirds took medication to try to feel better during their cycle. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMDD among female health science students in Ethiopia, and what is linked to it? About 1 in 3 students in this study had PMDD. It was more common among those with severe period pain, with high stress, and those who felt their period pain hurt their studies. Study, 2020 How should healthcare providers manage menstrual problems in girls with disabilities? Providers should take detailed histories from both the patient and caregivers to understand how menstrual symptoms affect quality of life. Treatment goals should focus on reducing menstrual flow, reducing period pain, and managing cyclical symptoms based on each girl's needs. Survey study, 2020 Do women with IBS and period problems have worse psychological symptoms? Yes. Women with IBS alongside period pain and PMS show more depression, sleep problems, and worse quality of life than those without IBS. Non-randomised trial, 2020 Does meditation reduce premenstrual pain in teenage girls? Yes. Meditation reduced premenstrual pain by an average of 5 points (p=0.0001). Survey study, 2020 What are the most common PMS symptoms and how much do they disrupt daily life? Painful periods affected 63% of women and 40% said their routine was disrupted during their period. However, the study was in one community in Pakistan and only recorded current symptoms, not tracked changes over time. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS in high school girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and what factors are linked to it? PMS affects 37% of high school girls. Smoking exposure and having a family history of painful periods were linked to having PMS. Survey study, 2020 Does manipulating the lower back joints help with menstrual cramps and PMS? In this small study, yes. Women who received lower back joint mobilization showed improvements in both menstrual cramps and PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2020 How common are PMS and period pain in college women, and do they affect school work? Both are very common. Over half of women with these conditions had worse school performance, but very few sought medical help. Survey study, 2019 What factors affect PMS severity in teenage girls? Sleep patterns, stress, attitudes about menstruation, and limiting exposure to chemicals all affected PMS severity. Together these factors explained 37% of the differences in PMS severity. Study, 2019 Do Western herbal medicines help with menstrual pain and discomfort? One herbal medicine, Vitex agnus-castus (chasteberry), has research showing it works. Most other herbs used by Western herbalists have not been properly tested for safety or effectiveness. Cohort study, 2019 How common is PMS in female students, and how does it affect their daily activities? PMS is very common: 72.3% reported at least one moderate to severe symptom, 17.2% had moderate to severe PMS, and 2.1% had PMDD. PMS was linked to heavier periods, worse period pain, and less physical activity. Survey study, 2019 How common are PMS and PMDD in college girls? About 14.3% of college girls in this study had moderate to severe PMS and 3.7% had PMDD. We cannot be very confident these figures apply elsewhere because this is a cross-sectional survey from one city. Survey study, 2019 Does PMS make quality of life worse around your period compared to painful periods alone? Yes. Women with painful periods had lower quality of life around menstruation whether or not they also had PMS, but those with PMS scored a bit lower during that time. Cohort study, 2019 Is there a link between menstrual symptoms and anxiety, depression, and stress in teenage girls? Yes. There was a strong correlation between menstrual distress and depression, anxiety, and stress, with distress significantly higher before, during, and after menstruation (p=0.000). Case-control study, 2019 Are zinc and copper levels linked to PMS in teenage girls? The study found that girls with both irritable bowel syndrome and period pain had lower dietary zinc intake, but did not find a clear link between minerals and PMS alone. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does cinnamon and ginger combined with exercise help reduce PMS and period pain symptoms? The provided abstract does not include the results section, so this study cannot be properly summarized. Survey study, 2019 How common are menstrual symptoms and how much do they affect women's daily lives? Menstrual symptoms are very common. 85% have period pain, 77% have mood symptoms, and 71% have tiredness. About 1 in 3 women cannot do their usual activities during their period. Interview study, 2018 Do working women and housewives experience PMS at different rates? Working women had more PMS than housewives: 50% of working women had PMS compared to 30% of housewives. PMS was most common in women aged 26-35. Study, 2018 Does aggression change during the menstrual cycle in borderline personality disorder? Yes, different types of aggression change at different times in the cycle. Reactive aggression was highest during the days around the period, while a different type of aggression (proactive) was highest during other parts of the cycle. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does guided imagery relaxation reduce menstrual pain? Yes. Girls using guided imagery had pain scores of 2.6 compared to 4.6 in controls. This is from a small study, so the evidence is promising but not yet strong. Cohort study, 2018 Do emotional and behavioral symptoms of borderline personality disorder get worse before menstruation? Most emotional symptoms appeared to get worse in the middle-to-late luteal phase and around menstruation, then improved in the follicular phase. However, the study was very small and included only unmedicated women without painful periods. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMS in young women and how much does it affect their lives? PMS affected 47 percent of young medical students and significantly disrupted their academic performance, daily activities, and sleep. Breast tenderness and irritability were the most common symptoms. Survey study, 2018 How common are PMS and PMDD in medical and nursing students? About 61-64% of medical and nursing students had PMS, while about 39% had PMDD. These numbers reliably describe what researchers found in this student group. Survey study, 2018 How common are painful periods and PMS in teenage and young adult girls? Both painful periods (92%) and PMS (86.3%) were very common and strongly linked. These numbers come from a large population-based study of girls in one Egyptian city. Survey study, 2018 Are certain personality types more likely to have PMS? Yes. Women with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, lower conscientiousness, and more negative mood were more likely to have PMS. But we can't prove personality causes PMS. Survey study, 2017 What factors predict how well women cope with premenstrual symptoms? Physical factors like menstrual pain are the strongest predictor of premenstrual symptoms, which then affects coping ability. Psychological factors like stress also directly affect how well women cope. Survey study, 2017 Does ulipristal acetate, a fibroid medication, help PMS symptoms? Possibly yes. 80% of women taking this medication reported improvement in PMS symptoms, though this study had no control group. Case report, 2017 Can a combined oral contraceptive pill help PMDD in women who also have depression or anxiety? One 34-year-old woman with PMDD along with depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions improved on a combined oral contraceptive pill. Her mood, anxiety, menstrual cramps, and ability to handle stress all got better. Survey study, 2017 What factors make PMS symptoms worse in college-aged women? Older age, low family income, being unmarried, and family history of PMS or painful periods are all linked to more severe PMS. Survey study, 2017 What makes PMS worse in nursing students? Higher stress and more painful periods were linked to worse premenstrual syndrome, and together these explained about a fifth of the difference between students. Survey study, 2017 Can magnesium supplements help with premenstrual syndrome? This review of existing evidence says magnesium supplementation appears to help prevent premenstrual syndrome, along with period pain and menstrual migraine, but it does not test this itself with new data. Survey study, 2017 Can diet help with PMS symptoms? Diet may affect PMS. High intake of tea, coffee, cola, alcohol, chocolate, and sugary snacks is linked to worse symptoms, while adequate milk and certain minerals may help. Survey study, 2017 How common are PMS and painful periods in female medical students and do they affect daily life? About 7 in 10 have painful periods and about 8 in 10 have premenstrual symptoms. Over half reported disruption to daily life, studying, and social activities. Survey study, 2017 Is depression more common in women with severe PMS? Yes. Among women with severe PMS, 51% had depression symptoms, compared to 13.5% of women without severe PMS. Survey study, 2017 Does fear of period pain affect mood and thinking during the menstrual cycle? Yes. Women expecting severe period pain showed increased anxiety and depression and slower thinking response during the premenstrual phase, suggesting that fear of pain affects emotions and cognition. Randomised trial, 2016 Does Gung massage reduce PMS symptoms better than other treatments? Gung massage reduced more PMS symptoms than heat or regular massage. All treatments reduced pain, but Gung massage had the largest improvements in pain, emotions, water retention, and body temperature after 8 weeks. Survey study, 2016 Does 12 weeks of yoga help premenstrual symptoms? Yes, 12 weeks of yoga was associated with improvements in menstrual pain, emotional symptoms, and physical symptoms. Women used fewer painkillers and reported less impact of pain on work, though this was a small study without a control group. Non-randomised trial, 2016 Does a low-dose birth control pill help with menstrual pain in women with endometriosis? Yes. A birth control pill containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol significantly reduced menstrual pain, pelvic pain, pain with sex, and premenstrual bloating and mood symptoms. The study had no control group, so we cannot be completely certain the improvement was from the pill. Non-randomised trial, 2016 Can a tape-based 'balance taping' therapy ease period pain and PMS symptoms? Among 51 female university students, those who received balance taping therapy had significantly less period pain and milder PMS than those who did not, but the study was small and did not randomly assign who got the treatment. Survey study, 2016 How common are menstrual problems and PMS among teenage girls in rural areas? More than 6 in 10 girls had PMS symptoms, with abdominal pain, cramping and back pain being most common. Dysmenorrhoea was the most common menstrual problem overall. Survey study, 2016 Can noofen help with painful periods and anxiety symptoms? Girls with painful periods and anxiety symptoms who took noofen showed improvement in their symptoms over 30 days. The study found noofen was effective for treating these problems. Survey study, 2016 Does PMS increase the risk of stress fractures in teenage athletes? Among teenage athletes, 8.9% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Those with strong physical premenstrual symptoms had 1.66 times higher risk of stress fractures, suggesting PMS symptoms may increase injury risk. Survey study, 2016 What menstrual health problems do young women with Angelman syndrome experience? Menstrual and premenstrual symptoms were common but infrequently caused problems at home or school. Girls with AS had significant challenges with menstrual hygiene and needed full assistance managing it. Survey study, 2016 Is PMS more severe in urban or rural women and what factors affect severity? PMS was more severe in urban women than rural women. Severity increased with age, number of children, education level, and socioeconomic status. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in teenage school girls in an urban city in India? 54% of the teenage girls reported PMS symptoms, with irritability being the most common symptom (88.1%). Because this is a survey, it reflects what girls reported rather than clinical diagnosis. Survey study, 2015 Are menstrual problems linked to mental health issues? Yes. Girls with menstrual problems were clearly more likely to have stress and anxiety. Non-randomised trial, 2015 Does this birth control pill help premenstrual symptoms in Japanese women? Yes, in this study of 48 Japanese women, most premenstrual symptoms improved significantly after 3 and 6 cycles of treatment. The study had no comparison group, so we cannot be fully certain of the effect. Survey study, 2015 Does isoflavone supplement help with premenstrual syndrome and period pain? Isoflavone supplement at 500 mg per day improved several PMS symptoms including mood, concentration, pain, and water retention after 8 weeks, compared to no improvement in women who didn't take it. However, the study was very small with only 10 women in each group. Survey study, 2015 Does menstrual pain cause emotional stress in young women? Among women aged 17-35 with premenstrual pain, most experienced emotional stress. Women with severe pain had very high rates of mood changes (80%), irritability (60%), and unusual laughter (40%). Interview study, 2015 Does hormonal contraception affect mental health and sexual desire? Clear effects were found on sexual desire (decreased) and painful menstruation (reduced). No clear difference was found in psychological symptoms overall, though interviews suggested some women may experience mental changes. Survey study, 2015 How common is physical stress and pain during the menstrual cycle? Physical stress symptoms were common, with 15% experiencing mild, 14% moderate, and 5% severe symptoms. Most women did not exercise despite experiencing menstrual pain. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS among teenage girls in rural India? Very common: about 6 in 10 girls in this rural school reported PMS, with irritability, anxiety and anger as the most frequent symptoms. Survey study, 2015 Which screening tool is best for diagnosing PMDD and menstrual-related psychiatric conditions? There is no agreed-upon best tool. Different studies use different definitions and methods, making it hard to compare research and provide consistent care. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in university students and what symptoms do they experience? 85.6% of students had PMS symptoms and 36.3% had the more severe form (PMDD). The most common mood symptom was fatigue (72.6%) and the most common physical symptom was abdominal pain (62.7%). Cohort study, 2014 Does tubal ligation affect periods and premenstrual symptoms? Yes. After the surgery, premenstrual symptoms increased significantly, along with heavier periods and more pain during periods. Women under 35 were more likely to experience these changes. Review, 2014 Do birth control pills help PMS? Yes. Birth control pills can treat and prevent premenstrual syndrome according to this review, though the abstract does not provide specific details about the strength of benefit. Survey study, 2014 Does how much girls exercise affect their PMS symptoms? Yes, there was a clear difference in PMS symptoms between girls with different activity levels. Girls with health-enhancing physical activity had higher symptom scores than the overall average. Survey study, 2014 How common are period pain and PMS in rural Indian school girls, and how much do they affect daily life? More than half of the girls reported period pain (60.19%) and PMS (52.30%). These conditions significantly interfered with school attendance, concentration, exercise, household tasks, and social activities. Cohort study, 2014 Do lifestyle and nutrition affect menstrual symptoms? Yes. Women with menstrual symptoms had different eating patterns and lifestyle factors than those without symptoms. Strong links were found between diet and the type of menstrual pattern. Survey study, 2014 How common are PMS and PMDD in middle-aged women going through perimenopause? Approximately 95% of perimenopausal women had PMS and 23% had PMDD. Women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have severe menstrual pain. Survey study, 2014 What makes PMS worse in college women, stress or how they feel about periods? Both matter. Women with higher stress and a more negative attitude toward menstruation tended to have worse PMS, along with smoking and painful periods, but together these only explained about a quarter of the difference between women. Study, 2014 Does Kamikihito herbal medicine help PMS and menstrual pain? Three women with PMS, menstrual pain, and sleep problems improved when treated with Kamikihito, a Japanese herbal medicine. However, this is just three cases without comparison to other treatments, so we cannot say whether the medicine or other factors caused the improvement. Survey study, 2013 Does acupuncture help PMS symptoms? Possibly. Eight out of twelve published studies showed that acupuncture groups improved more than control groups, but the studies varied in quality and more research is needed. Survey study, 2013 How common are premenstrual disorders in adolescent girls? About 99.5% of adolescent girls reported at least one premenstrual symptom, and 59% met the criteria for PMDD. This is based on a survey in Iran. Non-randomised trial, 2013 Does ear acupressure therapy help PMS symptoms? The study found that women who received ear acupressure therapy had lower symptom scores than women who did not. However, the study was small and not randomized, so we cannot be certain the therapy itself caused the improvement. Randomised trial, 2013 Do Kinesio taping and spiral taping help with menstrual pain and PMS symptoms? Both Kinesio and spiral taping reduced menstrual pain, with spiral taping also helping PMS symptoms. The study was small with only a few weeks of treatment. Survey study, 2013 How do lifestyle and attitudes about periods affect PMS severity? Negative attitudes about menstruation and problematic alcohol use are linked to worse PMS, and painful periods (dysmenorrhea) are most strongly linked to worse PMS. These are associations, not proof of cause and effect. Cohort study, 2012 Do depression increases in early adolescence predict menstrual cycle mood problems later? Girls whose depression increased in early adolescence showed menstrual cycle mood changes in adulthood, suggesting hormonal factors link early teen depression to later cycle symptoms. The study was small. Study, 2012 Does acupuncture help PMS symptoms? In this small study of 11 women, acupuncture treatment over 3 months reduced or eliminated PMS complaints. Muscle pain, breast pain, and painful periods showed the most obvious improvement. Study, 2012 Does mugwort help with premenstrual syndrome? Mugwort is used traditionally for PMS and contains a compound that may work through serotonin. However, there is no clinical research evidence presented here, only historical uses. Survey study, 2012 Does vitamin D affect PMS symptoms? No clear link was found between vitamin D level and PMS symptoms. However, women who ate high amounts of dairy had significantly fewer headaches and social withdrawal. Survey study, 2012 Is there a link between attitudes toward menstruation and PMS symptoms? Women with PMS symptoms were more likely to see menstruation as debilitating. This shows correlation but does not prove that attitudes cause worse symptoms. Survey study, 2012 What menstrual and premenstrual symptoms do girls with Rett syndrome experience and how are they treated? Girls with Rett syndrome commonly experience painful periods and PMS symptoms similar to other women, plus some autism-specific symptoms. Hormonal contraception, especially birth control pills, is commonly used to manage them. Study, 2011 How do women with autism experience menstruation and its symptoms? Women with autism (ages 10-25) commonly experience severe menstrual pain and PMS, but these conditions are often undertreated. Review, 2011 Does drospirenone/ethinylestradiol birth control help PMDD? Yes. This birth control pill combination has shown highly satisfactory results for premenstrual dysphoric syndrome and helps reduce fluid retention and acne. Survey study, 2011 What causes irregular periods and period pain in working women? Stress appeared to be the main factor linked to both irregular periods and period pain. However, this study only shows associations, not whether stress actually causes these problems. Survey study, 2011 How common are PMS symptoms in teenage girls, and do they get help for them? Most teenage girls in this study had mood and physical symptoms before their period that affected school and social life, but very few ever saw a doctor about it. Survey study, 2011 What are the most common perimenstrual symptoms? The most common pattern was a combination of mood changes, pain, digestive problems, and loss of normal functioning. Interview study, 2011 How do teenage girls in Malaysia learn about and manage periods and PMS? Many girls are not prepared for periods when they arrive, and both urban and rural girls manage PMS and period pain on their own without seeing a doctor. Randomised trial, 2011 Does smelling saffron help improve premenstrual syndrome, period pain, or irregular periods? Smelling saffron for 20 minutes reduced a stress hormone and anxiety in a small study. The researchers suggest this might help, but the study did not directly measure whether symptoms actually improved. Study, 2011 Can sensitivity to your own hormones cause PMS? Yes. Some women may have unusual sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone that causes PMS and other problems. This can be diagnosed with skin tests and treated with small hormone doses. Study, 2011 Does a plant extract called DLBS1442 reduce premenstrual syndrome and period pain? Yes. A plant extract reduced belly pain by about 37 to 44 percent and other PMS symptoms, although this was a small study without a placebo control group. Randomised trial, 2010 Does a sumatriptan and naproxen combination help menstrual migraine and period pain? Yes, the combination prevented prostaglandins from rising during attacks, unlike placebo. This was a very small pilot study with only 4 women. Survey study, 2010 How common is period pain in adolescent Asian girls and what does it affect? Three-quarters of adolescent girls in Malaysia had period pain. It affected their concentration in class for over half, limited their social activities for half, caused about one in five to miss school, and caused poor school performance in one in eight. Study, 2010 Does Justicia pectoralis extract have hormone-like effects that could help PMS or menopause? In lab tests, yes. The extract showed estrogenic, progestagenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, this was done in cells and test tubes, not people, so we don't yet know if it actually helps people. Study, 2010 What gynecologic problems do girls with Down syndrome, autism, and cerebral palsy experience? Girls with these developmental disabilities commonly have irregular periods and mood or behavioral changes when they start menstruating. Girls with autism are especially likely to develop behavioral problems related to their periods. Survey study, 2010 How common is PMDD among medical students in Nigeria? 36.1% of medical students had PMDD. Menstrual pain was significantly linked to PMDD. Survey study, 2009 What are normal menstrual patterns in adolescent girls in Ethiopia? The median age of first period was 14.8 years, with 70% having cycles of 21-35 days. However, 75% had premenstrual symptoms and 72% had painful periods. Randomised trial, 2009 What does research show about alternative treatments like herbs and supplements for PMS? There is limited evidence from well-designed studies on herbs, supplements, and vitamins for PMS. More research is needed to determine which treatments are safe and effective. Survey study, 2009 Does job stress affect periods and hormone levels in female workers? Women with higher job stress had more period problems and some hormone changes, with longer work hours linked to lower estrogen levels. Survey study, 2009 Can long-cycle birth control pills reduce PMS and menstrual symptoms? Long-cycle birth control pills may reduce PMS and related symptoms by lowering hormonal fluctuations. This is based on clinical opinion rather than a controlled trial. Survey study, 2009 Does skipping breakfast affect menstrual cramps and irregular periods? Yes. Women who skipped breakfast had worse menstrual cramps, irregular periods, and poor general health compared to those who ate breakfast. This was a survey where women reported their own habits, so we can't be sure breakfast directly causes these problems. Survey study, 2009 Is stress related to premenstrual symptoms and irregular periods? Yes. Stress is independently associated with both PMS and irregular cycles. Women reporting these menstrual problems had significantly higher stress scores. Survey study, 2008 How common are menstrual cycle symptoms and how should doctors discuss them? 85% of women experience menstrual cycle changes and up to 40% are bothered by them. Doctors should routinely ask about these symptoms to improve treatment. Survey study, 2008 Does exercise improve menstrual symptoms? Yes. Women who did fitness exercises for 12 weeks had fewer physical and emotional symptoms before their period and much less painful periods. Survey study, 2008 How many female medical students have painful periods and does it affect school attendance? Dysmenorrhea (painful periods) affected 73.83% of 107 female medical students. Of those with painful periods, 31.67% frequently missed school or classes. Survey study, 2008 How common are menstrual problems in teenage girls and how much do they affect daily life? Very common: 67.2% had painful periods, 63.1% had PMS symptoms, and 60% had daily routines disrupted. A quarter missed work and 17.24% missed school because of symptoms. Survey study, 2008 How common are menstrual problems among young women, and how much do they interfere with daily life? In this study of 112 undergraduate female medical students, 67% reported PMS and 33% reported severe period pain. These problems significantly interfered with school, with 54% needing extra rest and 50% unable to study. Survey study, 2008 What are the symptoms and treatment options for menstrual cycle-related problems? Menstrual cycle problems affect up to 2.5 million women yearly with physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. They can be treated with NSAIDs, lifestyle changes, SSRIs, or birth control pills, with continuous use showing the most promise. Study, 2007 Could a plant from Costa Rica help with period pain and PMS? Lab tests show that extracts from Justicia pectoralis plant have effects on proteins involved in pain and hormones, which could explain its traditional use. However, the plant has not been tested in people with PMS or dysmenorrhea. Case report, 2007 Does Fluoxetine taken only during the luteal phase help PMDD in teenagers? Yes. One 17-year-old girl had complete resolution of her PMDD symptoms when she took Fluoxetine 20 mg daily during the luteal phase. This is a single case. Study, 2007 How common are premenstrual symptoms and painful periods among Muslim women in Nigeria? In this group, premenstrual symptoms were present in 23.8% of women, with breast pain the most common symptom, and painful periods were present in 36.4%. Review, 2007 Does taking birth control to skip your period improve quality of life if you have menstrual problems? Yes. Birth control pills taken continuously to skip periods may improve quality of life and reduce problems caused by monthly periods, such as pain or severe symptoms. Cohort study, 2006 How should severe period pain in teenagers be treated? Regular pain relief medication (NSAIDs) started before periods begin may help. In one teenager, severe pain improved from 8 out of 10 to 5 out of 10. Case-control study, 2006 Do women with IBS and period pain have worse symptoms? Yes. Women with IBS who also have dysmenorrhea and premenstrual distress report significantly more cramping, depression, anger, and cognitive problems than women with IBS alone. This group may need complex, multicomponent treatment. Survey study, 2006 How common are PMS and period problems in teen girls, and do attitudes affect school attendance? Among urban teens, PMS is very common (84%) and period pain affects 65 percent. Girls with negative expectations about periods are significantly more likely to miss school and activities. Survey study, 2006 What are the common menstrual problems in teenagers and how should they be treated? Common problems include irregular periods, pain, and changes in bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent these from becoming long-term problems. Survey study, 2006 How common is PMS in teenage girls and how severe are the symptoms? 31% of the teenage girls met the criteria for PMS. The most severe symptoms were mood swings, anxiety, and irritability, with the biggest problems at home. Survey study, 2006 Do women with fibromyalgia have more reproductive problems and sleep problems? Yes. Women with fibromyalgia were significantly more likely to have PMS, period pain, and sleep problems, and were less physically active and reported more sexual dysfunction. Survey study, 2005 Does being a morning or evening person affect premenstrual symptoms? In university-age women, those who are evening types reported more mood swings and menstrual pain, but this pattern was not clear in younger teens. Sleep timing and cycle regularity showed some connections in certain regions. Survey study, 2005 Do women with intellectual disabilities experience more period pain and PMS? Women with Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder reported more period pain than is typical. However, the sample was very small and relied on parent reports, so firm conclusions are difficult. Survey study, 2005 What are the main symptoms and impacts of severe period pain in teenage girls? The most common symptoms are cramps, tiredness, backache, swollen belly, and tender breasts. Teenagers with worse symptoms miss more school and take more painkillers. Review, 2004 How can nurses help teenage girls with common period problems, including PMS? This article explains how nurses can better support teen girls with period problems like PMS, but it does not test or prove any treatment works, it is a guide for good care. Interview study, 2004 What causes premenstrual syndrome and PMDD, and how should they be treated? Dysregulation of serotonin and GABA neurotransmitter systems combined with hormone changes causes these conditions. SSRIs, GnRH agonists, Yasmin birth control, cognitive-behavior therapy, lifestyle changes, and placebo all help. Study, 2004 Can extending birth control pills help with period symptoms like pain and headaches? Yes. Most women who tried extending their birth control pills continued using this approach, with 67% still using the extended regimen at their last follow-up visit. Survey study, 2004 How common is PMS in teenage girls, and can diet help it? 61.4% of girls had PMS, mostly mild or moderate. The most common symptoms were stress and nervousness (87.6%). Girls who drank more milk reported less bloating and cramps. Survey study, 2002 Do women with menstrual cramps have different pain sensitivity during their menstrual cycle? A study found that women with moderate to severe menstrual cramps had lower pain thresholds (were more pain-sensitive) during their menstrual period, particularly to heat and pressure, compared to women without menstrual cramps. Non-randomised trial, 2002 Does acetaminophen change body temperature and sleep in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? No. Acetaminophen had no effect on the raised body temperature or altered sleep that normally occur during the luteal phase. This suggests that painkillers that block prostaglandins are not the reason for these luteal phase changes. Study, 2002 Does transcranial electrostimulation help treat PMS? According to this study, yes. Women reported improved mood, disappearing menstrual pain and nausea, normalized cycles, and decreased depression with no side effects. Survey study, 2002 What causes period pain, endometriosis, and PMS in teenage girls, and what treatments work? Period pain affects 80-90% of adolescent girls and is caused by chemicals in the uterus and abnormal muscle contractions. Treatment starts with relaxation and pain relief drugs, or hormonal medications if needed. Review, 2002 What supplements or alternative treatments help PMS symptoms? Several supplements show evidence for helping PMS: calcium, magnesium, vitamin E, thiamine (vitamin B1), and omega-3 fatty acids. Japanese herbal formulas may also help. Survey study, 2002 How do family, school, health, and relationships affect how teenage girls feel about themselves? Menstrual cycle phase, menstrual problems, family situation, and school type did not affect girls' self-esteem or depression. However, having a romantic partner markedly increased girls' self-evaluation. Non-randomised trial, 2002 Does foot reflexology reduce premenstrual syndrome and period pain symptoms? Yes, in this small study of college students, foot reflexology appeared to reduce both PMS and period pain symptoms significantly. However, the study was small and lacked a proper placebo control. Survey study, 2002 Do birth control pills affect mood? Birth control pills help most women's mood by reducing mood swings and sadness during menstruation. However, some women experience worse mood while taking them, especially those with a history of depression or pregnancy mood problems. Survey study, 2001 How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? A clear connection was found between how women view menstruation and their premenstrual symptoms. Women who saw menstruation as weakening them physically and emotionally experienced more premenstrual symptoms. Review, 1999 What do doctors need to consider when diagnosing menstrual problems in teenagers? Doctors must consider both physical causes and emotional or life factors, and conduct thorough exams and take detailed confidential histories. Survey study, 1999 Do cyclical behavioral changes happen in women with mental disabilities, and what helps? Cyclical behavioral changes occur in 18% of women with mental disabilities. NSAIDs helped 65% of those treated, hormone injections helped 66%, and birth control pills helped 40%. Review, 1998 What does research say about diagnosing and treating PMS and PMDD? This review explains that careful symptom tracking and ruling out other conditions are key to diagnosing PMS, and that some promising drug treatments exist for PMDD, though it is unclear if they work as well for milder premenstrual symptoms. Review, 1998 What is premenstrual syndrome and how should it be treated? PMS affects up to 40% of women of childbearing age, with up to 10% having severe symptoms. First-line treatments include reducing salt, fat, caffeine and sugar intake, aerobic exercise, and stress reduction. Survey study, 1998 How common is PMS in women of reproductive age and what factors increase the risk? 30.4% had PMS, with most having mild to moderate symptoms. Women with higher stress, depression symptoms, painful periods, and higher education level had higher rates. Review, 1995 Can GnRHa hormone therapy treat premenstrual syndrome? GnRHa is used to treat PMS, but a 6-month course causes about 8.2% bone loss that may not fully recover, which is a concern for long-term use. Survey study, 1995 What causes menstrual problems and depression in early pregnancy? This is a review of existing research, not a new study. It discusses psychological and biological factors that may contribute to menstrual problems and depression in pregnancy. Review, 1994 Can GnRHa hormone therapy treat premenstrual syndrome long-term? GnRHa treats PMS but causes about 8.2% bone loss in 6 months that may not fully reverse, creating a challenge for longer-term use. Survey study, 1994 What are normal menstrual patterns in teenage girls? Most had normal cycles. About 20% reported severe PMS and 17.2% had severe period pain. Survey study, 1994 Do women with a history of depression experience worse menstrual mood changes? Yes. Women with depression history are more likely to report PMS (31.3%) and their depression during the cycle is more severe and lasts longer. Cohort study, 1994 Who finds cervical laser surgery painful? Young women who have never given birth, are anxious, or have a history of painful periods experience more pain during cervical surgery. Premenstrual syndrome scores did not predict surgical pain. Survey study, 1993 Does the menstrual cycle affect how well female athletes perform? Athletic performance may vary across the menstrual cycle, with better performance right after the period ends and worse performance during the premenstrual time and first few days of menstruation. However, research results have been inconsistent. Review, 1993 Can magnesium help relieve premenstrual mood changes? This review states that magnesium relieves premenstrual mood changes and eases period pain, alongside other roles in pregnancy, but it does not provide specific trial numbers to back up the PMS claim. Survey study, 1993 Do women with diabetes have different menstrual symptoms than women without diabetes? Yes. Women with diabetes reported changes in blood sugar around their period. They also had later periods starting in life, more irregular cycles, and less severe PMS compared to women without diabetes. Survey study, 1993 How common is premenstrual tension among nurses in Kenya? Very common. 95.5 percent of 400 nurses studied reported premenstrual tension, with breast tenderness and bloating being the most frequent symptoms. Non-randomised trial, 1992 Does a new birth control pill with norgestimate control the menstrual cycle well? Yes. Most women had normal bleeding patterns with minimal clinically insignificant changes in flow, cramps, and premenstrual tension. The large sample makes this strong, but no control group limits what we can conclude about the pill itself. Survey study, 1991 What period symptoms do university students have, and how do they manage them? Most students had some premenstrual and period symptoms, and about 23% described them as severe, but most did not see a doctor about it. Survey study, 1991 How common are menstrual symptoms in working women? The most common symptoms were weight gain and swelling (over 60% of women), followed by anxiety, tension, irritability, fatigue, cramps, breast pain, mood swings, and food cravings. Symptoms were more common in younger women. Case report, 1990 Does spinal manipulation help menstrual cramps? In one woman's experience, spinal manipulation and soft tissue therapy reduced her pain episodes and pain levels during menstruation. Survey study, 1989 Are premenstrual symptoms as common as period pain in teenage girls? Premenstrual symptoms are very common in teenage girls (86%), as common as period pain (91%). Most girls don't know what causes these symptoms or how to treat them. Survey study, 1989 What premenstrual symptoms do adolescent girls experience? Almost all adolescent girls report premenstrual symptoms. Most commonly they experience physical discomfort, water retention, and fatigue, along with mood changes like depression and impulsive behavior. Review, 1989 How should premenstrual syndrome be diagnosed and treated? Daily symptom diaries kept for at least two months are essential for accurate diagnosis. Treatment focuses on reassurance and stress management rather than correcting a single underlying problem, since the cause is unclear. Survey study, 1989 What is the difference between premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea? They are different conditions that occur at different times in the menstrual cycle and require different treatments. Survey study, 1988 How common is severe PMS and does it affect work attendance and healthcare visits? Severe premenstrual symptoms were common, occurring in 44% of women with strong symptoms and 18% with acute symptoms. Women with severe symptoms were more likely to miss work and visit doctors for menstrual problems. Review, 1988 Do NSAIDs like ibuprofen help with period pain and PMS? NSAIDs definitely help with period pain, but there is not yet enough evidence that they help with premenstrual syndrome. Study, 1987 How should doctors treat menstrual problems in the emergency room? This article reviews how to manage common menstrual problems including painful periods, heavy bleeding, and PMS when women come to the emergency room. Survey study, 1987 What are the most reliable signs that ovulation has happened? Progesterone levels are the most reliable sign. Ovulation happens about 8 hours after progesterone rises, 15 hours after LH peaks, and 24 hours after estrogen peaks. Basal body temperature and cervical mucus changes can help but are less reliable on their own. Study, 1987 What causes PMDD and what is the best treatment? The exact cause is unknown and no single treatment has been shown to clearly beat placebo in controlled studies. The condition involves hormone cycling, but doctors do not fully understand the mechanism. Survey study, 1986 Does asthma get worse during certain phases of the menstrual cycle? About a third of women with asthma reported significant worsening of symptoms during the premenstrual and menstrual phases. Women with cycle-related worsening were more likely to have been hospitalized for asthma. Survey study, 1985 Does surgery to remove pelvic scar tissue help with pelvic pain and other problems? Surgery helped with infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse. However, it did not help with painful periods or premenstrual tension. Review, 1985 Do prostaglandin inhibitor drugs help with menstrual symptoms? Yes, prostaglandin inhibitor drugs such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen significantly reduce menstrual symptoms in many women, with rapid relief and few side effects. Survey study, 1985 Which menstrual cycle features relate to how severe premenstrual symptoms are? PMS symptom severity increases along with period pain (dysmenorrhea) and premenstrual spotting, but not with other menstrual cycle features. Social and psychological factors matter more for symptom severity than any menstrual cycle characteristic. Study, 1984 Can nurse practitioners help with menstrual disorders? Yes, nurse practitioners with clinical skills and concern for emotional well-being can help women with premenstrual tension, painful periods, and missing periods through education, diagnosis, and management. Cohort study, 1984 What affects menstrual patterns in teenage girls? Exercise and body fat did not affect menstrual regularity or pain. However, girls living at boarding school (away from home) were more likely to develop irregular cycles than girls living at home. Survey study, 1984 Which hormones cause premenstrual pain? Higher levels of vasopressin (a hormone that makes the uterus contract) may cause premenstrual pain. Severe period pain may result from both vasopressin and prostaglandins working together. Study, 1983 What causes menstrual pain and how is it treated? Menstrual pain occurs when the uterus contracts excessively or blood flow decreases, triggered by substances called prostaglandins released during menstruation. It is treated with anti-prostaglandin drugs. Survey study, 1983 What menstrual symptoms do women report? Women report many different menstrual symptoms that vary widely in type and severity. The symptoms include physical, mood, concentration, and behavior changes. Survey study, 1983 What conditions are commonly found together with PMS? Endometriosis was most common (found in 66 women), followed by dysmenorrhea (31). Women also showed hormone changes, with lower progesterone and higher estrogen in the second half of the cycle. Survey study, 1982 Do women remember their PMS symptoms accurately when asked to recall them? No. Women overestimated symptoms when recalling them weeks later compared to what they had recorded daily. Only menstrual cramps and backache showed agreement between methods. Case report, 1982 Can menstruation cause extreme sleepiness? One 16-year-old girl experienced 1 to 2 weeks of extreme sleepiness linked to her menstrual cycle. The sleepiness completely stopped when she took a birth control pill that prevented ovulation. Case report, 1981 How do hormonal birth control and progesterone affect mood? Hormonal birth control affects mood differently in different women. In some, it causes depression and loss of sexual desire. In others, it has mood-stabilizing effects and can reduce PMS. How progesterone and hormonal birth control affect mood varies from person to person. Review, 1980 How can doctors treat menstrual pain? Birth control pills and ibuprofen-like drugs (NSAIDs) can treat almost all menstrual pain, using imaging tests to identify the cause. This is a review of clinical practice from 1980. Study, 1980 Does dydrogesterone (Duphaston) help premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Dydrogesterone helped relieve depression, headache, swelling, and irregular bleeding in women with PMS, but did not help with breast tenderness. Most women wanted to continue taking it. Study, 1979 Does a hormone-releasing IUD help women who cannot tolerate regular IUDs? Yes, a progesterone-releasing IUD reduced menstrual bleeding and discomfort more often than it increased them, and 76 per cent of women continued using it after one year. Study, 1979 What are normal menstrual patterns? Normal cycles last 21-35 days with 1-7 days of bleeding. About 43% of women experience menstrual pain and 75% experience premenstrual tension. Survey study, 1979 What social and psychological factors are linked to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain? Many factors are linked including age, country of birth, marital status, work attitudes, smoking, drinking, childbearing, sex life, and psychological factors. The study cannot determine if these factors cause PMS. Survey study, 1979 Can menstrual pain and discomfort be divided into two distinct types? No. A statistical analysis of symptom patterns found seven different symptom groupings rather than two types, and women commonly experienced both premenstrual and menstrual symptoms together. Non-randomised trial, 1978 Does high prolactin cause severe period pain? High prolactin was found in 13 of 15 women with severe period pain, and most improved with treatment. We cannot be very sure because the sample was tiny and there was no control group. Survey study, 1977 Can daily symptom tracking help measure menstrual symptoms? Yes, daily symptom tracking can identify menstrual symptom patterns. The method worked as well as other ways of measuring menstrual distress. Non-randomised trial, 1977 Does naproxen-sodium reduce menstrual pain and uterine contractions? Yes, very significantly. A single dose of 1100 mg naproxen-sodium reduced both uterine contractions and menstrual pain in all 10 women studied, with no reported side effects. Survey study, 1975 Are psychological factors linked to menstrual symptoms? Psychological factors were linked to some menstrual symptoms like pain and mood changes, but not to others like water retention. The sample was small and the study is from 1975. Review, 1975 How does a woman's psychological state affect her gynecological health? The author suggests that a woman's psychological equilibrium and sense of identity influence her gynecological health, though this is based on clinical observation rather than controlled research. Survey study, 1964 How common are mood and physical changes around menstruation? Very common. One in nine women reported severe pain, irritability or headache, and one in four had moderate to severe premenstrual tension. Psychological symptoms were linked to personality traits related to anxiety. Study, 1963 Are mood changes before your period linked to personality type? Psychological symptoms like irritability, depression, and tension before the period are linked to personality traits. But painful periods are not. Case report, 1961 What are the main symptoms of premenstrual tension? Premenstrual tension includes mainly anxiety and depression. Some women also have fluid retention, weight gain, and bloating. Most women feel much better once their period starts. Survey study, 1939 Can a skin condition timed to the menstrual cycle be linked to progesterone levels? In one woman, a cyclic skin rash appearing before menstruation, along with menstrual headaches and heavy periods, was linked to high levels of progesterone metabolite in her urine. When hormone therapy lowered this level, she felt relief, but this is only one person. Survey study, 1911 Can fever occurring before menstruation affect women's health conditions like tuberculosis? Medical observations since 1861 describe fever appearing 1 or more days before menstruation and disappearing when bleeding begins. This may affect other health conditions, but detailed findings about how this works are not clearly presented. Study, 1891 What causes premenstrual pain? Premenstrual pain is proposed to be caused by wave-like muscle contractions in the fallopian tubes, based on examination of about 700 tubes from humans and animals. Show more studies Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗