--- title: Students and academic performance: 1173 studies, explained | Niyora description: 1173 studies on students and academic performance and PMS or PMDD, each summarised in plain English: what was tested, who took part, what they found and what url: https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Students and academic performance # Students and academic performance: what the research says 1173 studies on students and academic performance in PMS and PMDD, each explained in plain English. 18 of them use the strongest designs: randomised trials and systematic reviews. Survey study 823 Randomised trial 111 Non-randomised trial 79 Cohort study 48 Study 46 Case-control study 21 Randomised trial, 2026 Does Kundalini Reiki help reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Yes, according to this rigorous double-blind study. Nursing students receiving Kundalini Reiki showed significantly greater improvements in PMS symptoms and quality of life compared to those who received placebo. Randomised trial, 2026 Does calcium and vitamin D supplementation reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking 1,000 mg calcium daily plus 50,000 IU vitamin D every two weeks for 12 weeks showed significantly greater improvements in anger, anxiety, food cravings, physical symptoms, and work efficiency compared to placebo. Randomised trial, 2026 Does aerobic or resistance exercise reduce anxiety in women with PMS? Both aerobic and resistance exercise reduced anxiety and improved emotional control in women with PMS. Resistance exercise was superior to aerobic exercise for reducing anxiety. Randomised trial, 2026 Does a warm footbath help PMS symptoms and sleep quality? A nightly warm footbath during the premenstrual phase reduced PMS symptoms and improved quality of life in women with PMS. It did not improve sleep quality. Randomised trial, 2025 Which is more effective for PMS - Vitagnus, soy, or both together? The abstract provided is incomplete and does not show the full results, so we cannot determine which treatment was most effective. Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? PMS affects 62% of nursing students, and 21% have PMDD or severe PMS, while 72% experience painful periods, disrupting their studies and wellbeing. These students need institutional support and evidence-based treatment. Systematic review, 2025 Does teaching adolescent girls about their menstrual cycle and health help reduce period pain and PMS? Yes. A systematic review of five good-quality studies shows that psychoeducation (structured teaching) significantly reduced period pain and PMS symptoms and improved emotional wellbeing in adolescent girls. Systematic review, 2024 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Africa, and what factors increase the risk? About 47 percent of reproductive-age women in Africa experience PMS, which is high. Starting menstruation at an earlier age is a clear risk factor. Systematic review, 2023 How many women in Turkey have PMS? About 52.2% of Turkish reproductive age women have PMS. Rates vary by group: 59% of high school students, 50.3% of university students, and 66% of women in the general population. Randomised trial, 2023 Does zinc supplementation reduce PMS symptoms in women? Yes. Daily zinc supplementation for 24 weeks significantly reduced multiple PMS symptoms including anger, anxiety, depressed mood, and physical symptoms like breast tenderness and bloating compared to placebo. Systematic review, 2021 How common is PMDD among female students in Ethiopia? PMDD is very common. About 54.5% of female students in Ethiopia have it, though prevalence estimates across studies ranged from 40.8% to 67.6%. Systematic review, 2020 How common is PMS among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia? PMS is very common. About 53% of women of reproductive age have it. Age at first period, menstrual pattern, and hormonal contraceptive use were not significantly associated with PMS. Randomised trial, 2017 Does calcium reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking 500 mg of calcium daily for two months had significantly less severe PMS symptoms than those taking placebo, especially mood and water retention problems. Guideline, 2016 What are the best standards for diagnosing and managing premenstrual disorders? Expert consensus recommends keeping a symptom diary for 2 months before diagnosis, using SSRIs as first-line treatment for PMS, and carefully explaining SSRI side effects to patients. Randomised trial, 2014 Does royal jelly reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, significantly. After 2 months, women taking royal jelly had their PMS scores drop by about half, while those taking placebo had almost no change. Randomised trial, 2009 Is dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D better for severe PMS? Both worked similarly, reducing symptoms by about 4.6% and 4.2% respectively, slightly better than the 3.42% reduction from placebo. The difference between the two active treatments was too small to say one is clearly better. Systematic review, 2004 Do gonadotropin-releasing hormone injections work for premenstrual syndrome? Yes, GnRH injections significantly improve PMS symptoms. Adding hormones does not reduce their effectiveness. Review, 1999 Does vitamin B6 supplement help treat PMS symptoms? Yes, vitamin B6 is beneficial for treating premenstrual syndrome according to a systematic review of published studies. However, the abstract does not provide specific details about the magnitude of benefit. Survey study, 2026 Is PMS worse in medical students with higher stress? Yes. Medical students with high stress are much more likely to have moderate to severe PMS. About 26.5% of students had moderate to severe PMS overall. Cohort study, 2026 Is genetic predisposition to immune cell changes linked to premenstrual disorders and their severity? Possibly. A genetic tendency toward higher white blood cell counts showed a weak association with worse physical PMS symptoms, especially in women whose symptoms started at their first period (p=0.008). However, the connection was not consistent across all markers and needs to be repeated. Survey study, 2026 How does PMS affect test anxiety in nursing students? PMS was linked to higher test anxiety both directly and indirectly through delaying sleep and reduced ability to pay attention. The indirect pathway through sleep delays and attention difficulties accounted for 50% of the link between PMS and test anxiety. Survey study, 2026 Are there different types or patterns of PMDD among Chinese college students? Yes. There are two patterns: one with severe emotional and physical symptoms, and another with milder symptoms. Women with painful periods were more likely to have the severe pattern. Randomised trial, 2026 Which works better for PMDD: cognitive-behavioral therapy or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy? Both therapies reduced stress and improved well-being in PMDD, with cognitive-behavioral therapy being more effective. However, neither significantly improved emotional well-being. Randomised trial, 2026 Can propolis and fennelin reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, both propolis and fennelin reduced PMS symptom severity by about 79%, significantly better than placebo, but the study only lasted 2 menstrual cycles. Survey study, 2026 Does COVID-19 infection or depression affect menstrual periods? Yes, clearly. Both COVID-19 infection and moderate to severe depression were linked to menstrual changes. About 38% of the female students experienced menstrual dysfunction. Survey study, 2026 Do young women with PMS search online for health information more and develop health anxiety from it? Yes. Young women with PMS were more likely to search online for health information and reported higher health anxiety from internet searches. PMS severity remained linked to health anxiety even after accounting for stress and internet time. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Do dietary changes or sun exposure reduce PMS symptoms in adolescent girls? Yes. Both dietary intervention and sun exposure significantly reduced PMS symptoms compared to health education alone. Sun exposure was slightly more effective, with 52.3% of girls showing clinical improvement compared to 46.5% in the diet group. Survey study, 2026 What dietary, lifestyle, and psychological factors are associated with PMS in young women? Stress and sleep problems were independently associated with PMS. Diet and weight were not independently associated with PMS after accounting for other factors. This is a cross-sectional study, so these are associations, not proof of cause and effect. Lab study, 2026 Do core stability exercises help women with PMDD? Yes. After 8 weeks of core stability exercises, women with PMDD had reduced pain and improved ability to do daily activities. Survey study, 2026 Does exercise help college women with period problems and mental health? Yes. College women who do moderate to vigorous exercise have less severe period problems, lower stress, fewer depression symptoms, and better sleep quality. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does video-guided digital menstrual exercise reduce PMS and period pain in adolescent girls? Yes. The exercise group was much more likely to have no PMS symptoms (74.3%) and no period pain (34.3%) compared to the control group. Survey study, 2026 What factors affect PMS in university students and does it impact schoolwork? About 15% of students had significant PMS. More than half said it affected their schoolwork. Strong family support reduced PMS, and students with PMS were less likely to have very dysfunctional families. Survey study, 2026 Do nursing students with PMS experience excessive daytime sleepiness? Yes, most experienced mild sleepiness (55.1%) and sleepiness increased with PMS severity. However, only 2 students had severe PMS, so we cannot be confident about that group. Survey study, 2026 Is academic stress linked to PMS severity in university students? Yes, clearly. Higher stress levels were linked to worse PMS symptoms. Cohort study, 2026 Are diet and lifestyle linked to premenstrual symptoms in college students? Yes. Regular exercise was linked to lower rates of significant PMS, while smoking and certain foods were linked to higher rates. However, this is an observational study so we cannot know if these factors actually cause PMS. Cohort study, 2026 Does the menstrual cycle phase affect how much physical activity women do? No. In active women, daily physical activity remained stable across all menstrual cycle phases (around 50 minutes per day), even when premenstrual symptoms were present. Randomised trial, 2026 Does yoga or foot reflexology work better for teenage PMS? Yes, both work. Yoga reduced PMS scores by 24.27 points and foot reflexology by 18.25 points, with yoga being significantly better. Study, 2026 What are premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Between 5% and 8% of women have moderate-to-severe symptoms that cause significant problems with work, relationships, and daily life. These are called PMS or PMDD. PMDD is the most severe form. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD among college women and what increases the risk? About 17.4% of college women screened positive for probable PMDD. Living with a boyfriend, having severe period pain, and having longer menstrual cycles were associated with higher odds. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD among female medical students and what triggers it? 11% screened positive for PMDD and 42.5% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Main triggers were stress, poor health, poor nutrition, and exams, though most managed symptoms without seeing a doctor. Survey study, 2026 What factors most strongly drive PMS severity in female engineering students? Stress, poor sleep quality, and academic burnout are the strongest drivers of PMS, together explaining 74% of symptom severity. Exercise and diet also matter but are less influential. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in female medical students and how much does it affect their daily life? About two-thirds experience common symptoms like fatigue and mood swings. PMS affects emotional well-being in 34.5%, social interactions in 22.3%, and school performance in 21.5%, but most students avoid seeing doctors. Survey study, 2026 How common are severe PMS and PMDD in young women, and what are the risk factors? About 26% had moderate to severe PMS and 7.3% had PMDD. Risk factors included not exercising, living in rural areas, starting periods early, and not getting enough sleep. Cohort study, 2026 Are stress, physical activity, and diet linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Higher stress was associated with worse PMS, moderate-intensity exercise with better outcomes, and higher red meat consumption with more severe PMS. But this observational study cannot prove these factors cause the changes. Survey study, 2026 Does the Chinese version of the PMS screening questionnaire work well? Yes. The Chinese version is reliable and valid for identifying PMS and PMDD in Chinese college students. Survey study, 2026 Is low backache during PMS linked to changes in daily behavior among female medical students? Yes. Students with higher backache risk during PMS had more severe behavior disruptions. The two were strongly connected. Survey study, 2026 Can self-compassion improve emotional well-being in women with PMS? Yes. Self-compassion partly explained why worse PMS severity linked to poorer quality of life, especially for social and emotional well-being. Women who were more self-compassionate had better quality of life despite PMS. Survey study, 2026 Do female medical students living in hostels have worse PMS than those who commute? Yes. Students living in hostels had significantly worse PMS symptoms overall, especially anxiety, mood swings, social withdrawal, cramps, and back pain. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does a lifestyle education program reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. An education program on diet, exercise, and relaxation significantly reduced PMS severity and improved depression. Effects on anxiety and stress were not significant. Randomised trial, 2026 Does Emotional Freedom Technique reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who used Emotional Freedom Technique had significantly fewer PMS and menstrual symptoms and better quality of life than those who did not. Randomised trial, 2026 Does mandala coloring reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who colored mandalas had significantly lower PMS symptom severity scores compared to the control group. Randomised trial, 2026 Can nutrition education reduce PMS severity? One hour of nutrition education plus follow-up support significantly reduced PMS severity and improved diet quality in women with PMS. The approach is practical and low-cost. Randomised trial, 2026 Does training based on health promotion model reduce PMS symptoms, emotional eating, and stress? Training reduced fatigue and depressive thoughts related to PMS, but did not significantly improve overall emotional eating or perceived stress. Randomised trial, 2026 Does acceptance and commitment therapy help women with PMS manage emotions and unhelpful thoughts? Yes. Eight weeks of acceptance and commitment therapy improved emotional regulation and reduced unhelpful thought patterns in women with PMS, with benefits lasting at least 2 months after treatment. Review, 2026 How much do PMS and menstrual disorders affect women's work, school, and quality of life? Significantly. PMS and related menstrual disorders reduce quality of life, mental health, and work productivity. Most productivity loss comes from working while unwell rather than missing work. Case-control study, 2026 Is PMS linked to poor quality of life in female medical students and doctors? Yes. Women with PMS had significantly higher odds of poor quality of life compared to those without PMS, even after accounting for age, weight, marital status, and work experience. Survey study, 2026 Is the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool valid in Serbian? Yes. The Serbian version works well and is reliable. All items measured what they were supposed to measure. Survey study, 2026 Is emotional dysregulation linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes, emotional dysregulation is significantly linked to premenstrual symptoms. Women with poor emotional regulation are more likely to experience severe premenstrual symptoms. Systematic review, 2025 What are the main trends in research about premenstrual disorders and related conditions? Research on premenstrual disorders has grown steadily from 1999 to 2023. Most research comes from North America. Scientists are increasingly studying connections between PMDD and bipolar disorder. Survey study, 2025 Do adverse childhood experiences increase PMS and menstrual symptoms in adulthood? Yes. Women who experienced four or more adverse childhood experiences were nearly three times more likely to have severe premenstrual symptoms and more than five times as likely to have PMDD compared to those with fewer or no adverse experiences. Survey study, 2025 Is premenstrual syndrome severity linked to academic performance in adolescent girls? More severe premenstrual syndrome was significantly associated with poorer academic performance (p < 0.001). However, the study cannot prove that PMS causes poor grades; stress might cause both, or other factors might explain the link. Randomised trial, 2025 Do coping skills training or acupressure better reduce premenstrual stress? Both coping skills training and acupressure significantly reduced premenstrual stress compared to no treatment. The two treatments were equally effective, so either could be used based on preference. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does doing aquatic activities help reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes, girls who participated in aquatic activities had significantly fewer PMS symptoms than those who did no water exercise. Survey study, 2025 Is the Chinese uncertainty anxiety scale reliable for measuring PMS-related anxiety? Yes. The scale is reliable and valid for measuring how much women with PMS struggle with uncertainty and worry. This helps identify psychological problems in this group. Randomised trial, 2025 Does emotional freedom techniques help with premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, women who received emotional freedom techniques had significantly lower PMS scores (76.8 vs 127.4, p<0.05) than those who did not, showing it is an effective non-medication approach. Randomised trial, 2025 Does aerobic exercise with lifestyle changes reduce PMS symptoms in college students? Yes, aerobic exercise combined with lifestyle changes significantly reduced PMS severity and improved quality of life compared to lifestyle counselling alone. Randomised trial, 2025 Can hypnosis ease anxiety, stress and low mood in women with PMS? Yes, in this small trial women who had hypnosis sessions ended up with lower depression, anxiety and stress scores than women who had no treatment, but the study was small and not blinded. Survey study, 2025 Does sleep quality affect the severity of premenstrual symptoms? Yes, women with poor sleep quality had significantly higher scores for premenstrual symptoms across all phases of the menstrual cycle compared to those with normal sleep quality. Study, 2025 Can group therapy help adolescent girls with PMS manage emotions and reduce binge eating? Yes. Adolescent girls who received group supportive psychotherapy showed significant improvement in anger control, mood, anxiety, and positive emotions, and a significant reduction in binge eating compared to girls who did not receive treatment. Randomised trial, 2025 Does web-based health education help women with university-age PMS? Yes, web-based health education significantly reduced PMS symptoms and improved quality of life, with improvements lasting through at least two more menstrual cycles. Survey study, 2025 Is emotional eating linked to PMS in university women? Yes. Female students with PMS, especially those with mood and behavior symptoms, were more likely to eat in response to emotions rather than hunger. Students without PMS were less likely to do this. Survey study, 2025 What factors are associated with more severe PMS in medical school students? Medical students with irregular periods, longer menstrual cycles, heavier bleeding, longer duration of premenstrual symptoms, and a family history of PMS were significantly more likely to have severe symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Are food cravings and hedonic hunger linked to PMS? Yes. Students with PMS had higher scores on hedonic hunger (eating for pleasure, not fuel) and food cravings. These were linked to emotional eating and to the severity of PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Do certain nutrients and body weight affect PMS? Yes. Higher energy intake and fat intake were significantly related to PMS, as was abnormal body weight (both underweight and overweight). Other nutrients tested were not significantly related. Survey study, 2025 What do adolescent girls in Pakistan know and think about PMS? Most know PMS exists but many don't understand its symptoms or how to manage it. Only 35% correctly linked symptoms to PMS, though 63% saw it as a normal part of menstruation. Survey study, 2025 What psychological and personal factors predict which university students will develop premenstrual syndrome? High anger, low social support, childhood trauma, high stress, negative attitudes toward menstruation, and poor satisfaction with gender roles all predict PMS. However, results are limited to university students in one country. Survey study, 2025 Can anxiety and depression predict how severe PMS will be? Yes. Depression and anxiety strongly predict PMS severity. When depression increased by one level, PMS risk went up 41%. When anxiety increased by one level, risk went up 51%. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMDD among female medical students in Vietnam? PMDD affects 4.2% of female medical students at this university. The study also found that menstrual cycle length, regularity, electronics use, and alcohol drinking are linked to PMDD. Survey study, 2025 How common are premenstrual symptoms in college students? Premenstrual symptoms are very common, affecting 85 percent of college students in this study. The most frequent symptoms are mood changes like depression and irritability, along with physical discomfort like headaches and fatigue. Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and painful periods among female medical students in Saudi Arabia, and what causes them? Both are very common - 78.33% have PMS and 75.67% have painful periods. Young age, not being married, stress, fatty foods, and coffee drinking increase the risk. Cohort study, 2025 What causes migraine in female college students who have PMS? Among college students with PMS, those with migraine have worse sleep quality and higher anxiety. Poor sleep and anxiety appear to predict migraine risk. Survey study, 2025 Does PMS affect quality of life in female university students? The study found that managing PMS can improve quality of life in female university students. Survey study, 2025 Is PMS connected to mental health problems and lifestyle choices? Yes, 64% of nursing students had PMS and it was strongly linked to depression, anxiety and stress. PMS was also more common in students who smoked, drank alcohol, drank coffee or reported psychological problems. Survey study, 2025 Does PMS make teenage girls more anxious and reduce their quality of life? Yes, PMS significantly increases social anxiety and reduces quality of life in teenage girls. The effect was stronger in urban areas and in school-going girls. Survey study, 2025 Do female athletes have lower PMS than female non-athletes? Yes. Female athletes had noticeably lower PMS and night eating syndrome compared to female non-athletes. Survey study, 2025 Does how women cope with stress affect their PMDD symptoms? Yes. Women with stress had worse PMDD symptoms, especially if they avoided dealing with the problem. Using better coping strategies helped reduce symptom severity under stress. Randomised trial, 2025 Can coping skills training reduce premenstrual stress? Yes. Women who received coping skills training had significantly greater reductions in premenstrual stress compared to women with no training. They also improved their coping strategies. Randomised trial, 2025 Does Emotional Freedom Technique reduce PMS symptoms and pain? Yes, Emotional Freedom Technique significantly reduced PMS symptoms and pain scores. Results were statistically significant, though the study was small. Randomised trial, 2025 Does curcumin reduce PMS and period pain symptoms? Yes, somewhat. Women taking curcumin showed modest but statistically significant improvements in PMS and period pain symptoms by the second menstrual cycle compared to placebo. Survey study, 2025 What affects sleep quality in nursing students? Several factors affect sleep quality: perceived mental health, PMS symptoms, perceived stress, and psychological well-being. Together, these explained about half the differences in how well students slept. Randomised trial, 2025 Does group counseling based on positive psychology help students with premenstrual syndrome? Yes, women who received positive psychology counseling significantly improved their psychological resilience and coping ability immediately and 2 months after treatment (p=0.001). Randomised trial, 2025 Does mindfulness training help with pain and emotional stress in PMDD? Yes, mindfulness training reduced pain intensity and increased distress tolerance in 32 students with PMDD, and these improvements lasted 3 months after training ended. Survey study, 2025 Does physical activity help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, there was a clear link between more exercise and less severe PMS symptoms. The improvement came both from exercise itself and partly from exercise reducing anxiety. Survey study, 2025 Are premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms, stress, and sleep quality linked in female nursing students? Yes, there was a clear link between more premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms and higher stress, and between stress and worse sleep. Survey study, 2025 Is a Chinese version of a PMDD screening tool reliable and valid for identifying PMDD? Yes. The Chinese version is reliable and accurately identifies PMDD in college students. It can distinguish women with PMDD from those without. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among adolescent girls and what factors are linked to it? PMS affects 59.2% of adolescent girls in Goa, India, and is linked to earlier first period, heavier menstrual bleeding, and period pain. Certainty is moderate. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does progressive muscle relaxation reduce PMS in adolescent girls? Yes, significantly. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises reduced premenstrual syndrome symptoms according to statistical analysis. Survey study, 2024 Does a psychosomatic relaxation package help adolescent girls with PMS? Yes, the relaxation package significantly increased knowledge (p=0.001), reduced symptom experience (p=0.001), and improved lifestyle practices (p=0.001) compared to routine care. Certainty is moderate. Survey study, 2024 How much do Indonesian 9th graders know about PMS and what are their attitudes? Most girls (56.25%) had a positive attitude toward PMS, but only 15.6% showed good knowledge about managing it. Systematic review, 2024 Does being physically active lower the risk of PMS in college students? It looks that way. Female college students with higher physical activity levels had a lower risk of premenstrual syndrome, but this is based on a small number of studies. Survey study, 2024 Is PMS linked to mental health problems and stress in teenage girls? Yes, PMS was strongly linked to anxiety, depression, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts in Polish teenage girls, along with stress and risky behaviors. However, finding a link doesn't prove PMS causes these problems. Survey study, 2024 Does diet affect menstrual disorders including PMS? Yes, poor diet and low physical activity are linked to menstrual disorders including PMS. Women following a Mediterranean diet and exercising regularly had better menstrual health. Randomised trial, 2024 Can stress inoculation training reduce anxiety, depression, and stress in students with PMS? Yes. Computer-based stress inoculation training significantly reduced PMS severity, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in university students. Randomised trial, 2024 Does a herbal soft gel capsule with three oils reduce PMS symptoms? The capsule reduced women's PMS symptoms when compared to their baseline, but was not significantly better than taking sunflower oil. Review, 2024 Does yoga help reduce period pain and premenstrual symptoms? A review of 7 studies found that yoga may help reduce pain in dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome. However, evidence is limited since this is a review of other studies rather than testing yoga directly. Survey study, 2024 What menstrual and mental health factors are linked to high-risk premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Heavy periods, irregular cycles, severe period pain, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and low resilience were all linked to higher PMDD risk. Resilience might help buffer the effects of anxiety and depression. About half of students studied had high-risk PMDD. Interview study, 2024 How do young women use period tracker apps to manage their menstrual cycles? Most young women use period tracker apps mainly to predict their next period. The apps help women understand their cycles better, but they need to be more accurate and provide better education. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD among university students and what factors increase the risk? PMDD affected 64.6% of university graduating students. Severe menstrual pain, irregular periods, and depression were the strongest linked factors. Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD among female medical students and do they affect schoolwork? 34.6% of female medical students had PMS and 5% had PMDD. Both conditions significantly interfered with students' schoolwork and social activities. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD in high school students and what factors are linked to it? About one-third of high school students (33.03%) had PMDD. Depression, stress, irregular periods, and longer menstrual bleeding were the strongest linked factors. Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD in young Turkish women and what factors are linked to them? PMS affects about 49% of young Turkish women and PMDD about 48%. Blood type B was far more likely to have PMS than blood type A. Lower physical activity, longer menstrual cycles, more caffeine, and depression were also linked to PMDD. Survey study, 2024 What factors are linked to PMS in school-age girls? 22% of these Ethiopian school students had PMS. Heavy coffee drinking and sleep problems were the strongest risk factors, while exercise was protective. Results are from one city in Ethiopia. Randomised trial, 2024 Does doing art activities help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who participated in weekly art activities for 8 weeks had significant improvements in PMS symptoms, while the control group showed no change. Randomised trial, 2024 Does practicing yoga twice weekly for 8 weeks reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Yes. University students who practiced yoga twice a week for 8 weeks had significant reductions in PMS symptoms and stress, with improvements lasting 24 weeks. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does metacognitive therapy help women with PMDD reduce dysfunctional thinking? Yes, metacognitive therapy reduced dysfunctions in women with PMDD. The therapy accounted for approximately 24.3% of the improvement in dysfunctional attitudes. Randomised trial, 2024 Do Pilates exercises help women with PMS manage emotions and stress? Yes. Pilates exercises significantly improved emotion regulation and stress tolerance in women with PMS, with benefits lasting at follow-up. Randomised trial, 2024 Do positive psychology and physical activity help PMS symptoms? Yes. Both positive psychology and physical activity significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress in students with PMS, with benefits appearing about two months after the interventions. Randomised trial, 2024 Can yoga or muscle relaxation exercises ease PMS symptoms? Yes, in this small trial, students who practiced yoga, or yoga plus progressive muscle relaxation, had lower PMS scores afterward than those who did only relaxation or nothing. Survey study, 2024 Did COVID-19 stress cause changes in menstrual cycles? Yes, the pandemic was linked to menstrual cycle changes, and women with these changes were more likely to have depression and sleep problems, though the study can't prove stress caused the changes. Cohort study, 2023 How common are premenstrual symptoms among teenage girls? Over half of teenage girls have premenstrual symptoms like back pain, acne, and mood changes, but 60% do not know that premenstrual syndrome exists. Cohort study, 2023 Do girls with intellectual disability have worse menstrual quality of life? Girls with intellectual disability had similar menstrual patterns to other girls, but experienced significantly lower quality of life during menstruation and missed much more school due to periods. Survey study, 2023 What factors make some women more likely to have PMS or PMDD? Several factors were linked to higher risk of PMS or PMDD: negative Rh blood type, depression, and drinking caffeine more than three times a week. Women who had their first period at a later age had lower risk. Survey study, 2023 Are PMS symptoms linked to loneliness in adolescent girls during COVID-19? Yes. Girls with worse PMS symptoms were more likely to feel lonely. About 29% of girls felt lonely, and 16% of lonely girls had serious psychological distress. Survey study, 2023 Does pilates plus breathing exercise help quality of life and sleep in women with PMS? Yes. After 8 weeks, women who did pilates and breathing exercises had clear improvements in quality of life and sleep compared to those who did breathing only. Case-control study, 2023 Does premenstrual syndrome affect school attendance and grades? Yes, PMS was strongly linked to school absences and lower grades. About 44.2% of students with PMS missed school because of it. Randomised trial, 2023 Does progressive muscle relaxation reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Thirty minutes of daily progressive muscle relaxation for 4 weeks significantly reduced all physical, psychological, and behavioral PMS symptoms compared to no treatment. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does a school health education program reduce PMS symptoms? A 4-week health education program significantly reduced moderate and severe PMS and PMDD symptoms in high school girls compared to a control group, though the study was limited to one school. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does education about healthy lifestyle reduce PMS symptoms in high school girls? Yes. High school girls who received four educational sessions about PMS and healthy lifestyle had fewer PMS symptoms and better health beliefs than the control group at three months. Survey study, 2023 What factors make premenstrual syndrome worse in nursing students? The study found that PMS is linked to menstrual pain, poor sleep, neuroticism (a personality trait), and stress. These factors together explain about 44% of why some students have worse PMS than others. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD in first-year medical students? About half (50.6%) had PMS and 8.7% had PMDD. Age at first period, weight, and BMI did not predict who had PMS or PMDD. Study, 2023 Does personality type affect premenstrual syndrome and health behaviors? Women with Type D personality had higher PMS symptoms than other women, and also showed differences in health behaviors, especially stress management. Survey study, 2023 What factors make PMS worse in college students? Depression, stress, sleep problems, and eating attitude problems are all linked to worse PMS. Most students had symptoms severe enough to be called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Cohort study, 2023 Does sexual desire change across the menstrual cycle? Sexual desire does change with the menstrual cycle on average, but the pattern varies greatly between women. Some show increased desire mid-cycle while others show no change. Survey study, 2023 Does quality of life and thinking patterns affect how bad PMS is? Yes. Women with better quality of life have less PMS. Women with more unhelpful thinking patterns have more PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in secondary school students and what makes it more likely? About 6 out of 10 secondary school girls had PMS. Girls with period pain, a family history of PMS, or who were overweight were more likely to have PMS, while girls with normal weight were less likely. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? In 430 rural girls, 8.8% had PMDD and 17.4% had PMS. PMDD was significantly linked to depression, anxiety, menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and family type. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in high school girls and what helps them cope? PMS was found in 41.2% of high school girls. The most common coping strategies were visiting health clinics (42.6%), listening to music (40.0%), and taking showers (38.0%). Girls with family history or using hormonal birth control were more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2023 How common are menstrual problems in university students, and do they affect quality of life? Menstrual problems are extremely common, with 98% reporting some problem. The most common are premenstrual symptoms and period pain, both of which significantly reduce quality of life and school attendance. Survey study, 2023 Is stress a risk factor for PMS in young women? Yes. Stress is linked to PMS. More than 3 out of 4 students had PMS, and those with high stress, younger age, irregular exercise, and living away from home were more likely to have it. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS in female college students and does it affect quality of life? 62.7% of 300 female college students had PMS, and it was associated with poorer quality of life across all areas. The most common symptoms were back, joint, and muscle aches. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD in medical students, and does PMS affect work quality of life? About 29.4% of medical students had severe PMS and 6.1% had PMDD. Students with PMS had significantly lower work quality of life, though many students dropped out of the second part of the study. Case-control study, 2023 Do women with premenstrual syndrome respond differently to emotional stress? Yes. Women with PMS showed different brain wave patterns and lower stress hormone levels. These differences were moderately linked to how severe their PMS was. Cohort study, 2023 How common is PMS in young women, and do they have ways to manage it? About 4 in 10 young women had PMS. Most found simple ways to manage symptoms like hot or cold drinks and talking to family. Randomised trial, 2023 Does a mindfulness stress reduction program reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, in this trial, women who completed an 8-week mindfulness program had significantly lower PMS symptom scores than women in a control group. Randomised trial, 2023 Does peer education work as well as healthcare provider education for PMS in high school students? Both peer education and healthcare provider education reduced PMS and improved general health in high school students compared to a control group. Both approaches appear equally effective. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does pelvic stability exercise help PMS and back pain? Yes, pelvic stability exercise significantly improved PMS symptoms, back pain, and pelvic alignment compared to no exercise (p<.05). Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD in high school girls, and what factors increase risk? About 1 in 3 high school girls have moderate-severe PMS and 1 in 8 have PMDD. Dysmenorrhea, poor general health, family history of PMS, and excess salt intake increase risk. Survey study, 2023 Does eating more fiber help reduce PMS symptoms? In this study of 85 medical students, there was no clear difference in PMS severity between those who ate more fiber and those who did not. Cohort study, 2023 Does physical activity reduce PMS in high school girls? Yes. High school girls who attended physical education classes at least twice per week had significantly lower odds of PMS compared to those with fewer PE classes. Cohort study, 2023 Does recreational physical exercise reduce premenstrual symptoms in teenage girls? Possibly. Girls who exercised 3 or more times per week had lower depression. However, older age and higher weight were linked to worse symptoms. Survey study, 2022 How much do nursing students know about PMS and how well do they cope with it? In this study of 100 nursing students, most had moderate knowledge about PMS and good ways of coping with it. There was a clear connection between understanding PMS better and coping with it better. Survey study, 2022 How much does PMDD affect academic quality of life in female college students? In this study of 239 health sciences students, nearly all experienced PMDD symptoms (physical 98.7%, psychological 97.5%, some social 58.2%), and about half said it affected their academic quality of life (46.9%). Non-randomised trial, 2022 Does progressive muscle relaxation exercise reduce PMS in teenage girls? Yes, progressive muscle relaxation exercise significantly reduced PMS symptoms in teenage girls compared to no exercise. Study, 2022 Do women whose mood changes a lot during the menstrual cycle have worse mood overall? Yes. Women who experience menstrual cycle-related changes in mood, whether around the period or in the middle of the cycle, have higher average levels of negative mood overall. Survey study, 2022 Is a shorter PMS symptom questionnaire as good as the full version? Yes. A 9-item version works as well as the original 14-item questionnaire for detecting PMS symptoms and is quicker to complete. Survey study, 2022 Does eating certain foods increase the risk of PMS? Women with PMS ate more sugary and processed foods, and eating these frequently was linked to higher PMS risk. A diet low in simple sugars is recommended. Survey study, 2022 Does an electronic booklet help women improve their self-care and manage PMS symptoms better? Yes. After using an electronic booklet about PMS, women had fewer unhealthy habits and reported clear changes in their physical, behavioral, and emotional responses to PMS. Randomised trial, 2022 Does online counselling using cognitive-behavioral techniques help PMS symptoms? This abstract is a data description and does not report the study results. Randomised trial, 2022 Does yoga reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, yoga significantly reduced multiple PMS symptoms including pain, water retention, and mood changes in adolescent girls. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Does an educational program improve how secondary school girls manage PMS? Yes. Girls who received an educational program improved their PMS-related practices compared to those who did not. Improvements were seen at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the program. Randomised trial, 2022 Does listening to music reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms and improve quality of life? Yes. Music significantly reduced PMS symptoms and improved quality of life scores in physical, psychological, and environmental areas. However, because the study only measured right after the music stopped, we are uncertain how long improvements last. Randomised trial, 2022 Does PMS50 supplementation reduce psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome? Yes, it helped several psychological symptoms like mood, anxiety, and irritability compared to placebo. The study was small, so we need larger trials to be sure. Study, 2022 How does the menstrual cycle affect teenage girls' physical and mental health? Teenage girls aged 13-16 showed worsening of premenstrual symptoms, emotional wellbeing, and school adjustment during the premenstrual phase compared to after menstruation. Physical health was an important factor. Randomised trial, 2022 Does internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Yes. Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced PMS symptoms and improved quality of life during the period itself, though not during less-symptomatic phases. Case-control study, 2022 Are zinc and antioxidant levels different in women with PMS? Yes. Women with PMS have lower zinc and antioxidant levels than women without PMS. Antioxidant levels appear linked to diet, particularly intake of antioxidant-rich foods. Survey study, 2022 Does PMDD affect how confident university students feel about their schoolwork? Yes, university students with PMDD report significantly lower confidence in their ability to do schoolwork and other tasks compared to students without PMDD. Cohort study, 2022 Does more physical exercise reduce the chance of having PMS in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with at least 2 physical education classes per week were much less likely to have PMS. Those with less than 2 classes per week were 4.43 times more likely to experience PMS. Survey study, 2022 Is severe period pain and PMS linked to stress and missing school in medical students? Yes, both severe period pain and PMS are strongly linked to higher stress levels and missing classes among female medical students. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among female college students in China and what increases the risk? About 51% had PMS. Anxiety, stress, smartphone addiction, and painful periods increased risk. Getting more sleep was protective. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Does group counseling improve quality of life and reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Group counseling improved overall quality of life and some specific areas immediately after treatment, with improvements lasting one month later. Study, 2022 How do depression and parent communication affect premenstrual syndrome in high school girls? Depression was linked to more PMS symptoms. Open and supportive communication with parents was linked to fewer symptoms. Together with menstrual pain and grade level, these factors explained about 34.4% of the variation in PMS symptoms. Randomised trial, 2022 Can emotional freedom techniques (tapping) help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. In a study of 50 nursing students with PMS, those who learned and practiced emotional freedom techniques showed significant improvements in depression, fatigue, nervousness, sleep problems, and swelling. Survey study, 2022 Does physical activity reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who were more physically active (at least 3000 MET-minutes per week) had significantly lower total PMS symptoms, physical symptoms, and psychological symptoms than less active women. Survey study, 2022 Does physical activity reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who were more physically active (at least 3000 METs per week) had significantly lower total PMS symptoms, physical symptoms, and psychological symptoms than less active women. Randomised trial, 2022 What research topics and methods have scientists focused on when studying PMS and PMDD? Scientists have focused research on PMS and PMDD primarily through double-blind medication trials, with recent trends shifting toward understanding steroid hormone pathways and genetic factors. Lab study, 2021 Does Jacobson's relaxation technique help reduce premenstrual syndrome? Yes, girls who practiced the relaxation technique had clearly lower PMS severity compared to girls in the control group. The technique had no side effects. Survey study, 2021 Did COVID-19 stress make PMS worse for young women? Young women who experienced trauma symptoms from COVID-19 had more severe PMS symptoms than those without trauma. This observational study cannot prove that COVID stress causes worse PMS. Case-control study, 2021 Can TSH level and premenstrual spotting help diagnose endometriosis without surgery? High TSH levels and premenstrual spotting might help identify endometriosis, though neither marker alone is definitive. A diagnosis still typically requires surgery to confirm. Study, 2021 How much PMS did health sciences students experience during the COVID pandemic? The study found that students experienced severe PMS symptoms on average. About two-thirds were aged 21-22, and most did not smoke or drink alcohol. Non-randomised trial, 2021 Does teaching girls about PMS improve their knowledge? Yes. Knowledge about PMS increased from 24.1% to 56.3% in girls who received the educational program, while the comparison group showed no improvement. Randomised trial, 2021 Does hypnotherapy reduce pain and emotional distress in women with PMDD? Yes. Hypnotherapy focusing on cognitive flexibility and ego strength reduced pain and emotional distress much more than no treatment. Survey study, 2021 Does exercise and diet affect PMS symptoms in teenagers? Girls who exercised more and had better diet had fewer PMS symptoms. This was studied during pandemic lockdown when normal activity and eating patterns had changed. Survey study, 2021 Can changing diet, sleep, and daily activities reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. When nursing students made lifestyle changes to nutrition, sleep, and daily activities, their PMS symptoms improved significantly. PMS was also linked to poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking exposure, and family history. Survey study, 2021 Does physical activity or age at first period affect how much PMS a teenage girl experiences? Physical activity showed a significant relationship with PMS (p=0.030), meaning girls with low activity had more PMS. Age of menarche did not show a significant relationship (p=0.073). Survey study, 2021 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Saudi women and what symptoms do they experience? PMS is common in Saudi women. The most frequently reported symptoms were severe body aches (40.9%), severe mood swings (37.5%), and mild lack of concentration (36.2%). Survey study, 2021 How many female medical students have PMS and how much does it affect schoolwork? Nearly two-thirds of female medical students (64.9%) have PMS, and it significantly interferes with their daily activities and homework. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMDD among high school girls? About 1 in 20 high school girls (4.89%, or 44 out of 900) had PMDD. The study included girls aged 12-16 in India. Interview study, 2021 How common is PMDD in female university students and what increases the risk? About 21.1% of university students have PMDD. Medical students face higher risk, as do women with heavier periods and certain personality traits like higher anxiety and lower sociability. Randomised trial, 2021 Does ulipristal acetate help premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Yes. After 3 months, women taking ulipristal acetate had 41% improvement in symptoms versus 22% with placebo, and 50% achieved full remission versus 21% with placebo. Survey study, 2021 Does being overweight or not getting enough calcium affect PMS? Being overweight is linked to more severe PMS. Getting enough calcium does not appear to affect PMS severity. Lab study, 2021 Does progressive muscle relaxation or Mozart music therapy reduce stress from PMS? Both progressive muscle relaxation and Mozart music reduced stress in people with PMS, but progressive muscle relaxation reduced it more. Randomised trial, 2021 Does yoga or acupressure help reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Yes, both helped, but yoga was significantly more effective than acupressure. The yoga group had larger reductions in PMS symptoms and bigger improvements in physical health, psychological health, and life circumstances. Randomised trial, 2021 Does nigella sativa oil reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Nigella sativa oil reduced most PMS symptoms compared to placebo, but it did not help with depression or abdominal bloating. Survey study, 2021 At what age do teenage girls first notice premenstrual symptoms? Most girls first noticed PMS around age 15, about 2 years after their first period. Girls who started their period earlier were slightly less likely to develop PMS later. Cohort study, 2020 Does sleeping longer help teenage athletes experience less PMS interference with sports? Yes. Teenage girls who sleep longer in one year are less likely to have PMS symptoms interfere with their athletic performance the next year. Survey study, 2020 Do athletic students have less PMS and period pain than non-athletic students? Athletic and non-athletic students have similar rates of PMS. Nearly all students in both groups experience period pain. Athletes reported somewhat more pain intensity than non-athletes, but the overall PMS severity scores were similar between groups. Survey study, 2020 What factors predict which women will develop PMDD symptoms? How much women ruminate or worry about their problems and having a specific type of period pain are linked to PMDD. Stress and drug use were not linked. The researchers were able to predict PMDD symptoms correctly 90% of the time using these factors. Randomised trial, 2020 Does anise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Anise significantly decreased PMS symptom intensity compared to placebo over two menstrual cycles. Randomised trial, 2020 Does a lifestyle program help young women with irregular periods? The program did not significantly improve menstrual regularity or hormone levels, but it did reduce some PMS symptoms like depression and anxiety and improved sleep. Case-control study, 2020 Is diet quality lower in teenagers with PMS? Yes. Teenagers with PMS have lower diet quality scores. Better diet quality was linked to less anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in girls with PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2020 Does an educational program improve girls' knowledge about PMS? Yes, an educational program significantly improved secondary school female students' knowledge about PMS compared to a control group (P≤0.01), with improvements sustained at a second follow-up test. Randomised trial, 2020 Does Echium amoenum herb help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking Echium amoenum showed much greater reduction in PMS symptom scores than placebo over 2 months, with mean scores dropping from 35.3 to 16.1 compared to 31.0 to 28.3 for placebo. Randomised trial, 2020 Can support delivered through a smartphone app, texting, and email reduce PMS symptoms in university students? Yes, in this small study, students who got this social-media-based support had lower PMS scores and more physical activity than those who did not. Survey study, 2020 How many adolescent girls have PMS, and does teaching them about it help? More than 50% of adolescent girls have PMS. Most girls lack knowledge about what PMS is, but educational programs significantly improve their knowledge. Cohort study, 2020 How common are PMS and painful periods in female medical students, and do they affect school attendance? Very common. 68% of the 100 students had PMS and 45% had painful periods. Both conditions were linked to missing classes and to being overweight or physically inactive. Survey study, 2020 Is PMS common in female university students and linked to anxiety, depression, and stress? PMS is common, with most students having moderate symptoms and 8% experiencing severe PMS. PMS is significantly associated with anxiety, depression, and stress. Survey study, 2020 Are negative feelings about fairness and menstruation linked to stronger premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Women who feel their suffering from menstruation is unfair, and those with negative views of menstruation, report stronger premenstrual symptoms. The connections are clear. Survey study, 2020 Does poor sleep worsen PMS and other menstrual problems? Yes, strongly. Women with poor sleep quality or insomnia are significantly more likely to have irregular periods, heavy bleeding, painful periods, and PMS. Those with insomnia are 1.93 times more likely to have PMS. Randomised trial, 2020 Does health education help women cope with PMS? Yes, a health education programme significantly reduced PMS symptoms more than no education. Women who received the education had much lower symptom scores by the second and third months. Randomised trial, 2020 Can a short course of CBT-based psychoeducation ease PMS symptoms like irritability and fatigue? Yes, in this trial, women who went through five sessions of CBT-based psychoeducation reported fewer depressive thoughts, less irritability, and less fatigue than the control group. Survey study, 2020 Does a Vietnamese version of a PMS screening tool work correctly? Yes. The Vietnamese screening tool reliably identifies women with PMS (sensitivity 77.4%) and especially women without it (specificity 81.8%). However, if the test says you have PMS, you need further testing to confirm. Survey study, 2019 Does exam stress make PMS symptoms worse? Yes. Among medical students preparing for exams, 93.2% with moderate stress had PMS compared to 73.1% with mild stress. However, this was measured at one time point during exams, so we cannot prove stress causes PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does hypnotherapy or virtual reality help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Both hypnotherapy and virtual reality significantly reduced PMS symptoms in girls, while a control group with no treatment showed no change. Survey study, 2019 Do women with PMS have different nutrient levels than healthy women? Yes. Women with PMS had significantly lower vitamin D levels than healthy women. Other minerals tested showed no significant differences. However, this does not prove that low vitamin D causes PMS. Randomised trial, 2019 Does peppermint oil reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Peppermint oil significantly reduced PMS severity compared to placebo, with only about 2 women needing treatment for every 1 who benefited. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does regular aerobic exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise three times per week significantly reduced PMS symptoms, while a control group with no exercise showed no change. Randomised trial, 2019 Does cooling the head during sleep improve sleep quality during the luteal phase? Yes, according to a small study. Young women with daytime sleepiness during the luteal phase showed improved sleep quality with head cooling, including fewer sleep interruptions and more deep sleep. Cohort study, 2019 How do exercise, diet and weight affect menstrual problems? Lack of exercise and poor diet are linked to more menstrual symptoms, and higher weight is linked to both PMS and period pain. The evidence is moderate but cannot prove these cause the symptoms. Survey study, 2019 What lifestyle and sleep habits are linked to PMS in teenage girls? In Japanese high school students, poor sleep quality, long internet use, skipping breakfast, and not playing sports were linked to higher PMS risk, with menstrual pain being the strongest risk factor. This is observational so we cannot be sure these habits cause PMS. Survey study, 2019 What menstrual problems do international students develop when they move to China? Almost half of the international students reported menstrual pattern changes after arriving. Premenstrual symptoms were the most common problem, affecting about one in three students. High stress levels were linked to menstrual changes and period pain. Study, 2019 Do women with PMS or PMDD have different personality traits than women without these conditions? Yes, women with PMS or PMDD had different personality traits. Women with moderate to severe PMS or PMDD were more nervous and anxious, and women with PMDD were less cooperative than women without symptoms or mild PMS. Interview study, 2019 Which PMDD symptoms are most common in college students? Physical symptoms like pain are most common (91.4%), followed by anger and irritability (84.5%). PMDD causes the biggest problems with family relationships and home responsibilities. About 1 in 10 college students meet PMDD criteria. Survey study, 2019 How common are PMS and PMDD in adolescent girls, and how much do they affect daily life? 19.3% of girls aged 8-23 had moderate to severe PMS and 4.6% had PMDD. Nearly 1 in 4 girls missed school because of symptoms, showing PMS significantly disrupts their education. Older age, painful periods, heavy periods, high stress, and having a mother with PMS all increased risk. Study, 2019 How common is PMS in nursing students and what symptoms do they experience? About 63% of nursing students had PMS. The most common symptoms were fatigue (73%), pain (67.7%), and irritability (67.1%). Survey study, 2019 What diet and lifestyle factors are linked to PMS in university students? Smoking and eating foods high in calories, fat, sugar, and salt were linked to higher PMS risk among university students in the UAE. This observational study cannot prove these factors cause PMS. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMDD in teenage girls? Nearly 5% of teenage girls surveyed had PMDD. Girls with PMDD also had higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Survey study, 2019 How common are PMS and PMDD in teenage girls? Over half (53.5%) of female high school students experience PMS and about 1 in 8 (12.22%) experience PMDD. Girls with a family history of PMS are more likely to have these conditions. Schools could help by providing education about PMS. Randomised trial, 2019 Does Salvia officinalis (sage) reduce PMS severity? Yes. Severity decreased by about 20-23 percent over 2 months with sage, significantly more than placebo. Survey study, 2019 What causes severe PMS in female college students with disabilities? The strongest causes of severe PMS were interpersonal stress, gynecological disease, and irregular exercise. Mindfulness and acceptance were the strongest predictors of symptom relief. Survey study, 2019 Do girls with PMS have lower vitamin D and calcium levels? Girls with PMS had lower calcium levels than girls without PMS. Vitamin D was low in both groups with no clear difference between them. Randomised trial, 2019 Does diet and aerobic exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, both diet and aerobic exercise reduced PMS symptoms and period pain over three months. Individual interventions showed clear improvements. Randomised trial, 2019 Do evening primrose oil or vitamin B6 ease PMS symptoms better than placebo? Evening primrose oil significantly reduced PMS symptom severity, while vitamin B6 did not beat placebo in this trial. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does Benson's relaxation technique reduce oxidative stress and PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who used Benson's relaxation technique showed a clear change in oxidative stress markers compared to those who did not. This may help reduce both physical and mental PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2018 How much does PMS affect a teenage girl's quality of life? Girls with PMS had significantly lower quality of life scores across nearly all areas of functioning compared to girls without PMS. Survey study, 2018 Can education about PMS help protect against stress-related symptom worsening? Yes. Girls who received PMS education before an earthquake showed no change in symptoms during the disaster, while those without education experienced worsening symptoms. Randomised trial, 2018 Does inhaling lavender oil help with premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Inhalation of lavender oil reduces PMS symptoms compared with a control group, including anxiety, depression, nervousness, pain, and bloating. Randomised trial, 2018 Does chamomile reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, chamomile was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing physical and psychological PMS symptoms. We can be fairly confident because this was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 118 women. Randomised trial, 2018 Does evening primrose help premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Evening primrose 1000 mg twice daily for 2 months significantly reduced PMS severity compared to placebo, with few side effects. Survey study, 2018 Does aerobic exercise reduce stress and premenstrual symptoms during the luteal phase? Yes. Women who did aerobic exercise had lower stress levels and fewer menstrual symptoms than women who did not exercise. Randomised trial, 2018 Does aromatherapy with rose oil help PMS symptoms? Yes, significantly. Rose oil aromatherapy improved psychological, physical, social, and overall PMS symptoms at 2 months. Survey study, 2018 What factors are associated with PMS in Lebanese university students? The abstract provided does not include results or conclusions. Study, 2018 Does job stress affect how much PMS women experience? Women who reported more job stress also reported more PMS symptoms. Painful periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, and job stress were all connected to worse PMS. Randomised trial, 2018 Does aromatherapy with orange blossom essential oil help PMS? Yes, according to the study, but the result was borderline (p=0.05, which is at the threshold for significance). The orange blossom group improved more than the control group. Cohort study, 2018 How common is PMS in young women and is it related to family history? About 4 in 10 young college women have PMS. Having a mother with menstrual problems does not increase your risk, which suggests family history may be protective. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMS in college women and how much does it affect their studies and social life? PMS is very common. 84.4% of students had PMS, and it seriously interfered with their studies and social activities. Survey study, 2018 How many university students have menstrual problems, and is stress related to them? 91% of the students studied had some kind of menstrual problem. Stress was clearly linked to worse menstrual problems, including pain, absent periods, and premenstrual symptoms. This is a large study but cannot prove stress causes the problems. Survey study, 2018 Do women who exercise regularly have fewer PMS and period pain symptoms than sedentary women? Yes. Sedentary women had significantly more period pain (82% vs 46%) and more PMS symptoms like depressed mood, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. Survey study, 2018 Does higher body weight and body fat relate to worse PMS symptoms? Yes. Higher BMI, body fat percentage, and abdominal fat all correlated with both physical and psychological PMS symptoms. Abdominal fat was the strongest predictor. Randomised trial, 2018 Does 8 weeks of aerobic exercise reduce physical PMS symptoms? Yes, significantly. Aerobic exercise reduced multiple physical symptoms including headache, nausea, constipation, swelling, bloating, vomiting, hot flashes, and appetite increase. Survey study, 2018 Does group counseling help reduce premenstrual syndrome? Group counseling reduced symptom severity compared to no counseling in this trial. Three sessions discussing premenstrual syndrome and self-awareness appeared effective for high school girls. Randomised trial, 2018 Does mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced PMS symptoms immediately after treatment and the improvements lasted at least one month. Survey study, 2018 Does how women think about menstruation affect their PMS symptoms? Yes, women who view menstruation as debilitating or bothersome reported more PMS symptoms than those with more positive views. Survey study, 2017 Does teaching about PMS improve girls' knowledge about how to manage it? Yes. After a structured teaching program, many more adolescent girls had good knowledge about PMS and its management than before the program. Study, 2017 Does how well your body works during exercise change across your menstrual cycle? Yes. Your body works best during the two weeks right after your period and after ovulation, with the strongest heart and lung function in those phases. Survey study, 2017 Do auriculotherapy and vitamin B6 both reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, both auriculotherapy and 40mg daily vitamin B6 reduced PMS symptoms significantly and equally. This is a small study with 42 women per treatment group. Randomised trial, 2017 Does lemon balm capsule or educational support work better for reducing PMS symptoms? Yes, both lemon balm capsules and educational support programs significantly reduced physical, mental, and social PMS symptoms compared to placebo and no treatment. We can be fairly confident because this was a well-designed randomized controlled trial with 200 women tracked over 3 months. Case-control study, 2017 What lifestyle factors are linked to premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Four lifestyle factors showed clear links to PMS: less exercise, higher body weight, more salty foods, and more sugary foods. Study, 2017 Does regular sports help prevent PMS in high school students? Yes. Students who did regular sports had significantly lower PMS levels than students who were sedentary. Survey study, 2017 How common is PMDD in young women in Ethiopia and what factors increase risk? 26.8 percent of students had PMDD. Women with irregular periods, menstrual pain, or not using family planning methods were significantly more likely to have it. Survey study, 2017 Do teenage girls today experience PMS differently than their mothers did at the same age? Yes. Today's students recognize PMS more, have more severe symptoms, and use more strategies to cope than their mothers did at the same age. Cohort study, 2017 How common is PMS in high school students, and what symptoms and problems does it cause? About 3 in 10 of the Thai high school students in this study had PMS, and the most common symptoms were angry outbursts and breast tenderness. PMS was linked to problems with concentration and schoolwork, but not with how they got along with others. Systematic review, 2017 How common is PMS among women in Iran? Very common. Pooling many studies, about 7 in 10 reproductive-age women in Iran had PMS, with the rate highest among high school students. Survey study, 2017 Do girls with clinically significant PMS have worse quality of life than those without it? Yes. Girls with clinically significant PMS reported much worse overall quality of life. While 12% had poor quality of life in the PMS group, none did in the group without PMS. Cohort study, 2017 How does stress relate to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Perceived stress and stress from adjusting to a new culture were the strongest links to symptom severity in Korean international students. In Korean domestic students, a history of sexual abuse was the strongest link. Randomised trial, 2017 Does acupressure at specific points reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, acupressure at points LIV3 and LI4 for 14 days before menstruation reduced PMS symptoms, anxiety, and depression, and improved quality of life compared to placebo acupressure. Non-randomised trial, 2017 Does teaching girls about PMS help them prevent symptoms? Yes. Girls who received four education sessions about PMS showed significant improvements in knowledge and preventive behaviors compared to a control group. Randomised trial, 2017 Does sage extract reduce emotional symptoms of PMS? Yes. A study of 90 women found that sage extract was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing emotional symptoms of PMS after two months of daily treatment. Randomised trial, 2017 Does vitamin B1 reduce appetite changes and food cravings related to premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Vitamin B1 significantly reduced emotional symptoms of PMS by 35.08%, including a reduction in cravings for sweets of 2.42%. Survey study, 2017 Does exercise reduce PMS symptoms differently in people with different temperaments? Yes, exercise reduced symptoms in both groups, but the improvement was much greater in people with cold temperament, where all physical and mental symptoms improved significantly. Cohort study, 2016 Does stress affect premenstrual symptoms in students? Yes, stress is connected to premenstrual symptoms. In international students, depression explained part of this connection. In domestic students, having social support protected against stress affecting symptoms. Guideline, 2016 Can education improve understanding and management of PMS in blind teenage girls? Yes. After receiving an educational guideline about PMS, blind adolescent girls showed significant improvements in knowledge, daily care practices, and pain and anxiety relief. Survey study, 2016 Do vitamin B1 and calcium reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Both vitamin B1 and calcium reduced physical PMS symptoms more than placebo after 2 months. Calcium was better at reducing mood-related symptoms, while both worked equally on physical symptoms. Survey study, 2016 Does yoga or calcium help reduce PMS symptoms in medical students? Both yoga and calcium reduced the number and severity of PMS symptoms over 3 months, while the control group had no improvement. This is a small study, so larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits. Randomised trial, 2016 Does foot reflexology with relaxation training reduce premenstrual symptoms in young women? Yes, adding foot reflexology to relaxation training significantly reduced PMS symptoms more than relaxation training alone. Randomised trial, 2016 Does combining calcium and vitamin B6 reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, combining calcium and vitamin B6 reduced PMS symptoms significantly more than vitamin B6 alone in university students. Randomised trial, 2016 Does cognitive-behavioral therapy improve quality of life in women with premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly improved quality of life in women with PMS, and the benefits lasted for 2 months after treatment ended. Randomised trial, 2016 Does Pilates or vitamin E reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Both Pilates and vitamin E reduced mood and physical symptoms and their impact on daily life, with the two together improving PMS more than either alone. Randomised trial, 2016 Does St. John's Wort or vitamin B6 treat premenstrual syndrome better than placebo? Both St. John's Wort and vitamin B6 reduced PMS symptoms more effectively than placebo. St. John's Wort reduced symptoms by 40%, vitamin B6 by 38%, and placebo by 29%. Survey study, 2016 How common are menstrual problems in teenage girls? Among 285 teenage girls in Egypt, about 66% had period pain, 56% had PMS, and various cycle disorders affected about 8 to 9 percent of girls. Randomised trial, 2016 Does Valerian root extract reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking Valerian root extract had significantly lower emotional, behavioral, and physical PMS symptoms compared to placebo. Randomised trial, 2016 Does lemon balm reduce menstrual bleeding in women with PMS? No. Lemon balm alone and lemon balm combined with Nepeta menthoides did not reduce menstrual bleeding compared to placebo. Randomised trial, 2016 Does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduce PMS, depression and anxiety? Yes. Women who received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy showed significantly lower depression, anxiety, and PMS symptoms than those who received no treatment. Randomised trial, 2016 Can vitamin B1 reduce depression linked to PMS? Yes, in this study vitamin B1 lowered depression scores related to PMS more than placebo, but this is one small trial so more research would help confirm it. Randomised trial, 2016 Does vitamin B1 help reduce mental symptoms of PMS? Yes. Vitamin B1 significantly reduced mental symptoms by 35.08% compared to before treatment in this small study of university students. Survey study, 2016 How many high school students in Japan miss school due to premenstrual symptoms and what increases the risk? About 1 in 9 girls (11.9%) were absent from school due to premenstrual symptoms. Sleep problems, physical symptoms, reduced social activities, and preference for salty food increased the risk. Survey study, 2016 How common is PMS in nursing and midwifery students, and does smoking affect it? About one in three students (33%) have PMS. Current smokers have much higher rates (52.9%) than never-smokers (28.7%), suggesting smoking is linked to worse PMS. Randomised trial, 2016 Does vitamin D improve mood symptoms in girls with severe vitamin D deficiency and PMS? Yes. Girls with severe vitamin D deficiency and PMS who received vitamin D supplements showed significant improvements in anxiety, irritability, crying, and sadness by the fourth month of treatment. Randomised trial, 2015 Does aerobic exercise or fennel reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. After 8 weeks, symptoms were significantly reduced in all intervention groups (fennel, exercise, or both) compared to no treatment, with the combination especially helpful for anxiety and depression. Randomised trial, 2015 Does melissa officinalis (a herbal remedy) help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Melissa officinalis significantly reduced PMS symptom scores in high school girls compared to placebo, with continued improvement over three months. Study, 2015 Does vitamin B6 help reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Teenage girls who took vitamin B6 had a greater decrease in PMS symptoms compared to girls who received placebo. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS and other menstrual problems in teenage girls? Very common. 95% of girls who completed the survey reported some menstrual disorder, and 65% had PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2015 What helps high school girls manage premenstrual symptoms? Understanding how your body and mood change during your menstrual cycle helps reduce premenstrual distress. Family support and understanding also help reduce symptoms. Cohort study, 2015 How common are PMS and PMDD in young women, and are they connected to depression? Two-thirds of young women have some PMS symptoms, about 1 in 10 meet the criteria for PMDD, and women with worse PMS or PMDD are significantly more likely to have depression. Study, 2015 Does evening primrose oil reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking 1500 mg of evening primrose oil daily for 3 months had significant reduction in PMS symptom severity, while women taking placebo did not improve. Randomised trial, 2015 Does zinc supplement help dysmenorrhea and PMS symptoms? Yes. Taking zinc supplements for 4 days before menstruation reduced period pain severity, improved menstrual bleeding, and reduced symptoms like headache, dizziness, and muscle pain compared to placebo. Survey study, 2015 Is PMS related to sleep quality and attitudes about periods? Yes. Women with worse PMS symptoms had worse sleep quality and more negative attitudes about their periods. The associations were statistically significant. Randomised trial, 2014 Is chamomile as effective as mefenamic acid for breast pain associated with PMS? Yes. Chamomile appeared to be similarly effective as mefenamic acid (a standard pain medicine) at reducing the intensity of breast pain associated with PMS. Survey study, 2014 How common is PMS in university students and does it affect their quality of life? PMS is common among university students and clearly reduces quality of life in all areas. Interestingly, overweight and obese students had lower rates of PMS than normal-weight students. Survey study, 2014 How many university students have dysmenorrhea and PMS, and what causes them? 85.1% had dysmenorrhea and 72.8% had PMS. Family history was the strongest risk factor for both. Regular menstrual cycles were protective against dysmenorrhea. Survey study, 2014 What psychological factors are linked to premenstrual syndrome? Psychological factors like difficulty identifying emotions, low social support, neurotic personality, and anxiety are associated with PMS. The strongest link was difficulty identifying emotions, which increased PMS risk 4.39 times. Survey study, 2014 How common is premenstrual syndrome in teenage and young adult girls? About 28 percent of girls aged 13 to 22 had some premenstrual syndrome symptoms, and about 7 percent had severe symptoms. Fatigue and backache were the most common. Study, 2014 Does team-based learning help medical students understand PMS and related conditions? Medical students in teams scored much higher on tests (averaging 94.33%) than when taking tests individually (averaging 72.80%), though they found applying the knowledge to complex cases harder (averaging 53.33%). Randomised trial, 2014 Does vitamin B1 reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Vitamin B1 reduced mental symptoms by 35 percent and physical symptoms by 21 percent compared to placebo. Randomised trial, 2013 Does information about relaxation help adolescents decide to use it for PMS? Yes. Both detailed and general information about relaxation helped adolescents decide to try it more than no information. Detailed information was slightly more effective, though the difference was not statistically significant. Randomised trial, 2013 Does yoga reduce PMS symptoms and physical stress markers? Yes. Women who did yoga for 3 months had significantly lower heart rate, blood pressure, anger, depression, and anxiety, and higher sense of wellbeing compared to controls. Randomised trial, 2013 Does Shirazi thyme reduce premenstrual symptoms? No. Both the herb and placebo reduced PMS symptoms by similar amounts, so the herb provided no extra benefit. Survey study, 2013 What lifestyle and diet factors are linked to PMS in young women? 39.85% of students had PMS. Those with PMS were more likely to eat more eggs, drink more alcohol, sleep poorly, have mental health concerns, have a family history of high cholesterol, and have higher cholesterol levels themselves. Survey study, 2013 Does more physical activity reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, women who are more physically active have significantly fewer PMS symptoms. The relationship is very clear and statistically significant (p<0.001). Survey study, 2013 Does a Persian version of a PMS screening tool work well for Iranian women? Yes, the translated screening tool reliably identified PMS in 30.7% and PMDD in 12.9% of Iranian university students, with good reliability and validity scores. It can be used to detect these conditions in Iranian women. Survey study, 2012 Do women want to stop or reduce their periods? Yes. In this survey of 1,111 Brazilian women, 64.3% said they disliked menstruation. The majority wanted to use contraceptives to reduce or stop bleeding completely. Survey study, 2012 How common are PMS and dysmenorrhea in medical students, and do they affect school performance? PMS is common in medical students but usually mild to moderate. Dysmenorrhea affects 67% and is linked to worse school performance. Diet changes may help reduce symptoms. Survey study, 2012 What menstrual problems are most common in nursing students? Irregular periods and PMS are very common, affecting 80.7% and 54% of students respectively. Many said these problems affected their daily activities and schoolwork. Survey study, 2012 Is there a link between premenstrual symptoms and period pain in teenage girls? Yes, girls with worse period pain are more likely to have moderate-to-severe PMS or PMDD. However, this shows correlation, not which problem causes the other. Survey study, 2012 Does core stability exercise reduce menstrual pain and PMS? Yes. Women who did core stability exercises had clear improvement in both menstrual pain and PMS symptoms, while women who did not exercise had minimal changes. Survey study, 2012 Is severe PMS linked to psychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety? Yes. Women with PMS have significantly higher depression, anxiety, aggression and interpersonal sensitivity than healthy women. These symptoms increase as PMS becomes more severe. Survey study, 2011 How do teenage girls feel about menstruation and premenstrual symptoms? Most teenage girls experience premenstrual symptoms (63%) and view them as normal (61%). Girls with more severe symptoms are more likely to seek medical help. Randomised trial, 2011 Do echinophora-platyloba and fennel help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Both herbs significantly reduced PMS symptoms more than placebo, and they worked about equally well. Cohort study, 2011 Which six symptoms best identify who has PMS? Six key symptoms identify PMS just as well as tracking 17 symptoms: anxiety or tension, mood swings, aches, appetite changes, cramps, and decreased interest in activities. They correctly classified 84 to 86 percent of cases. Survey study, 2011 What medications do young women use for period cramps? Young women in Taiwan use both Western medicines like Panadol and traditional Chinese medicines like Si-Wu-Tang. Women with more symptoms were more likely to use any type of medication. Survey study, 2011 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Turkish college students and how does it affect quality of life? Premenstrual syndrome was found in 72.1% of college students and was strongly associated with significantly reduced quality of life. Survey study, 2011 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Sri Lankan adolescent schoolgirls and how does it affect them? About 8.75% of Sri Lankan adolescent schoolgirls have premenstrual syndrome. It significantly interferes with school activities, relationships, and daily routines. Randomised trial, 2011 Does fennel extract reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women taking fennel extract had significantly lower PMS symptom scores compared to placebo. Survey study, 2010 How many female students have PMS and what causes it? About half of female students (49.7%) have PMS. Having painful periods, a mother with PMS, and irregular periods after starting university were linked to higher PMS risk. Study, 2010 Does pregnancy or menstruation affect OCD symptoms? Yes. About 1 in 3 women with OCD saw symptoms start during pregnancy or after birth. Women whose OCD began during this time are more likely to have worsening with their period. Survey study, 2010 How many teenage girls in Japan have PMS or PMDD? 64.6% of Japanese high school girls reported premenstrual symptoms. While this was lower than in adult women, the rate of moderate-to-severe PMS and PMDD was actually higher in teenagers, and symptoms significantly affected their daily activities. Interview study, 2010 How common is PMS in young Saudi women and what factors increase risk? 35.6% of female medical students in Saudi Arabia were diagnosed with PMS. Risk factors included being older, living in a rural area, having a family history of PMS, and starting periods at a younger age. Randomised trial, 2009 Does Ginkgo biloba reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Ginkgo biloba reduced symptoms by 23.68% compared to 8.74% with placebo, a significant difference. However, both groups improved, suggesting a substantial placebo effect. Case-control study, 2009 Does exercise reduce premenstrual syndrome in young women? No. Physically active university students had similar PMS rates as inactive students, with about half experiencing PMS in both groups. Randomised trial, 2009 Does calcium help PMS symptoms like tiredness and depression? Yes. Women taking 500 mg calcium carbonate twice daily for 3 months had significant improvements in tiredness, appetite changes, and depression compared to placebo. Survey study, 2009 What factors are linked to more severe premenstrual syndrome in adolescents? Stress, earlier age of first period, and higher physical activity are each independently linked to worse PMS symptoms. This is moderate confidence from one high school study. Survey study, 2009 What premenstrual symptoms do Nigerian university women have and what factors are linked to them? About half of Nigerian university women had premenstrual symptoms at rates similar to Western countries, with breast tenderness being the most common symptom. Case-control study, 2009 How common is irritable bowel syndrome in Korean teenage girls and what causes it? One in four Korean teenage girls has IBS. Stress, anxiety, and depression were strongly linked to IBS, with depression showing the strongest connection. Survey study, 2009 How common is PMS in young Iranian women? PMS is very common: almost all young women have at least one PMS symptom, and 16% have clinically significant PMS. Younger women aged 18-20 have more severe symptoms than slightly older women. Cohort study, 2008 How common is PMS in medical students and how much does it affect their quality of life? 51% of medical students had PMS, with 5.8% having severe PMDD. PMS significantly impaired their mental and physical quality of life and academic performance. Survey study, 2008 What factors are linked to PMS in Thai nurses? Coffee consumption and having a negative attitude toward menstruation are the strongest factors linked to PMS in this group. 25.1% of Thai nurses have PMS. Case-control study, 2007 Does progesterone activate the part of the brain that handles fear and emotion? In 18 healthy women, taking progesterone doses that matched luteal phase levels significantly increased activity in the amygdala (the brain's emotion and fear center) when viewing emotional images. This may explain why progesterone could cause anxiety in women with PMDD. Lab study, 2007 What are the main symptom groups in premenstrual dysphoric disorder? PMDD symptoms split into two linked groups: one combining low mood and physical symptoms, and another involving trouble with relationships and feeling out of control. Randomised trial, 2007 Does vitamin B6 reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, vitamin B6 reduced PMS severity more than placebo, particularly emotional symptoms. Both groups improved during the second cycle, but B6 showed more improvement. Survey study, 2007 Are period pain and premenstrual symptoms connected? Yes. Students who had premenstrual symptoms reported more painful periods. Those with irregular periods also reported worse pain than those with regular cycles. Survey study, 2006 What menstrual problems do adolescent girls experience? Most adolescent girls in Malaysia experience premenstrual syndrome (74.6 percent) or painful periods (69.4 percent). More than one-third have irregular cycle lengths, but few seek medical care. Survey study, 2006 How common is premenstrual syndrome and what factors put women at higher risk? About 25% of women have PMS by objective measure, though 60% report having it. Younger, more educated, economically better-off women and those not using contraceptives had higher rates. Survey study, 2006 How common is PMS in teenage girls in the UAE and how much does it affect them? PMS affects 16.4% of teenage schoolgirls in the UAE and seriously impacts their school performance, social interactions, and emotional wellbeing. Randomised trial, 2005 Does step aerobic exercise improve fitness and cholesterol in college women? Yes. Both continuous and interval step training improved fitness and reduced body fat. Interval training also increased good cholesterol (HDL). Cohort study, 2000 Does the menstrual cycle affect how well someone breathes? No, in this study of healthy women without asthma, the menstrual cycle had little effect on lung function. Breathing varied randomly throughout the cycle and was not related to premenstrual symptoms. Survey study, 1999 How common are menstrual problems in teenage girls and do they relate to early puberty? Menstrual pain was very common (69.60%), and over half the girls (51.20%) had PMS symptoms. Girls who started menstruating earlier experienced significantly more menstrual pain. Study, 1998 Does diet and supplements help PMS? Yes, some dietary changes and supplements may help PMS. Magnesium and vitamin B6 are helpful for some women. Results usually appear after 3-4 months. Cohort study, 1993 How accurate are PMS diagnoses and how well do treatments work? Only 38 of 100 women referred for PMS actually had it; 24 had other causes of similar symptoms. When women were properly diagnosed, 84 percent responded well to treatment. Study, 1992 Do women trying to get pregnant report more premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Women in fertility treatment reported more premenstrual symptoms than medical students, and over half of them met criteria for severe premenstrual disorder compared to 42% of students. Case-control study, 1992 Can a mother's PMS affect whether her daughter gets PMS? Daughters of mothers with PMS are much more likely to have PMS themselves. 79% of daughters whose mothers had PMS got symptoms, compared to only 18% of daughters whose mothers did not have PMS. Survey study, 1990 Does drinking caffeine make premenstrual syndrome worse? Yes. The more caffeine a woman drinks, the more likely she is to have premenstrual symptoms. Women drinking 8 to 10 cups a day were about 7 times more likely to have severe symptoms than those drinking very little. Cohort study, 1990 What is the prevalence of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder in young university women? 4.6% of young university women met diagnostic criteria. Women in the general population with the disorder reported significantly fewer symptoms than those seeking medical treatment. Cohort study, 1987 Do women crave different foods at different points in their menstrual cycle? Women craved more chocolate during menstrual flow than at other times. Cravings for sugary, starchy, or lower-carb foods did not vary significantly by cycle phase. Study, 1985 Do women get worse grades on exams during the premenstrual phase? No. All 26 women in the study earned similar exam marks during the premenstrual phase compared to other times of their cycle. Study, 1976 Do mood and body changes happen at the same time in the menstrual cycle? Women experience more pain and water retention during their period and just before it, but their mood problems and stress responses are more strongly tied to what's happening in their lives than to their cycle. Men have more stable emotions and less pain throughout. Randomised trial, 2026 Is Pilates exercise more effective than stretching for reducing PMS symptoms? Yes. In this small randomized trial of 20 college students with PMS, Pilates was significantly better than stretching exercises at reducing symptoms. Cohort study, 2026 What menstrual and premenstrual problems do girls with intellectual disability experience? Adolescent girls with intellectual disability commonly experience painful periods (94.2%), severe pain (67.3%), and premenstrual mood and behavioral symptoms. Most need significant caregiver help with menstrual hygiene and require integrated support. Survey study, 2026 Do teenage girls understand premenstrual syndrome? More than half (53.3%) of 60 girls aged 15-17 demonstrated adequate knowledge of PMS. Family income was associated with knowledge level, but age and religion were not. Survey study, 2026 Can a yoga program designed for different cycle phases reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. In an 8-week study, 15 women with PMS who did cycle-specific yoga five times per week showed significant decreases in PMS symptoms and improved quality of life, with no adverse effects. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among college-going girls in India? More than half had some PMS symptoms. 27.5% had severe PMS and 3.5% had very severe PMS. Survey study, 2026 What attitudes do nursing students have toward premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Most nursing students (51.6%) had positive attitudes toward PMDD, while 49.4% had moderate attitudes. This study only measured attitudes, not clinical knowledge or skills. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does aerobic exercise help reduce PMS symptoms? In this small study, PMS symptom scores were lower after an aerobic exercise program, but because there was no comparison group, we can't be fully sure exercise alone caused the change. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does teaching about PMS improve adolescent girls' knowledge of the condition? Yes. Seven days after a structured teaching programme, adolescent girls showed significantly higher knowledge scores compared to before the teaching (p<0.05). This suggests education can improve understanding of PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Can teaching girls about distraction help them manage PMS better? Yes, after a teaching program about distraction activities, girls showed higher knowledge scores (50.9% to 82.1%) and greater use (56.07% to 80.73%). However, there was no control group to compare against. Cohort study, 2026 Is there a link between excessive anxiety and mood changes during the menstrual cycle? Among female medical students during COVID, those who had a tendency to focus excessively on small details had more depression, sleep problems, and some perceived menstrual changes. However, this was just an observation, not proof of cause and effect. Survey study, 2026 Is PMDD linked to sleep problems, diet, and academic stress in female medical students? This study found a clear association between PMDD and poor sleep, and between PMDD and academic burnout in female medical students. However, there was no clear relationship between PMDD and diet. Survey study, 2026 Why is understanding PMS awareness in teenage girls important? PMS is under-recognized in adolescents and many teenage girls have knowledge gaps about it. Better awareness and education could help young women recognize and manage symptoms earlier. Survey study, 2026 Do nursing students understand premenstrual syndrome? 96% of 149 nursing students demonstrated good knowledge of PMS and 96% had positive attitudes toward it. Higher knowledge was associated with more positive attitudes. Survey study, 2026 Is anxiety linked to irregular menstrual cycles in teenage girls? Yes. Among 65 high school students in Indonesia, those with higher anxiety levels were significantly more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles. The relationship was strong and statistically significant. Cohort study, 2026 Are eating behaviors linked to how severe a woman's PMS symptoms are? Yes, women with severe PMS showed different eating behaviors than those with milder symptoms, particularly in hunger and fullness recognition. However, the study shows only correlation, not whether eating patterns cause PMS. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect what women eat and their feelings about food? Yes. Women with PMS ate significantly more packaged processed foods and fast food during their period, and also had stronger emotional responses to food. Regular breakfast was less common in the PMS group. Survey study, 2026 Does diet and exercise affect PMS in college students? Higher weight and certain foods like burgers and hard cheese were linked to more PMS, and women without PMS were more likely to exercise regularly. The connections are modest but real. Survey study, 2026 Is PMS severity linked to muscle and joint pain in nursing students? Nursing students with higher PMS severity had significantly more widespread pain in the neck, shoulders, lower back, and hips, and those with pain used more healthcare services and took more sick leave. The link is strong. Survey study, 2026 Does low calcium intake relate to PMS in teenage girls? Girls with low calcium intake were more likely to have PMS and period pain. However, we cannot prove that eating more calcium would reduce PMS based on this snapshot study. Survey study, 2026 Does exercise and good sleep reduce PMS in teenage girls? Teenage girls who exercised more had much less severe PMS, and those with better sleep also had less severe PMS. Both links are strong and statistically significant. Survey study, 2026 How aware are Japanese students of PMDD and what are their attitudes toward premenstrual symptoms? Only 20.6% of students had heard of PMDD. Many believed premenstrual symptoms should be endured rather than treated. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does 6 weeks of online nutrition education reduce PMS symptoms? PMS symptoms decreased significantly after 6-week WhatsApp nutrition education, especially mood and bloating. However, without a control group, we cannot determine if improvements were from the program, placebo effect, or natural cycles. Survey study, 2026 Does climate change stress and anxiety increase premenstrual syndrome symptoms in nursing students? Nursing students who felt stressed and anxious about climate change were more likely to have premenstrual symptoms. The eco-anxiety appeared to play a connecting role. Survey study, 2026 How does PMS and anhedonia affect student grades? The study found that both PMS and anhedonia (loss of pleasure) negatively impact academic performance and grades in medical and non-medical students equally. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Is Pilates exercise or Vitex agnus supplement more effective at reducing PMS symptoms? Yes, both reduced PMS symptoms after 2 months (p<0.001), but Pilates was significantly more effective than Vitex agnus (p<0.001). The study lacked randomization and did not compare to standard PMS treatments. Survey study, 2026 Does controlling personality traits help emotional regulation in women with PMS? The study found that controlling neuroticism (a tendency toward negative emotions) was linked to emotional regulation differently in mild versus moderate PMS. The relationship was complex and depended on PMS severity. Survey study, 2026 Is low calcium linked to worse PMS symptoms? Low calcium was linked to worse PMS symptoms, but the connection was weak. The study was small and from one school, so we cannot be sure this applies to all girls. Survey study, 2026 Is there a good way to measure menstrual symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Researchers developed a 12-item scale to measure menstrual symptoms in teenage girls. When different people used it to rate responses, they showed very strong agreement. Survey study, 2026 Do psychological resilience and happiness help women cope better with PMS? Yes. Psychological resilience and happiness both significantly influenced how women coped with PMS, with happiness having the strongest effect. These two factors explained approximately 12% of the variation in coping behaviors. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect how college students live their daily lives? Yes. About 81% of students had severe PMS, and those with PMS had significantly lower lifestyle quality scores than those without (124 vs 131, p=0.002). Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does mindfulness meditation reduce premenstrual symptoms in nursing students? Mindfulness meditation significantly reduced premenstrual symptom severity in this study (p<0.001). The abstract does not specify how many students were studied or provide the actual reduction in symptoms, limiting what we can conclude. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Can ginger tea help reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? In this small study, drinking ginger decoction before periods was linked to a significant drop in PMS severity, but the study did not compare against a separate control group getting no treatment, so the result is not fully certain. Survey study, 2026 Does yoga reduce PMS severity in adolescent girls? Yes. Adolescent girls who did yoga for 12 weeks had significantly reduced PMS severity compared to those who did not do yoga. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does light resistance training reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Eight weeks of minimal-dose resistance training reduced both physical and psychological PMS symptoms and functional problems. However, it did not change coping strategies. Survey study, 2026 Is diet quality linked to how severe PMS is in college students? Yes. Female college students who perceived their diet as balanced had less severe PMS than those who perceived their diet as poor or needing improvement. Interview study, 2026 How do eating behavior and mood change during the menstrual cycle in women using birth control? Women not using birth control showed more emotional and compulsive eating in the early cycle phase, while women using birth control pills showed less change. This is a small study of 84 university students. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in medical students and does it affect quality of life? PMS was extremely common (95.7% of students) and affected all areas of quality of life. Results only apply to this student population. Cohort study, 2026 Do genetics and stress factors affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are? Yes. Women with genes linked to depression plus stress factors like low emotional resilience, childhood trauma, or alcohol use had significantly more severe symptoms and higher odds of probable PMS disorder. Survey study, 2026 Do difficult childhood experiences lead to worse PMS symptoms as an adult? Yes. Among 399 university students in Türkiye, 71.7% had PMS symptoms, and those who reported difficult childhood experiences had worse PMS symptoms. Difficult childhood experiences and worse PMS were clearly linked. Survey study, 2026 Is stress related to PMS symptoms? Yes, higher stress levels were clearly related to PMS symptoms in the students studied. This suggests stress may worsen PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2026 How aware are female students of PMDD and how does it affect their schoolwork? Most female students have low awareness of PMDD and rarely discuss it with teachers. PMDD symptoms make it hard to concentrate in class. This was only a survey in Nigeria, so results may not apply elsewhere. Survey study, 2026 What factors help female college students cope with premenstrual syndrome? Finding health information online, having more severe PMS symptoms, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle all help students cope with PMS. Together these factors explain 22% of the variation in coping ability. Survey study, 2026 What natural and alternative treatments do teenage women use for acne that happens before their period? 79.9% of teenage women use at least one natural treatment for premenstrual acne, most commonly natural masks, steam baths, and herbal products. They choose these because they believe they are natural and safe. Survey study, 2026 Is stress linked to worse PMS symptoms? Yes, stress was clearly linked to worse PMS symptoms. The study was from one high school, so results may not apply everywhere. Survey study, 2026 Which lifestyle habits are linked to PMS in teenage girls? Poor sleep and high stress predict PMS, with stress being strongest (AOR=6.468); exercise was not linked. However, this was a small study in one school in Indonesia, so findings may not generalize. Survey study, 2026 What patterns of mood changes and food cravings occur during the menstrual cycle in college students? Nearly 60% reported food cravings during menstruation, with dairy products most common. Mood swings were most prominent in the premenstrual phase and linked to poor sleep quality. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Does group counseling reduce PMS symptoms in school students? Yes. Group counseling significantly reduced PMS symptoms across all types (emotional, behavioral, thinking-related, physical) and functional problems. Quality of life improved substantially, and severe school interference dropped from 15.9% to 2.3%. Survey study, 2026 Is obesity linked to worse PMS symptoms and menstrual problems? Yes, obese women had much more PMS (113.83 vs. 62.5 severity score) and more depression and anxiety (97.5% vs. 47.5%). However, this small hospital study in Bangladesh can't tell us if weight loss would reduce PMS. Survey study, 2026 Can health education help adolescent girls understand menstrual disorders and severe premenstrual disorder? Health education clearly improved girls' knowledge about menstrual disorders and severe premenstrual disorder. Before education, 82.5% had less than adequate knowledge. After education, all students achieved very good understanding. Non-randomised trial, 2026 Can yoga reduce PMS pain in teenage girls? Yes, in this small study yoga therapy significantly reduced PMS pain intensity, but the study was small and had no comparison group. Survey study, 2026 What do female students believe causes PMS and what does it affect? Female students strongly believe that hormonal changes and genetic factors cause PMS, and that emotional distress is an effect. However, this measures what students think, not scientific proof. Survey study, 2026 What symptoms do young women have with premenstrual syndrome and how do they manage? Young women experience multiple physical and emotional PMS symptoms. Most use home remedies like sleep, rest, music, and phone distraction to cope. Survey study, 2026 What premenstrual symptoms are most common, and what factors predict worse symptoms? Emotional and functional symptoms like mood swings and loss of interest were most common. Older age, lower family income, lower parental education, and starting periods at a younger age were linked to more severe symptoms. Survey study, 2026 How many teenage girls in Nepal have PMS and how does it affect them? Almost two-thirds of teenage girls in this school have PMS. It most strongly affects their friendships and school engagement, but less than 5% report low grades. Survey study, 2026 Are PMS and depression connected in nursing students? 38.9% had moderate-to-severe PMS and 12.2% had PMDD. Depression was slightly more common in women with PMS (54.3% vs 47.3%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Study, 2026 How common is premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Premenstrual syndrome is very common in teenage girls. About 85.7% reported irritability, 60.7% had anger, 40.7% had headaches, and 8.5% had very severe symptoms. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect academic and social performance? Yes. Students with PMS reported difficulty concentrating (39.5%) and disruption of daily routines and relationships. Academic and social performance were notably better on non-PMS days. Survey study, 2026 How common are PMS and PMDD among medical students? PMS was found in 45% and PMDD in 33.6%. Confidence is moderate because this is one small study from India. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in Yemen and what lifestyle factors affect it? About 41.1% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Being overweight, eating fast food, chewing qat, and living in a rural area were linked to worse symptoms. Survey study, 2026 What is the prevalence and pattern of premenstrual syndrome among secondary school students in Nigeria? PMS was very common, affecting 75.3% of students, with period pain and mood swings being the most frequent symptoms. However, only 15.4% sought healthcare evaluation. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS and PMDD in Pakistan and how do they relate to mental health? PMS was found in 36.2% and PMDD in 8.5%. Both were linked to higher stress and depression, and worse quality of life. Survey study, 2026 How common is premenstrual tension and does it affect university students' studies? 65.2% had premenstrual symptoms and 8.1% met PMDD criteria. Those with symptoms had more difficulty concentrating, worse exam performance, and less participation in activities. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in female medical students and what helps? PMS was very common, affecting 84.69% of students. Rest and sleep were most helpful (90.78%), followed by music (61.65%) and hot showers (49.51%). Sleep patterns and physical activity were linked to PMS. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS and does diet affect symptom severity? The study examined these questions. Evidence discussed suggests poor diet high in sugar, salt, and fat may be linked to worse PMS, though the study's specific results are unclear from the text provided. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in female undergraduate medical students? PMS was very common, affecting 73.6% of students. Abdominal pain and cramping were the most common symptoms, followed by mood swings and irritability. Weight was not linked to PMS in this group. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among medical students and how is it linked to depression? Using the study's definition, 96.4% had PMS. Those with PMS had higher depression and lower school involvement. The extremely high prevalence makes confidence low. Interview study, 2026 What causes PMS in teenage girls? Most potential causes studied were not linked to PMS in teenage girls. Only diet factors showed a link: caffeine and sugar consumption, and frequent junk food were significantly associated with PMS. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among medical students and how does it relate to productivity? 75.2% had PMS. Those with PMS reported much less productivity (73.4% versus 14.5% without), more stress, and used more pain medication. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS among female students and does it affect their quality of life? PMS affects 58.4% of female students and significantly reduces their quality of life across physical, mental, and social functioning. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMS in female university students in Lebanon and what factors increase the risk? Nearly half (46.8%) had moderate-to-severe PMS and 16.5% had PMDD. Smoking, heavy periods, skipping meals, fast food, social media, and high stress were significantly associated with increased risk. Most women used NSAIDs, but less than half found them very effective. Survey study, 2026 Do childhood adversity and psychological factors predict how severe PMS is? Yes. Childhood adversity, difficulty expressing emotions, and psychological distress all significantly predict worse PMS. Survey study, 2026 Is PMS or PMDD linked to eating disorders? Yes. Women with PMDD had higher scores for eating disorders, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating than women without PMS. The link between PMDD and emotional eating was strongest in overweight women. Survey study, 2026 Are poor sleep and high stress linked to worse PMS symptoms in students? Yes, students with poorer sleep and higher stress tended to report more severe PMS symptoms, but this survey cannot prove that stress or poor sleep actually cause PMS. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect quality of life in nursing students, along with other lifestyle factors? Yes, PMS was one of several things linked to lower quality of life in this group of students, alongside lifestyle habits, self-determination, and satisfaction with their studies and finances, but the study cannot prove cause and effect. Survey study, 2026 Does self-injury or difficult childhood experiences increase PMDD risk in adolescents? Yes. This study found clear relationships between self-injurious behavior and PMDD, and between adverse childhood experiences and PMDD in adolescent girls, suggesting both are risk factors. Survey study, 2026 How common are PMS and PMDD in young university students? In this group, 7% had PMDD, 46% had mild or no PMS, and 47% had moderate to severe PMS. Students with PMDD had the most severe symptoms and more disruption to daily life. Survey study, 2026 Do college students know that exercise helps PMS and do they actually exercise? Two-thirds of students knew that aerobic exercise can help PMS and 75% thought exercise was good. But only 34% actually exercised regularly, showing a big gap between knowing and doing. Survey study, 2026 Does following a Mediterranean diet help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women with lower PMS scores had significantly higher Mediterranean diet adherence. Each one-point increase in diet adherence was linked to a 10.9% higher likelihood of not having PMS. Survey study, 2026 What factors influence PMS severity in adolescent girls? Mental health is the strongest factor. Girls with higher mental health problems, lower positive beliefs about PMS and fewer enabling resources have more severe PMS. Survey study, 2026 Can watching a YouTube video teach teenage girls more about PMS? Yes, in this small study, a YouTube-based health talk clearly improved girls' knowledge about PMS, but it only measured knowledge, not whether symptoms improved. Survey study, 2026 Does physical activity help reduce PMS symptoms in female students? Yes. Women with moderate to heavy physical activity had significantly less frequent and less severe PMS compared to those with light physical activity. Interview study, 2026 What do female employees and high school girls understand about PMDD? High school girls were more aware of PMDD than working women, though both groups understood roughly the same amount. Being more aware did not necessarily mean understanding the condition better. Survey study, 2026 Does physical activity reduce the effect of climate anxiety on PMS? Yes. Climate anxiety increases PMS symptoms, but physical activity has a protective effect that reduces this relationship. Survey study, 2026 Is PMS linked to sleep quality in young women? In university students, 99.8% had PMS and 86.8% had poor sleep quality. Students with poor sleep had higher PMS scores. Survey study, 2026 Is there a link between how severe PMS is and mood swings? Yes. The worse the PMS, the worse the mood tends to be. There was a statistically significant but weak to moderate link between PMS severity and mood. Randomised trial, 2026 Does a traditional Ayurvedic menstrual routine help premenstrual syndrome? The text provided for this paper is only journal index and listing information, not the actual study abstract, so no real results can be reported here. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect female students' academic performance? Yes. Over 95% of female students had at least one PMS symptom, and 67.88% reported that PMS caused moderate to severe disruption to their studies. Survey study, 2026 Do women with PMDD and PMS have worse attention and decision-making than healthy women? Yes. Women with PMDD show the poorest performance on attention and decision-making tasks, followed by women with PMS, then healthy women. The differences appear linked to how severe symptoms are. Survey study, 2026 Does eating more ultra-processed food make PMS symptoms worse? Yes, this study found that eating more ultra-processed food was linked to worse PMS symptoms, but it cannot prove that the food caused the symptoms. Survey study, 2026 What do college women know about PMS and period care? College women in India have low PMS awareness and poor hygiene practices. Only 52% were aware of PMS, and 82% did not practice good menstrual hygiene. Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD in Russian medical students, and what are its symptoms? About 14.3% of medical students had PMDD, or 25.4% including mild forms. Most common symptoms were depression (87.9%), anxiety (48.3%), and sleep problems (31.0%). Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and PMDD among female university students? About 10.37% had PMS and 19.26% had PMDD. Technical course students had higher rates than medical course students. Survey study, 2025 What diet and lifestyle habits increase PMS risk in college students? Eating cake, pastries, and pizza frequently, using contraceptive pills, and sleeping only 5-6 hours on weekdays were all linked to higher PMS risk. About half of the students had PMS. Survey study, 2025 What knowledge do nursing students have about PMS? Nursing students have good PMS knowledge. 64% had excellent knowledge and 27% had good knowledge, with average score of 72.04%. Survey study, 2025 How severe is PMS in nursing students and what coping strategies do they use? The study aimed to assess PMS severity and coping behaviors in 50 nursing students, but the abstract does not include the results or findings from the research. Survey study, 2025 How much do high school girls know about PMS? High school girls have very low PMS knowledge. 75% had poor knowledge, and girls from rural areas knew significantly less than those from urban areas. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Can teaching about PMS improve adolescent girls' knowledge? Yes. A PowerPoint presentation and pamphlets significantly improved knowledge scores about PMS and its management in adolescent girls. Randomised trial, 2025 Does aroma massage therapy reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Aroma massage therapy significantly reduced PMS symptoms in the experimental group compared to control. However, the study design was quasi-experimental rather than a true randomized trial. Survey study, 2025 Does PMS affect thinking ability, sleep quality, and attention in teenage girls? Yes. Teenage girls with PMS had lower scores on thinking tests, worse sleep quality, and a shorter Stroop effect duration than girls without PMS. Survey study, 2025 What are the most common premenstrual symptoms among adolescent girls in Chandigarh? The most common premenstrual symptoms were headaches (67%), breast pain (62%), and anxiety or tension (59%). These findings are from one city in India with 100 girls, so they may not represent all adolescent girls. Survey study, 2025 Is there a link between premenstrual syndrome and obsessive-compulsive symptoms? Yes, 74.2% of young women had PMS and showed significantly higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms than those without PMS, particularly in rumination. The link suggests PMS and psychological symptoms are connected. Survey study, 2025 How much do adolescent girls know about premenstrual syndrome? Among nursing students, none had good knowledge of premenstrual syndrome; 46.7% had poor knowledge and 53.3% had average knowledge. This very small sample from one nursing college cannot tell us whether all adolescent girls have similar knowledge gaps. Survey study, 2025 Does academic stress and delaying sleep affect PMS symptoms? Academic stress and bedtime procrastination (delaying going to sleep) were both clearly related to PMS symptoms in nursing students. Survey study, 2025 What factors most affect premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Poor sleep quality was the strongest factor. Girls with poor sleep had 9 times higher risk of PMS than girls with good sleep. Survey study, 2025 Is school bullying linked to premenstrual disorders in adolescent girls? Yes, bullied girls were 3.15 times more likely to have premenstrual disorders. Social and verbal bullying had the strongest links. Survey study, 2025 Do poor eating habits make PMS symptoms worse? Yes. Students with poor eating habits were significantly more likely to report moderate to severe PMS symptoms compared to those with better eating habits. Survey study, 2025 How many university students have PMDD and do they know about it? About 4 in 10 university students in Riyadh met PMDD criteria. Most (58.5%) had heard of PMDD before. Common coping strategies included paying attention to symptoms and normalizing them. More education is needed. Survey study, 2025 How common is premenstrual syndrome and what are its main symptoms in female medical students? 77.6% of female medical students have PMS, with the most common symptoms being decreased mood, anxiety, muscle tension, and breast pain. Most women notice symptoms 7-10 days before their period. Survey study, 2025 What is the prevalence of PMS among medical students in India, and what factors are linked to it? One in five medical students in this study had moderate-to-severe PMS. Lack of regular exercise and family history were linked to worse PMS. Survey study, 2025 Does the menstrual cycle affect fitness performance? No. Women with mild period-related symptoms performed similarly on fitness tests across all phases of their cycle, whether they trained regularly or not. Survey study, 2025 How common are period pain and PMS in Spanish university students, and do lifestyle choices affect them? Over half had period pain and most had PMS symptoms. Women who ate fewer Mediterranean foods, exercised less, and used tobacco had worse symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Are eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake, and chronotype linked to PMS? Two types of eating behavior (restrained and external eating) and low phytoestrogen intake were linked to worse PMS. Emotional eating and chronotype were not linked to PMS in this study. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does watching an educational video about PMS help women feel more prepared to handle it? Yes, after watching an educational video about PMS, nursing students' knowledge and readiness improved significantly. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does education about yoga help treat PMS symptoms? Knowledge about treating PMS with yoga increased after the education session. Yoga may help control stress, anxiety, depression, and dysmenorrhea, though the study only measured knowledge gain, not symptom improvement. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does an educational video help teenagers with PMS knowledge and anxiety? Yes. The study found the video was effective at increasing knowledge and improving behavior and reducing anxiety in teenagers with PMS (p = 0.0001). However, there was no control group so we cannot be certain the video caused the changes. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does acupressure help relieve PMS symptoms? Acupressure reduced PMS symptom severity and improved ability to function in nursing students. The study did not have a control group and reported results qualitatively, so we cannot be very confident about how much improvement occurred. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does aerobic exercise reduce anxiety and depression in students with PMS? Yes, female students who did aerobic exercise showed large reductions in both anxiety and depression. However, there was no control group that did not exercise, so we cannot be certain the exercise caused the improvement rather than placebo or natural variation. Survey study, 2025 Are low vitamin D levels and higher body weight linked to worse PMS symptoms? Yes, women with PMS tend to have lower vitamin D levels and higher body weight. About 59% have vitamin D deficiency, which is linked to more severe PMS. Survey study, 2025 Does the quality of carbohydrates eaten affect PMS severity? Yes. Women with PMS had a lower carbohydrate quality index score, suggesting better quality carbs may help. Survey study, 2025 Do Pilates exercises reduce PMS symptoms better than stretching? Yes. Women who did Pilates exercises for 12 weeks showed much better reductions in PMS symptoms than those who did stretching exercises. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does a teaching programme about PMS improve nursing students' knowledge? A structured teaching programme had a statistically significant effect on nursing students' knowledge about PMS. However, the study's results are confusing because it reported no significant difference between student groups at pre-test or post-test. Cohort study, 2025 Does online health literacy link to better menstrual and mental health in teenage girls? Yes, teenage girls better at finding and understanding online health information report less severe premenstrual symptoms, lower anxiety and loneliness, and higher self-esteem. This is an association, not proof of cause and effect. Interview study, 2025 What factors influence PMS and how do college women cope with it? The abstract provided does not contain results or findings, so the answer cannot be determined. Survey study, 2025 What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? 40% experienced PMS. Stress, period pain, use of menstrual delaying medicine, and earlier menarche were significantly linked to higher PMS risk. Survey study, 2025 What factors affect premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Physical activity, vitamin D intake, and sleep quality all affect PMS risk, with physical activity being the strongest factor. Survey study, 2025 Does iron level change during different phases of the menstrual cycle? Yes. Iron levels are lower in the follicular phase before ovulation than in the luteal phase after ovulation. This was one school study, so it may not apply to all girls. Survey study, 2025 Is there a relationship between diet, weight, and PMS? Yes. There is a significant relationship between diet and PMS, and between weight and PMS. Most of the women studied (61.9%) reported having PMS. Survey study, 2025 Is premenstrual syndrome linked to mood changes? No. Among 70 women psychology students, 55.7% had PMS symptoms and 70% had mood changes, but there was no clear link between the two. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Are premenstrual syndrome and painful periods related? Yes. Most high school girls in the study had both PMS and painful periods. Girls with PMS were much more likely to also experience painful periods. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does yoga practice reduce PMS symptoms and improve heart function? Twelve weeks of regular yoga improved heart rate variability and stress response measures, with decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. Survey study, 2025 Do stretching and relaxation exercises reduce PMS symptoms in adolescent girls? Yes. In 94 adolescent girls who performed stretching and Mitchell relaxation exercises for 12 weeks, PMS symptoms significantly improved. The study found a clear difference between before and after the exercises. Survey study, 2025 How much do nursing students know about PMDD and how do they feel about it? Nursing students generally had average to good knowledge of PMDD and mostly positive attitudes toward it, though a meaningful number still knew little about it. Survey study, 2025 What do young women know about menstruation and menstrual hygiene? Most young women know basic facts about menstruation, but many don't know where menstrual blood comes from. Many miss college due to period pain. Survey study, 2025 How do irregular periods affect quality of life? Irregular periods and period pain harm quality of life in medical students. 90.9% had PMS and 91.4% had period pain, with irregular periods clearly affecting their social, psychological, and physical well-being. Survey study, 2025 How common are menstrual disorders in nursing students? Most nursing students have menstrual disorders. 94.2% had period pain, 82.4% had abnormal bleeding, and 54.6% had PMDD. Most used home remedies like hot water and rest rather than seeking medical help. Survey study, 2025 How much do period problems like painful periods and PMS affect college girls' daily lives? Painful periods and PMS were common among college girls and affected their studies, physical health, mood, and social life, though the study does not give exact numbers. Survey study, 2025 Are mental health problems linked to period pain and lack of support? Yes. About 29% of girls experienced anxiety, 14% stress, and 32% depression. Those with moderate or severe period pain or without support during menstruation were more likely to experience these mental health problems. Survey study, 2025 Does drinking coffee or milk affect PMS symptoms? Girls who drank pure coffee were more likely to have PMS symptoms. Girls who drank animal milk were less likely to have PMS symptoms. Cohort study, 2025 Are sleep problems linked to PMS symptoms and menstrual problems? Yes, strongly. Women with sleep problems were almost 4 times more likely to have PMS and more than 7 times more likely to have menstrual bleeding problems. However, this was a cross-sectional study so we do not know if sleep problems cause PMS or if PMS causes sleep problems. Survey study, 2025 How do health habits relate to PMS symptoms? Better stress management and personal growth (self-actualization) were linked to fewer PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and PMDD among female university students in Western Uganda, and what raises the risk? Very common: about 3 in 4 students had a premenstrual disorder, with PMS more common than PMDD. Certain groups, like those in Allied Health Sciences, Muslim students, drug users, and those with past traumatic events, had higher odds of a disorder. Survey study, 2025 How aware are medical students of PMDD, and how common is it among female medical students? Female medical students recognised PMDD as a mental disorder much more than male students. About 9% of female medical students tested positive for PMDD on screening. Survey study, 2025 Does PMDD increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts? Yes, women with PMDD had much higher rates of suicidal thoughts (38.8%) and suicide attempts (28.6%), with depression, anxiety, and stress playing key roles in this risk. Survey study, 2025 How many Indian schoolgirls have PMDD or PMS, and are age, height or weight linked to it? About 14.5% of the schoolgirls studied had PMDD and 54.5% had PMS symptoms. Age, height, weight, and school class were linked to premenstrual symptoms, with older age especially tied to more symptoms. Survey study, 2025 What factors are linked to PMS severity in female college students? BMI, menstrual flow amount, when menstruation started, and field of study were linked to PMS symptom severity. Survey study, 2025 What percentage of female university students in Lahore have PMS? About half (50.62%) of female university students at University of Lahore experience PMS, though this is just one university in Pakistan. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS among nursing students, and does it affect quality of life? Over two-thirds of students had moderate to severe PMS. PMS was strongly linked to worse quality of life. Guideline, 2025 What non-drug treatments can help PMS? Several non-drug approaches exist including lifestyle changes, complementary medicine, and therapy, but this article does not provide specific evidence for which works best. Survey study, 2025 What is premenstrual syndrome and how can it be managed in adolescent girls? PMS is a combination of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms affecting 70-90% of women of reproductive age in Indonesia. It can be managed with medications like NSAIDs and antidepressants, or non-medication approaches like exercise and lifestyle changes. Survey study, 2025 How common are painful periods, PMS, and heavy bleeding in teenage girls in Sudan? Painful periods were most common at 56.8%, followed by PMS at 30.2% and heavy bleeding at 21%. However, these numbers come from Sudan only, so they may not apply elsewhere. Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and PMDD among female university students in Afghanistan? Very common. 88.8% of students screened positive for either moderate to severe PMS (27.1%) or PMDD (61.7%). Survey study, 2025 How common are menstrual problems in medical students and what causes them? Most medical students have menstrual problems. The most common are severe period cramps (76%), PMS (69%), and irregular periods (29%). Stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise are major causes. Survey study, 2025 Does PMS affect academic performance and well-being in college students? Severe PMS did not affect grades, but was strongly linked to emotional problems like anger and anxiety, concentration issues, and impacts on family and social life. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS in medical students and how is it linked to lifestyle? Very common - 68.3% had PMS. It was strongly linked to high stress (adjusted odds ratio 58.52), short sleep (11.69), lack of exercise (6.07), and frequent fast food (6.79). Survey study, 2025 Is heavy social media use linked to worse PMS in students? Yes. Students with severe social media addiction were 5.35 times more likely to have PMS than those with mild addiction. However, this only shows they go together, not that social media causes PMS. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS among female medical students and how does it affect their quality of life? 88.46% of female medical students had PMS, and it significantly reduced their quality of life. The study found strong associations between PMS and unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and poor sleep. Survey study, 2025 What is the prevalence of PMS among female biomedical students in Kabul, Afghanistan? PMS prevalence was 72.3% based on ICD-10 criteria and 21.1% using ACOG criteria. The difference reflects how PMS is defined. Survey study, 2025 How common are painful periods and PMS in medical students and how much do they affect their lives? Painful periods affected 41.5% and PMS affected 62.02% of medical students. These caused significant problems including missing school for up to a week or more, trouble concentrating, and sleep problems. Most students did not seek professional help. Survey study, 2025 Is premenstrual syndrome linked to eating disorders in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with PMS symptoms had higher rates of eating disorders, particularly those with psychological and behavioral symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Is appetite related to PMS symptoms in medical students? Yes, there is a weak positive relationship that was statistically significant (p<0.001). As PMS symptoms become more severe, appetite increases; 81.2% reported increased appetite during PMS. Survey study, 2025 Do sleep problems and stress increase PMS symptoms in nursing students? Yes. Students with poor sleep had a 6-fold higher risk of severe PMS, and those with high academic stress had a 29-fold higher risk. Survey study, 2025 Is low hemoglobin linked to worse PMS? Yes, there is a relationship between hemoglobin levels and PMS severity. Low hemoglobin may worsen PMS symptoms by reducing oxygen in the blood. Survey study, 2025 Does being underweight affect sleep differently across the cycle? Underweight and normal weight women had similar sleep overall. Underweight women woke more during the first part of their cycle and had lower sleep hormones during the second part. Survey study, 2025 Does social media addiction and sleep disturbance affect PMS in female university students? Yes. Both social media addiction and sleep disturbances were significantly linked to PMS, with very strong evidence for sleep (p < 0.001) and strong evidence for social media (p = 0.002). Survey study, 2025 How common are PMS and PMDD symptoms among female students at Universitas Riau? Very common. Light PMS occurred in 46.2%, moderate PMS in 44.1%, PMDD in 9.2%, and only 0.5% had no symptoms. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS in high school girls, and which non-drug methods help reduce anxiety and stress? About 25% of high school girls had PMS. The most common non-drug methods used were yoga (58%), prayer (17.5%), and exercise. Survey study, 2025 Is childhood trauma linked to premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Women who experienced childhood trauma had more severe PMS symptoms. Higher trauma was associated with starting periods earlier, longer menstrual bleeding, and more severe PMS. Survey study, 2025 Does regular physical activity reduce PMS symptoms in adolescent girls? Yes, there is a statistically significant correlation. Girls who do more physical activity tend to have fewer or less severe PMS symptoms (p=0.018). Survey study, 2025 Does the type of humour someone uses affect whether they have PMS? Girls without PMS were more likely to use two types of humour: humour to make others laugh and humour to make themselves feel better. This suggests certain humour styles may be connected to having fewer PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Does physical activity reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? No clear link was found. The study found no clear relationship between how much physical activity women did and how severe their PMS symptoms were. Non-randomised trial, 2025 Does progressive muscle relaxation reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Teenage girls in the treatment group showed significantly lower PMS scores after 20 days of daily relaxation exercises than girls in the control group. Survey study, 2025 Does PMS affect how well nursing students can focus on learning? Yes. PMS was negatively linked to learning focus and was one of five main factors affecting students' ability to concentrate. Survey study, 2025 How much does PMS interfere with medical students' studies? PMS is very common in medical students (65.4%) and causes significant disruption. Most students (85.9%) report some impairment during the premenstrual period, including worse exam performance, missed classes, and difficulty concentrating. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS among female medical students, and how severe are the symptoms? PMS is very common in female medical students (71.1%), with most having both emotional and physical symptoms of moderate severity. Survey study, 2025 Is there a relationship between anxiety and PMS in female adolescents? Yes. Adolescents with severe anxiety had 1.6 times higher risk of PMS than those with mild anxiety. Most adolescents in the study had mild anxiety and no PMS. Survey study, 2025 Does caffeine affect the menstrual cycle? A study of female medical students found a significant link between caffeine drinks and menstrual cycle changes, but the abstract does not specify what the effects were. Cohort study, 2025 Does personality type affect how severe PMS symptoms are? Yes. Women with higher neuroticism (emotional instability) experience more severe PMS symptoms, and openness to experience also showed a weaker link to PMS severity. Cohort study, 2025 Does PMS affect mental health and sleep-wake cycles? Yes. Women with PMS have significantly higher depression and anxiety than those without PMS. Sleep-wake timing irregularities may also play a role, though the relationship is unclear. Survey study, 2025 Do personality traits and emotion control affect PMS? Women with lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, and higher harm avoidance, tend to have PMS. Difficulty controlling emotions partly explains this link. Survey study, 2025 Does stress cause PMS in adolescents? Strong link between stress and PMS: only 6.7% of mildly stressed girls had PMS, but 95.9% of severely stressed girls did. Sleep and exercise seemed protective. Survey study, 2025 Are violent tendencies linked to premenstrual symptoms? Students with higher PMS symptoms, especially anxiety, irritability, and sleep problems, had higher violence tendency scores. This shows a link in the data but doesn't prove that PMS causes violence. Survey study, 2025 How common is PMS among nursing and paramedical students and how does it affect their quality of life? 62.7% of nursing and paramedical students had PMS, and it significantly reduced their quality of life. About half experienced mood symptoms in the premenstrual phase. Survey study, 2025 What are the most common PMS symptoms in university students and how much do they affect daily life? All 150 students surveyed reported PMS symptoms. About 69% had moderate to severe physical symptoms like fatigue and pain, and 65% had psychological symptoms like anxiety and mood swings. Nearly half missed classes due to symptoms. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among female students in Bangladesh and how does it affect daily life? Very common; 94% experienced PMS. It significantly disrupted academic concentration in 65.85% and caused difficulty with work and activities in 59.56%. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does teaching improve nursing students' knowledge about PMS and how to manage it? Yes. After the program, 45.65% of students had good knowledge compared to 6.52% before. Survey study, 2024 Did a teaching program help adolescent girls learn about managing PMS? The program taught management strategies including healthy eating, exercise, reduced salt and sugar, increased fiber, and adequate sleep. Survey study, 2024 Is physical activity or body fat related to PMS in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with higher body fat and certain waist measurements had worse PMS, and more active girls had less severe PMS. But this was only teenagers in one city and cannot prove these things cause PMS. Survey study, 2024 What do pharmacy students know about using herbs for PMS? Pharmacy students had moderate knowledge (58.9% correct answers) about these herbs, and about 83% believed the herbs could help PMS symptoms. However, this study only surveyed opinions. It did not test whether these herbs actually work. Survey study, 2024 How severe is PMS in nursing students and what affects it? Most nursing students (56%) had moderate PMS symptoms, 36% had mild, and 8% had severe. Sleep, when they started menstruating, and daily fast food intake were associated with PMS severity. Survey study, 2024 What is the impact of PMS on undergraduate girls and does lifestyle affect it? Most girls (56.9%) experienced severe PMS impact and 42.5% experienced moderate impact. Most girls had average lifestyle habits, but lifestyle and age did not predict PMS severity. Survey study, 2024 What is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical students? In this study, PMDD was more common in students who had painful periods or drank caffeinated beverages, but this was an observational study so it cannot prove these things cause PMDD. Cohort study, 2024 Is eating certain foods associated with lower risk of premenstrual disorders? A diet high in rice, red meat, and poultry (Traditional South China Diet) was associated with lower rates of premenstrual disorders in this study. The reason for this association is unclear. Survey study, 2024 Is eating disturbance linked to worse PMS symptoms? Yes, women with eating disturbances were more likely to have PMS symptoms and more severe physical PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2024 How much do teenage girls know about premenstrual syndrome? Most teenage girls in this school did not know much about PMS. About 53% had low awareness. Survey study, 2024 Do teenage girls in cities have more PMS than girls in the countryside? Yes, PMS was more common and more severe in teenage girls in urban areas compared to rural areas in India. This is one regional study though, so it may not apply everywhere. Survey study, 2024 Does menstruation increase anxiety, stress, and depression? Yes, women had significantly higher anxiety, stress, and depression during menstruation compared to non-menstruating days. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does cognitive-behavioral or mindfulness stress management help reduce PMS in high school girls? The study compared cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness stress management for PMS in high school girls, but the results section of the abstract was not provided, so the effectiveness is unknown. Survey study, 2024 What factors are linked to PMDD in female university students? PMDD is common in this student population (62.6%), and appears linked to severe menstrual pain, irregular cycles, poor social support, and using contraception. Results come from one university in Ethiopia and may not apply elsewhere. Survey study, 2024 Do sports activities reduce PMS symptoms and improve mood in young women? Mood swings were significantly better in sports students (more positive) than non-sports students, but PMS symptoms showed no significant difference between the groups. This is low-strength evidence from a small observational study. Survey study, 2024 What causes worse PMS in college women? Severe period pain, heavy periods, higher stress, and lower body esteem are linked to worse PMS. These factors together explain about one quarter of PMS severity. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Do Pilates exercises and WhatsApp support reduce PMS and improve daily activities and academic performance? Yes, significantly. Students showed decreased PMS, improved daily activities, and better academic performance with highly statistically significant improvements at 4 and 8 weeks. Survey study, 2024 Does jogging help PMS and period pain? Yes. Jogging for 12 weeks improved PMS, period pain, and quality of life. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does lavender aromatherapy reduce anxiety during premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Yes, lavender aromatherapy significantly reduced anxiety levels during PMS. Most girls shifted from moderate to mild anxiety after treatment. Survey study, 2024 Does teaching about PMS help students learn? Yes. After the teaching programme, students' knowledge scores more than doubled. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does laughter yoga reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who did laughter yoga showed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, pain, bloating, and sleep problems compared to women who received no treatment. Survey study, 2024 Do lifestyle factors like diet and weight affect how bad PMS is? Yes, in this study of female medical students, higher dietary fat intake and higher BMI were linked to more severe PMS, though this was an observational study that cannot prove cause and effect. Survey study, 2024 How does period pain affect students' academic performance? Period pain significantly harms academic performance. About three quarters of students reported that mood swings during their period made it hard to concentrate, attend classes, take exams, and complete assignments. Survey study, 2024 What is the relationship between food cravings, vitamin A intake, and menstrual disorders? Women who craved high-fat and sweet foods were significantly more likely to have dysmenorrhea, PMS, and irregular menstrual cycles. Women consuming vitamin A-rich foods had substantially lower rates of dysmenorrhea and irregular cycles. Survey study, 2024 Is there a link between body weight and PMS? Yes, there is a connection between body mass index and PMS (p=0.00 with a correlation of 0.456). We do not know from this study whether weight causes PMS or if PMS affects weight, or if both are caused by something else. Survey study, 2024 Are eating patterns and rest patterns related to PMS? Yes, both eating patterns and rest patterns are significantly associated with PMS in these midwifery students. Survey study, 2024 Is PMS linked to worse sleep quality in women? Yes, women with PMS tend to have worse sleep quality. The relationship is statistically significant (p=0.005) but the connection is weak, so other factors matter too. Survey study, 2024 Does exam stress make PMS worse? Yes, exam stress was strongly linked to worse PMS symptoms in medical students (p = 0.004). Students with moderate to high stress had much worse PMS. Survey study, 2024 What is the prevalence and impact of PMS on quality of life in adolescent girls? About two-thirds of the girls studied had PMS, with headache being the most common symptom. Only about one-third reported good quality of life when asked about PMS effects. Survey study, 2024 How common are premenstrual symptoms in university students and do they affect academic performance? 78.9% of female university students had premenstrual symptoms and 90% reported that it negatively affected their academic performance, especially their ability to pay attention in class. Study, 2024 What factors affect PMS symptoms in college women? Fatigue, severe period pain, and exposure to chemicals that may interfere with hormones all affect PMS. Together, these three factors explained 30.8% of the differences in PMS symptoms between women. Survey study, 2024 What types of premenstrual syndrome exist and how common are they? Premenstrual syndrome comes in four types: anxiety-type (38%), swelling-type (26%), depression-type (22%), and cravings-type (11%). We can be fairly confident of this, though the study only included students in one Russian city. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among female medical students? 84% of female medical students experienced some form of PMS, with 25% reporting severe symptoms. Psychological symptoms were the most common type. Survey study, 2024 Does childhood abuse increase premenstrual syndrome through suicidal thoughts? Yes. Women who experienced childhood abuse were more likely to have PMS, partly through increased suicidal thoughts. Different types of abuse had slightly different patterns. Survey study, 2024 What lifestyle factors affect menstrual problems in female medical students? Weight, stress, physical activity, and pandemic impacts all affected period regularity and symptoms. Nearly all students with severe stress had irregular periods. Interview study, 2024 What do men think about menstruation and menstrual discs? Most male clients had limited knowledge and viewed menstruation as dirty or risky. When shown a menstrual disc, most accepted it as safe and hygienic. Survey study, 2024 Do medical students understand PMDD and feel prepared to diagnose it? Most medical students don't understand PMDD. Even those who studied gynecology or psychiatry don't feel prepared to diagnose it. Many confuse it with PMS. Survey study, 2024 How many adolescent girls have PMS and how much do they know about it? 32% of adolescent girls had PMS. However, 84% had no knowledge of what PMS is, suggesting most girls do not understand their symptoms. Interview study, 2024 How common is PMS in adolescent girls and what causes it? 86% of nursing students had PMS, with 54% experiencing moderate symptoms and 8% severe symptoms. Both lifestyle and personal factors influenced whether girls developed PMS. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD among medical and dental students? About 7.27% of female medical students had PMDD, while 75.7% had some premenstrual symptoms. Many men did not know about PMDD. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD among medical students, and is it linked to stress? About one in six health science students had PMDD, and one in four had PMS. Students with PMDD or moderate-to-severe PMS had notably higher stress levels than those without these symptoms. Survey study, 2024 How many Egyptian women have PMDD and what do they know about it? 10% of women at two clinics had PMDD. About 47% had good knowledge about it. Most women believed awareness was important, but few discussed it with doctors. Survey study, 2024 How severe are PMS symptoms in working women teachers, and how are different symptom types related? PMS symptoms are common and significant in working women teachers. Physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms are strongly connected - women with severe body symptoms also tend to have mood and behavior changes. Survey study, 2024 How common is premenstrual syndrome among medical students? All medical students surveyed had PMS according to the questionnaire used, though most had mild or moderate symptoms. The 100% rate is higher than other studies and suggests the questionnaire captured very mild cases. Survey study, 2024 Is premenstrual syndrome more common and severe in medical workers than non-medical workers? Yes. Severe PMS was found in 45.8% of medical workers versus 20.8% of non-medical workers, showing a clear difference. Women with PMS also had worse quality of life at work. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among female medical students and how does it affect their quality of life? About one in three female medical students had PMS, and those with it reported higher stress and lower satisfaction with their studies compared to those without. This is one survey of one university in Saudi Arabia, so we cannot be sure it applies to all medical students. Survey study, 2024 Is PMS related to willingness to seek professional help for mental health? Women with more severe PMS symptoms were more likely to want professional psychological help. This was a survey of college students in Oman, so results may not apply to other populations or countries. Survey study, 2024 How common is premenstrual syndrome and what makes it worse? About 68% of health sciences students had premenstrual symptoms, and 79% of those had a family history of PMS. The study found menstrual pain, amount of bleeding, and family history were linked to having PMS. Survey study, 2024 Does premenstrual syndrome affect a woman's quality of life? The study measured quality of life in physiotherapy students and found an average score of 72.59%, and concluded that quality of life was affected by PMS. Without knowing how this score compares to women without PMS, it is hard to judge how significant this finding is. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS in female medical students in Vietnam and does it affect their exam attendance? Most female medical students experience PMS symptoms, but most do not miss exams because of them. Among 231 students, 94.8% never missed exams and only 0.4% consistently missed exams. Survey study, 2024 What PMS symptoms do nursing students experience? Most nursing students experience PMS symptoms. The most common were lower abdominal pain in 55.6%, mood swings in 64.9%, and fatigue in 39.8%. Survey study, 2024 How common is dysmenorrhea related to PMS in university students, and how do they treat it? About 54% of 320 university students in Karachi experienced PMS-related dysmenorrhea. Most women (93%) used plant-based remedies, while only 7% used standard medications. Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD among female physicians? Among female physicians surveyed, 22.7% had PMDD and 58.7% had moderate to severe PMS. The most common symptoms were lack of social interest, fatigue, and feeling overwhelmed. Survey study, 2024 How common is moderate-to-severe PMS and PMDD among young women in India? Among 198 young women aged 17-30 in India, 23.5% had moderate-to-severe PMS and 2% had PMDD. PMS was significantly more common in students (30.6%) than working professionals (11.1%). Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among university students and what lifestyle factors relate to less PMS? PMS is very common: 83% had psychological symptoms, 79.4% had physical symptoms, 76.6% had behavioral symptoms. Diet and lifestyle choices like normal weight, no smoking, and eating fruits and vegetables were linked to less PMS. Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD in college students, and what factors are linked to them? PMS and PMDD are common in college students. They are strongly linked to high stress, irregular periods, longer menstrual cycles, and demanding schoolwork. Most common symptoms are anger, tiredness, and loss of interest in activities. Study, 2024 Does PMDD affect quality of life and depression more than regular PMS? Yes. Women with PMDD had much lower quality of life and much higher depression than women with PMS. Survey study, 2024 Is physical activity linked to less PMS? In 500 college students, overall PMS severity was not significantly linked to physical activity levels. However, behavioral symptoms of PMS were significantly linked to activity levels. Survey study, 2024 Do stress, sleep patterns, and exercise affect premenstrual syndrome? Yes. All three factors were linked to PMS, with sleep patterns being the most important predictor. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMDD among nursing students? In this group of nursing students, moderate to severe PMS affected about 28% and PMDD affected about 6%, and both groups said it hurt their college performance. Survey study, 2024 Is lifestyle and stress linked to PMS in nursing students? Yes. Physical activity, sleep patterns, diet, and stress were all significantly linked to PMS in nursing students. Survey study, 2024 Does stress affect menstrual symptoms? Yes, but only slightly. Stress accounted for about 6.5% of the difference in symptom levels between women. Randomised trial, 2024 Does pilates exercise and text message support reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, an 8-week program of pilates exercise combined with WhatsApp text message support significantly reduced PMS symptoms. The study was poorly reported with unclear sample size, limiting confidence. Survey study, 2024 Is psychological stress linked to menstrual problems? Yes. Higher stress was linked to more dysmenorrhea (period pain), premenstrual syndrome, and heavy bleeding in medical students. The study is associational, so we don't know if stress causes these problems or if they cause stress. Survey study, 2024 Does yoga reduce menstrual pain in teenage girls? Yes, yoga reduced menstrual pain. Pain scores fell from 5.15 to 3.00 after yoga. A clear difference was seen. Survey study, 2024 Do chemicals that disrupt hormones and social support affect stress in nursing students with PMS? Yes. Social support strongly reduces stress in nursing students with PMS, and avoiding chemicals that disrupt hormones may also help. Survey study, 2024 Is stress linked to premenstrual syndrome? Yes, moderate to high stress was significantly linked to PMS risk. Women with moderate to high stress were 1.79 times more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2024 What are the most common PMS symptoms in medical students and what lifestyle factors make them worse? Anxiety, bloating, and breast tenderness are most common. Coffee drinking, eating sweets, smoking, and heavier periods are linked to worse symptoms, though this doesn't prove they cause PMS. Survey study, 2024 Is exposure to chemicals that disrupt hormones linked to more severe PMS? Yes. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between endocrine disruptor exposure and PMS severity (r = 0.196, p = 0.014), though the relationship was modest. Survey study, 2024 Does knowing more about PMS help high school girls manage stress about their symptoms? Yes. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge about PMS and stress levels (p = 0.000), with girls having more knowledge reporting lower stress. Survey study, 2024 Does diet affect premenstrual syndrome symptoms? The study found that breakfast and lunch intake were related to PMS, and women with PMS ate more total energy daily but less protein. We cannot be sure diet causes PMS from this study alone. Survey study, 2024 Are personality traits linked to PMS? Yes, personality traits predicted PMS severity. Being more introverted, emotionally reactive, and inconsistent were linked to more PMS symptoms. About two-thirds of students had PMS. Survey study, 2024 Is PMS linked to insomnia in female medical students? Yes, there was a statistically significant relationship between PMS and insomnia in the students studied. Survey study, 2024 Does stress affect the menstrual cycle in college students? Yes, there is a significant relationship between stress level and menstrual cycle in this study. However, this is cross-sectional so we cannot be sure stress causes menstrual changes rather than the reverse. Survey study, 2024 Do women with worse PMS use more complementary and alternative medicine? No clear relationship was found between PMS symptom severity and attitudes toward complementary medicine. However, women with PMS commonly use self-help methods. Survey study, 2024 Does academic stress cause worse PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes, there is a clear relationship. Teenage girls with higher academic stress reported worse PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2024 Is stress linked to premenstrual syndrome? The study found no significant connection between stress levels and PMS in 48 midwifery students. The researchers note that PMS likely has many causes, not just stress. Survey study, 2024 Do mental health professionals in Japan recognize PMDD and PMS in their patients? Few professionals initially considered PMDD or PMS when given a case description. But most recognized it when told the symptoms were linked to the menstrual cycle. Survey study, 2024 Can yoga and diet reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? The study found that female college students who did yoga regularly had lower PMS scores (88) than those who did not (100). However, this is an observation only and does not prove yoga prevents PMS. Survey study, 2023 What factors increase the risk of PMS or PMDD? Negative Rh blood type, earlier age at menstruation, caffeine use more than three times per week, and depression are linked to higher risk of PMS or PMDD. Survey study, 2023 What menstrual symptoms do college students experience and what medicines do they use? The abstract does not clearly report the study findings. It concludes PMS is treatable and that education and lifestyle counseling can help. Survey study, 2023 How many women have PMS and what do they know about managing it? 80% of 250 urban women reported PMS symptoms, but only 48% met clinical criteria for diagnosis. Most women did nothing to relieve their symptoms, and over 60% experienced disruption in daily life. Survey study, 2023 What do adolescent girls know about PMS? Most girls (86.67%) had good knowledge about PMS, but 10% had poor knowledge. Girls whose mothers had higher education knew more about PMS. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS symptoms in adolescent girls and what are their menstrual patterns? Most girls (80.6%) had high levels of PMS symptoms. Many had irregular menstrual cycles, which is normal in early adolescence. Survey study, 2023 Is there a relationship between physical activity and premenstrual syndrome? Yes. There is a strong relationship between physical activity and PMS. Women with lighter physical activity were more likely to experience PMS. Survey study, 2023 How much does PMS affect female students' grades, mood, and social life? Significantly. PMS was linked to mood swings, irritability, delayed homework, and social withdrawal. The study was observational, so it shows associations but not proof of cause. Survey study, 2023 Is PMS linked to poor sleep and negative feelings about menstruation? Yes, worse PMS symptoms are strongly linked to poorer sleep quality and more negative attitudes toward menstruation. Survey study, 2023 Does exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Each additional 15 minutes per day of moderate activity was linked to 42% lower PMS scores, and 15 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity to 39% lower scores. The study was observational, so we cannot confirm exercise reduces PMS. Survey study, 2023 Is there a link between PMS symptoms and how the nervous system controls heart rate? Possibly. Three women showed medium to high connections between their PMS symptoms and heart rate variability throughout the menstrual cycle, especially for mood symptoms. Survey study, 2023 Does physical activity help reduce PMS symptoms in female college students? Yes. Moderate and vigorous physical activity were linked to lower rates of PMS. Light activity and sitting time showed no link. This is observational, so we cannot be certain that exercise prevents PMS. Survey study, 2023 Does attachment style affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are? For women not on hormonal birth control, yes. Women with anxious attachment (being very worried in relationships) had more severe premenstrual symptoms through difficulty controlling emotions. Women on hormonal contraception did not show this pattern. Survey study, 2023 Does childhood trauma increase the risk of PMDD? Yes. Women who experienced childhood trauma were about three times more likely to have PMDD symptoms than those who did not experience childhood trauma. Survey study, 2023 Do women with PMS have slower reaction times and mood changes than others? Women with PMS had slower reaction times and higher anxiety, depression, and stress levels. As PMS severity increased, these effects worsened. Survey study, 2023 Do psychological patterns change across the menstrual cycle? This study found certain psychological patterns were lower on day 15 compared to day 1 of the cycle. Anxiety, depression, and stress were linked to more pronounced psychological challenges. However, this was small and done in one country, so findings may not apply broadly. Survey study, 2023 Did COVID-19 stress affect menstrual cycles and mental health? Yes, during the pandemic women had longer cycles, more heavy bleeding days, and more mental health problems like depression and anxiety. The proportion of women with heavy bleeding more than doubled. Survey study, 2023 Does premenstrual syndrome affect physical activity and quality of life? Cannot be determined. The abstract provided is incomplete and does not include results. Study, 2023 Does the hormone LH affect whether young women get PMS? Young women with PMS had different LH hormone levels compared to those without PMS, showing a link between this hormone and PMS. LH levels also differed between mild and severe PMS. Survey study, 2023 Does meditation reduce stress markers in women with PMS? Yes. Four weeks of daily meditation significantly reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and stress hormone levels in women with PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Do text message education programs reduce PMS symptoms? Text message-based education appeared to reduce PMS symptoms compared to a control group, though the two groups started with different baseline PMS scores which makes the results uncertain. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does poetry therapy help women with PMDD reduce negative thoughts and improve mood? Yes. Women who received group poetry therapy had significant improvements in negative thoughts, intrusive memories, and mood balance compared to no treatment. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does progressive muscle relaxation reduce premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Yes. Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation was effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome symptoms in teenage girls compared to no treatment. Survey study, 2023 Does a video program help teenagers learn about PMS? Yes. Teenagers who watched a video about PMS gained 16.55% more knowledge than those who did not. Survey study, 2023 Does poor sleep make PMS and period pain worse in teenage girls? Yes. Poor sleep quality, very short sleep (less than 5 hours), and late bedtimes all affected premenstrual and period symptoms, with sleep quality being the most important factor. Survey study, 2023 What factors make PMS more likely during a pandemic? High stress level is clearly linked to PMS. Poor diet may also increase PMS risk when stress is considered. Survey study, 2023 What factors affect whether high school students get PMS? 7.6% of students had PMS in this study. Knowledge, behavior, age at first period, and stress level all showed clear relationships with PMS. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMDD among female medical students and does it affect their quality of life? PMDD affected 12.1% of female medical students studied. Women with PMDD reported significantly lower physical and mental quality of life compared to those without PMDD. Study, 2023 What is the knowledge level of adolescents about premenstrual syndrome? Most female students in the school had moderate level knowledge about PMS. Survey study, 2023 Does lifestyle affect PMS symptoms in nursing students? No clear relationship was found between lifestyle and PMS in this study. Survey study, 2023 Is anxiety linked to premenstrual syndrome complaints? Yes, anxiety was significantly associated with PMS complaints. Over two-thirds of students reported PMS complaints, and more than one-third had heavy anxiety. Survey study, 2023 Is there a link between PMS and poor sleep in teenage girls? Yes, there is a significant relationship between PMS and sleep quality (p=0.020), with 89.2% of girls having poor sleep. Survey study, 2023 Does knowing about PMS help reduce anxiety about it in young girls? Yes, the study found that girls with better knowledge about PMS experienced less anxiety (p=0.003). However, attitudes about menstruation alone did not significantly affect anxiety levels (p=0.303). Survey study, 2023 Are knowledge and stress related to PMS in final-year university students? Stress showed a clear relationship with PMS, but knowledge did not in this study. About 9 out of 10 students reported PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2023 Is there a link between PMS and emotional eating? Yes, women with PMS were more likely to eat emotionally. The study was small and limited to nutrition students in Indonesia, so we cannot be sure the findings apply to all women. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS affect emotional regulation in medical students? The abstract does not include the study's results or findings. Case-control study, 2023 Does diet and stress affect premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Energy intake, certain types of fat, vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium, and psychological stress were linked to PMS symptoms. Protein and carbohydrate were not. Survey study, 2023 Is stress linked to premenstrual syndrome? Yes, there was a clear link between stress and PMS. Among women with stress, 62.2% had PMS compared to 31.3% of women without stress. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS severity affect how well undergraduate medical students perform in school? Yes. Students with higher PMS severity had significantly worse academic performance compared to those with milder PMS. Survey study, 2023 How do menstrual pain and PMS affect female medical students' academic and social life? More severe menstrual pain was strongly linked to worse academic performance, reduced social activities, damaged relationships, and more school absences. Survey study, 2023 What factors most influence PMS severity in college students? Sleep problems and eating attitude problems were the strongest factors linked to worse PMS, along with menstrual pain. Together these explained about one quarter of why some women have worse symptoms. Study, 2023 What coping strategies help reduce PMS severity? Yes. Seeking positive activities to cope with PMS was linked to lower PMS severity. Doing enjoyable things during your cycle might help manage your symptoms. Randomised trial, 2023 What does research show about PMDD neurochemistry? The provided text does not include results from a PMDD neurochemistry study. It discusses unrelated research on other topics. Survey study, 2023 How much do teenage girls in Nepal know about PMS and what symptoms do they experience? Most teenage girls have very poor knowledge about PMS (90.2%), and 77% experience PMS symptoms. The most common symptoms are mood swings, headaches, irritability, and acne. Survey study, 2023 What do adolescent girls know about premenstrual syndrome? Most adolescent girls had average or good knowledge about PMS. 56.5% had average knowledge and 37.1% had good knowledge. Researchers also created and validated an information booklet to help teach girls about PMS. Study, 2023 How does menstruation affect different areas of women's lives? Menstruation affects mental health, education, money, and culture, and the challenges are worse for some women depending on race and economic status. Survey study, 2023 Does peer group education reduce anxiety about PMS in teenage students? Yes, peer group education reduced anxiety about PMS in these teenagers. Most had no anxiety after the program (72.7%) compared to 37.7% before. Study, 2023 Does education about PMS help young women understand the condition? Yes, clearly. Young women who received education and counseling about PMS showed increased knowledge about the condition. Survey study, 2023 Does knowledge about PMS reduce PMS symptoms in female students? Yes, students with good knowledge were more likely to not experience PMS symptoms compared to those with poor knowledge, and attitudes were also related to experiencing symptoms. However, we cannot tell if knowledge reduces PMS or if the relationship works differently. Survey study, 2023 What do adolescent girls in India know about menstruation and PMS? Most girls knew menstruation was natural and learned from their mothers, but over half had never heard of PMS. Girls with good knowledge about periods had less period-related anxiety. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD among female medical students in Nepal? PMS was found in 64% of female medical students and PMDD in 36.3%. However, only 7.3% of students with these conditions sought medical help despite major impacts on concentration and mood. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD in Iranian medical students, and what factors increase risk? 38.6% had PMS and 8% had PMDD. The strongest risk factors were recent stress and being married. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMDD among female medical students, and do they recognize it? 27% of female medical students had PMDD, but only 25.9% of those diagnosed recognized the condition. Overall, just 38% of students had adequate awareness of PMDD. Those with PMDD had lower hemoglobin and higher inflammation markers. Survey study, 2023 How many adolescent girls have PMS and does it affect their school grades? About 4 in 10 adolescent girls in secondary school had mild to moderate PMS. Girls with PMS were more likely to have poor grades, but the study cannot prove PMS causes the poor performance. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among medical students, and what are the most common symptoms? 73.45% of medical students had PMS. The most common symptom was irritability (98.79%), followed by abdominal bloating (75.90%). Most women had either mild or moderate symptoms. Interview study, 2023 What coping strategies do nursing students use during PMS? Most students had moderate PMS and used electronic devices to cope, though the study suggests they would benefit from education about healthier coping strategies. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS affect sleep quality in female medical students? The study found no overall statistical relationship between PMS severity and sleep quality, though all students with moderate to severe PMS had poor sleep while 61.7% with mild or no PMS also had poor sleep. The unclear pattern suggests the relationship is more complex. Survey study, 2023 Does drospirenone-containing birth control reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Female students who took drospirenone-containing contraceptive for 6 months showed statistically significant reductions in PMS symptoms, especially in irritability, aggressiveness, and sleep. Interview study, 2023 What PMS symptoms do university students experience, and how do they cope with them? University students frequently reported PMS, with anxiety, fatigue, and breast tenderness being the most common symptoms. Most students had good coping skills and used strategies like rest, exercise, and herbal tea. Survey study, 2023 Is there a relationship between PMS and eating disorder symptoms in university students? The study found high PMS rates and low eating disorder rates in nutrition students. Irregular sleep was linked to more severe PMS, but the relationship between PMS and eating attitudes needs more research. Survey study, 2023 How many university students have PMS and what do they know about it? 53.6% of students reported experiencing PMS. More than half had good knowledge and positive attitudes about PMS. 70.3% said PMS disrupted their normal routine. Survey study, 2023 What percentage of women aged 20-35 have PMS symptoms and what types are most common? This survey of 252 women found that about half (45.2%) report moderate PMS symptoms and 40.1% report mild symptoms. The most common physical symptoms are breast tenderness and swelling (52.8%), skin lesions (44%), and cravings for salt or sugar (40.9%). Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among female university students in Kenya and how do they manage it? This survey of 356 female university students found that PMS is very common, with 86.7% reporting symptoms. Most students (63.9%) use some form of treatment, with medication being most popular (51.3%). Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among nursing students in Sudan, and how much does it affect daily life? In this study, about 4 in 10 nursing students had PMS, and it affected things like eating, recreation, and social life, with mood swings and nervous tension being the most noticeable symptoms. Because this was a small, one-time survey, the result tells us about this group only, not women in general. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among teenage girls in Nigeria? Very common. 75.3% of the 300 girls studied had PMS. The most common symptoms were period pain (81% of those with PMS) and mood swings (58.4%). These numbers describe this population, though they may differ in other regions. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among female nursing students in Kuwait? This survey of 308 female nursing students found that nearly all report PMS symptoms: 98.4% report at least one symptom, with 97.7% experiencing physical symptoms and 95.5% experiencing psychological symptoms. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS affect the school performance of physiotherapy students? This survey of 89 physiotherapy students found that 39.3% have PMS at moderate levels, and there is a significant link between PMS and lower academic performance. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among college-age girls in India? 86% of college girls in India had PMS. Common symptoms included depressed mood, irritability, headaches, and body pain. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among female nursing students and how does it affect their lives? 61.4% of nursing students had PMS. Most had physical symptoms, anger, anxiety, and sensitivity. These symptoms interfered significantly with family relationships, social life, and academic work. Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS and PMDD among college girls, and what are their symptoms? Among 318 college students in India, 44 had PMDD and 89 had PMS. Symptoms differed, with PMDD including more severe mood changes like anger, tearfulness, and anxiety than PMS. Survey study, 2023 Is PMS or PMDD more common in girls who live in dormitories? The study found no difference in PMDD between girls living in dormitories versus at home, but more girls at home experienced PMS. We cannot be sure why since this was a descriptive study without detailed comparisons. Survey study, 2023 How common are period pain, PMS, and premenstrual symptoms in physiotherapy students? Most physiotherapy students report premenstrual symptoms affecting their daily lives, with the most common being impact on social activities (49%), work relationships (43%), food cravings (43%), bloating (41%), and headaches (41%). Survey study, 2023 What psychological symptoms do adolescent girls with premenstrual syndrome experience? Among 95 junior high school girls, 56.8% had PMS with mild severity. Most experienced irritability (87.4%), and large numbers experienced anxiety (72.6%) and withdrawal behavior (86.3%). Survey study, 2023 Does menstrual distress affect how well female basketball players perform? No. Menstrual distress did not appear to affect basketball performance. However, women with more menstrual distress were more likely to also have depression. Randomised trial, 2023 Does a smartphone app for heart rate variability biofeedback reduce premenstrual and depressive symptoms? Yes, the app reduced premenstrual, depressive, and stress symptoms over 4 weeks. However, it did not change the underlying heart rate patterns it was designed to improve. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Can Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique help with premenstrual mood swings? Unable to answer based on this abstract. The abstract describes the study methods but does not report the results or whether SEFT therapy helped. Survey study, 2023 Do marriage happiness and personality affect how bad PMS is? This study found that women who were happier in their marriage and had certain personality traits tended to have less severe PMS, partly linked to fewer unhelpful thinking patterns, but it only shows a pattern, not proof of cause. Study, 2023 Does martial arts exercise reduce PMS? Yes. Female students who did more pencak silat exercise had lower PMS symptoms, but this is based on students who already do martial arts, so we cannot be certain it causes the improvement. Survey study, 2023 Does PMS affect school performance and relationships in female medical students? Yes, significantly. 73.6% of the 2080 students studied had premenstrual symptoms, and those with symptoms did worse in school and had more problems with relationships. The study shows a clear link, but only studied medical students. Survey study, 2023 Does spending too much time on social media make PMS symptoms worse? Women who spent more time on social media reported worse PMS symptoms and poorer sleep. The connection was clear, though the study cannot show that one causes the other. Survey study, 2023 Did COVID-19 lifestyle changes worsen PMS symptoms and quality of life? Changes in diet, exercise, sleep, and stress during COVID-19 affected PMS symptoms in university students and reduced both their physical and mental quality of life. The study shows these are linked but does not identify which specific changes had the most impact. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Can module-based education increase adolescent girls' confidence in managing premenstrual syndrome? Yes. After receiving module-based education, most girls moved from poor knowledge to adequate or good knowledge about premenstrual syndrome. Survey study, 2023 How common is PMS among midwifery students and does lifestyle affect it? 51.3% of midwifery students had PMS. Fast food, poor sleep, stress, and menstrual pain were significantly linked to PMS, while white meat consumption was linked to lower PMS. Survey study, 2023 Are stress and physical activity related to PMS? Yes, both seem related. Stress showed a strong relationship to PMS (correlation 0.708) and physical activity also showed a relationship (correlation 0.066), though much weaker. Both were statistically significant. Survey study, 2023 Are academic stress and weight connected with PMS symptoms in teenage girls? In this study of 31 ninth grade girls, both academic stress and body weight were clearly linked to PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2023 Is stress from online learning linked to PMS during the pandemic? Yes. Stress and PMS increased together with strong statistical evidence (r = 0.782, p = 0.000). Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does teaching about PMS improve knowledge and reduce school absences? Yes, teaching about PMS significantly increased knowledge (from 20.6% to 72.2% with good knowledge) and improved attitudes. It was also associated with fewer school absences. Non-randomised trial, 2023 Does education help teenage girls learn to detect and manage PMS? Yes, after education and discussion, 87.5% of girls had good knowledge about early detection and management of PMS. However, the study only measured knowledge, not whether girls actually detected or managed symptoms better. Study, 2023 Do women with severe PMS process rewards differently in the brain than women with mild PMS? Yes. Women with severe PMS showed stronger brain activity when expecting money, and different patterns of response compared to women with mild PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Does teaching adolescents about period symptoms improve their knowledge and attitudes? Yes, after one week of teaching, more girls had adequate knowledge about PMS and more had positive attitudes. There was no comparison group. Survey study, 2022 What diet and stress factors are linked to PMS in teenage girls? High calorie foods, herbal teas, and higher stress levels are linked to PMS and PMDD. Getting adequate sleep, eating regular meals, avoiding fast food, and managing stress may help reduce PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Does guided imagery help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Guided imagery reduced PMS symptom scores by 21.4%, but this was a small study with no control group to compare against. Survey study, 2022 Does muscle relaxation reduce PMS symptoms? A specific muscle relaxation technique significantly reduced PMS symptoms in the study group. However, without a control group, we cannot be certain the technique itself caused the improvement. Study, 2022 What is premenstrual syndrome and how do doctors diagnose it? Premenstrual syndrome is a pattern of symptoms that appears 1-2 weeks before menstruation and disappears after it starts. Doctors diagnose it using the timing of symptoms, whether they repeat monthly, and whether they interfere with daily life. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Is nutrition status linked to PMS, and does health education help? Girls with normal nutrition status had less PMS. The age they started their period was not linked to PMS. Health education improved their knowledge about PMS. Survey study, 2022 What are the most common PMS symptoms and coping strategies in female students? The most common symptoms were mood swings (77.7%), irritability, fatigue, and breast tenderness. Most students coped by resting, sleeping, or accepting it as natural, but 88.3% had poor health-seeking behavior. Survey study, 2022 Does green tea reduce physical PMS symptoms? Women who drank 3 cups of green tea daily for 3 months reported improvement in physical symptoms like bloating and acne. However, there was no control group, so we cannot be certain green tea caused this improvement. Survey study, 2022 Is stress linked to irregular menstrual cycles? Yes, there's a clear link. People with high stress were more likely to have irregular cycles, and irregular cycles were strongly associated with high stress levels. Survey study, 2022 What factors predict body weight in female nursing students? Sleep disruption, PMS symptoms, and poor sleep quality are all linked to higher body weight in this group. Sleep disruption was the strongest predictor. Case-control study, 2022 Do women with PMS show different brain activity when viewing sad images compared to women without PMS? Yes, a clear difference. Women with PMS showed stronger activation in visual processing and cerebellum areas but weaker activation in emotion regulation and decision-making areas compared to controls. Survey study, 2022 What complementary and alternative therapies do nursing students in Egypt use for PMS? 87% of nursing students used complementary or alternative therapies for PMS, with herbal therapy being most common. The study shows what people use but not whether these treatments are effective. Survey study, 2022 Is body weight linked to PMS in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with low body weight had more PMS than girls with normal weight. Improving nutrition may help reduce symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Did COVID-19 stress worsen period pain and PMS symptoms in female medical students? Yes. Severe period pain increased from 36.9% before COVID-19 to 49.9% during the pandemic, and period symptoms were closely linked to depression and anxiety. Lab study, 2022 Do premenstrual women have the yeast fungus Candida in their urine? In a small study of 15 college students, 40% had Candida albicans detected in their urine before menstruation, especially among women reporting vaginal itching. This study does not show whether Candida causes premenstrual symptoms. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in medical students and what are the main symptoms? 18.9% of medical students had PMS. Anxiety before the period (78.8%) and stomach pain during the period (72.2%) were the most common complaints. Students who started menstruating earlier were more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2022 What methods without medication do women with PMS use to manage symptoms? Most midwifery students with PMS used heat-based methods like hot showers and hot applications, often combined with medication. Over half had moderate PMS severity. Survey study, 2022 Do vegetarians have worse PMS than non-vegetarians? Possibly. Symptoms were slightly more severe in vegetarians (9%) compared to non-vegetarians (5%), though the study does not explain why and found no link between BMI and PMS severity. Interview study, 2022 Does a mindfulness program help improve PMDD and quality of life? A small pilot test of a six-module mindfulness program showed improvements in severe PMS (PMDD) symptoms and quality of life, but the study was too small to confirm it works widely. Survey study, 2022 How common is severe PMS (PMDD) and how much does it affect daily life? About 4.46% of college students had severe PMS (PMDD), and the disability they experienced was as serious as major mental illnesses, highlighting the need for early identification. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Is reflexology or acupressure more helpful for period symptoms? Reflexology reduced symptoms more than acupressure in this 40-girl study. Both groups improved but there was no untreated control group. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Is Pilates exercise or Benson relaxation more effective for PMS? Both Pilates and Benson relaxation significantly reduced PMS symptoms. Pilates was more effective at reducing physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms after 8 weeks. Survey study, 2022 How does PMS affect university students' school and daily life, and how do they cope? About one-third of students reported that PMS affected their school performance, relationships, or daily activities. Students used various coping methods, including seeing health workers and taking painkillers, though some used less helpful approaches like drinking alcohol. Study, 2022 What factors affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are in female college students? Women with higher self-compassion and better sleep had milder premenstrual symptoms. Those who felt shame about their body or had a family history of menstrual disorders had more severe symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Are actions to reduce exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with severe PMS? Yes, women who took actions to minimize exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals were more likely to have severe PMS. However, this study cannot show whether the actions cause PMS; health-conscious women may simply be more aware of symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Do women change what they eat during the luteal phase? Most women eat more during the luteal phase, with 85% eating more sugars and sweets, and 91.78% of women experience food cravings during this time. Survey study, 2022 What psychological factors predict PMS in nursing students? Resilience (the ability to bounce back from stress) was the strongest predictor of PMS, with better resilience linked to fewer symptoms. Menstrual attitude also predicted PMS severity. Survey study, 2022 Does stress increase the risk of PMS in midwifery students? Yes, stress significantly increased PMS in these students (p=0.000). Survey study, 2022 Do stress, exercise, and diet affect PMS in teenagers? No significant link was found between stress, exercise, diet, and PMS in this study of 70 nursing students. However, the study was small and only looked at one moment in time, so we cannot be confident in this result. Survey study, 2022 How common is premenstrual syndrome in nursing students and how much does it affect daily life? The study measured PMS in 100 nursing students but did not report the actual findings. Interview study, 2022 How common is PMS in university students and does it affect quality of life? 67.8% of students had PMS, and women with PMS reported significantly reduced quality of life across several areas of daily functioning. Survey study, 2022 What do health college students believe about PMS and how do they cope with it? We cannot say, because the available summary only describes the survey tools used and does not report the actual results on beliefs or coping strategies. Survey study, 2022 Does physical activity affect how severe PMS is in teenage girls? Yes. Girls with less physical activity had higher risk of PMS. This relationship was found during the COVID-19 pandemic when many girls' activity dropped due to school closures. Survey study, 2022 Does weight and vitamin B6 affect PMS? Women with higher weight had more severe PMS. Vitamin B6 intake showed no link to PMS severity. Survey study, 2022 Is nutritional status linked to premenstrual syndrome? Yes, there was a clear connection between nutritional status and higher rates of PMS in these students. However, the study was small, so these findings need testing in larger groups before we can be confident they apply to all women. Study, 2022 What are the characteristics of teenagers with PMS? In a group of 34 grade 12 students with PMS, most were 17 years old, had started their period between ages 13-15, had longer periods lasting 7 or more days, and changed pads 3 or more times per day. Cohort study, 2022 Does heavy use of caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco link to worse PMS symptoms? College women who used more caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco had more severe PMS symptoms. The more substances used together, the worse the symptoms became. Survey study, 2022 Can peer health education help young women manage PMS? Yes. Peer education using counseling techniques reduced anxiety about PMS in high school students, with 54.5% very satisfied and 41.6% satisfied with the education. Survey study, 2022 What factors make PMS mood swings worse? Stress, gynecological conditions like endometriosis and PCOS, and family history of bipolar disorder can worsen PMS. About two-thirds of women (67.4%) reported PMS and a quarter (25.6%) had PMDD. Survey study, 2022 Does exercising regularly stop PMS symptoms in students? In this small study, students who exercised regularly did not have fewer PMS symptoms. In fact, PMS was more common among those who exercised regularly, but this study cannot show that exercise caused it. Non-randomised trial, 2022 Can a PMS tracking app combined with education reduce anxiety symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Teenage girls who used a PMS tracking app and attended an educational class showed reduced anxiety symptoms from PMS compared to girls who only received counseling. Survey study, 2022 Does caffeine consumption cause or worsen PMS? Yes. There is a clear relationship between how much caffeine women consume and whether they experience PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Is Facebook easy and useful for learning about PMS? Yes. Of 77 school teenagers, 63.6% found Facebook easy to use for PMS health education and 57.1% found it useful. Students who found it easier to use were more likely to find it useful. Survey study, 2022 What makes teenage girls adopt behaviours to prevent PMS? Girls who believe they are at risk of PMS, believe they can prevent it, and see few barriers to prevention are more likely to adopt preventive behaviours. These factors predict about one-third of behaviour change. Survey study, 2022 Does PMS affect how well college students can study? Yes. PMS is strongly related to problems with study activities, with women reporting significant impact on their ability to study. Survey study, 2022 Is there a link between premenstrual syndrome and fear of childbirth? Yes, women with more PMS symptoms tend to have more fear of childbirth, though the connection is weak. This finding comes from university students only, so we should be cautious about whether it applies to all women. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in physiotherapy students and what is linked to it? PMS is very common: 85% had it. Living in a rural area, starting periods young, higher BMI, and family history of menstrual problems were all linked to higher PMS risk. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in university students and what helps them cope with symptoms? PMS was very common in this group. Most students coped by resting (67.6%) or sleeping (60.7%). Several menstrual and personal factors were linked to higher PMS risk, including family history, heavy periods, and starting menstruation early. Survey study, 2022 How many female university students have PMS and what do they know about it? 42.8% of university students had PMS and 78% reported it disrupted their daily routine. However, many students lacked awareness about PMS and did not know when to seek treatment. Survey study, 2022 How common is premenstrual tension in adolescent girls? Most adolescent girls experience mild to moderate premenstrual tension syndrome. Family background like mother's education and father's job appear to be related to symptom levels. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among female university students in Central Uganda? 28.3% of 238 female university students in Central Uganda had PMS, though 76.9% had at least one PMS symptom. The study shows how common PMS is but cannot explain why. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in female medical students and how does it affect their ability to study? PMS was present in 37% of medical students. It significantly reduced their study time, work productivity, concentration, and exam performance. Survey study, 2022 How common is severe premenstrual disorder (PMDD) in female medical students in Nepal? About 3.8% of the 266 medical students studied had PMDD. This is higher than in other similar studies, though the small number of cases (10 women) means we should be cautious. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in adolescent girls? PMS was very common in adolescent girls, with 84% experiencing symptoms. More than half had moderate or severe symptoms. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in female university students and does it affect their comfort? About 34% of university students had PMS, and those with PMS had lower comfort levels than those without. Depression was the most prominent symptom. Survey study, 2022 How common are PMS and PMDD in university students and what factors increase the risk? Nearly half of university students have PMS (46.9%) and about 1 in 10 have PMDD (11.1%). Depression, recent alcohol use, and being a first or second year student are risk factors. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among young women at university and what factors increase risk? Over 90% of women reported at least one premenstrual symptom. Being in a high-level year of study and having low income were significantly linked to higher PMS rates. Survey study, 2022 How common is premenstrual syndrome among female medical students and does it affect their grades? 65.4% of female medical students had premenstrual syndrome, but it did not significantly affect their academic performance. Survey study, 2022 How common are premenstrual syndrome and PMDD among college students in Mongolia? 23.8% had moderate to severe PMS and 4.7% had PMDD. The most common symptoms were fatigue (86.7%), anger or irritability (80.9%), and tearfulness (76.2%). Survey study, 2022 What is the prevalence of PMS among college students in South India and what coping strategies do they use? 40% had PMS. Most coped with lying down with a pillow (53.8%) or drinking hot or cold drinks (37.8%). Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in college-age women? Very common. All 228 college students studied reported at least one PMS symptom. Over half had mild PMS, about one third had moderate symptoms, and 11% had severe symptoms. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS among teenage girls in India and what factors are associated with it? Nearly all girls (94.8%) had at least one premenstrual symptom, and 19.3% had moderate to severe PMS. Dysmenorrhea and stress were common and associated with PMS. Survey study, 2022 What problems do young teenage girls experience during their period? Most experience body pain, leg pain, and headaches. Many also have mood changes, irritability, and stress. Some lack privacy or face restrictions. Survey study, 2022 Did fear of COVID-19 affect premenstrual symptoms in university students? Women with higher fear of COVID-19 had worse PMS symptoms, especially if the pandemic changed their menstrual cycles. This shows an association but doesn't prove fear caused worse PMS. Survey study, 2022 Is stress during menstruation related to menstrual cycle regularity? There is a weak negative relationship between stress during menstruation and menstrual cycle length, meaning higher stress is slightly associated with shorter cycles. Survey study, 2022 Is there a link between PMS and sleep quality in young women? Yes, students with worse PMS symptoms tended to have worse sleep quality, and PMS-related sleep changes were the strongest predictor of poor sleep. Survey study, 2022 Does your body size and shape affect whether you get PMS? No. Body measurements like weight, waist size, and waist-to-hip ratio showed no link to PMS in these college students. Survey study, 2022 What personal factors are linked to PMS in young women? Starting menstruation before age 12 and having 5 or more days of bleeding were linked to higher PMS rates. This is one survey, so it shows association but not cause. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in nursing students? Very common. 99% of nursing students experience PMS, and about 62% say it affects their daily activities before their period. Survey study, 2022 What helps prevent premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls? Girls who exercise weekly, come from higher-income families, and have more educated mothers are more likely to adopt behaviors that prevent or reduce PMS symptoms. However, overall adoption of preventive behaviors was low in this group of high school students. Survey study, 2022 Does stress affect PMDD symptoms in young women? Yes. Women with higher stress levels had more PMDD symptoms. Weight did not appear to affect symptoms. Stress accounted for about one-third of the differences in how severe PMDD was. Survey study, 2022 Does PMS hurt quality of life in young nursing students? Yes, students who had PMS tended to have poor quality of life, and the worse their PMS, the worse their quality of life, though this can't prove PMS directly causes the poor quality of life. Survey study, 2022 Did COVID-19 increase PMS symptoms in female doctors? Yes. Female doctors showed more PMS and PMDD symptoms during the pandemic, linked to psychological stress. Front-line workers had worse symptoms. Survey study, 2022 Does PMS and painful periods affect students' ability to study? Yes, PMS and period pain were very common and most students reported they impaired concentration and studying. This is a small survey without a control group. Survey study, 2022 Does physical activity or sleep quality help reduce PMS? Better sleep quality may help reduce PMS, but physical activity did not show a clear link in this study. This very small study of 33 women cannot provide reliable answers. Survey study, 2022 Does PMS affect quality of life in female medical students? Yes. Female medical students with PMS had significantly lower quality of life scores in emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health compared to those without PMS. Survey study, 2021 Does better diet knowledge and practice reduce PMS in adolescent girls? The study found a moderate positive correlation between diet practice and PMS occurrence. The abstract does not clearly explain whether better diet practices reduce symptoms or if girls with more symptoms practice more dietary approaches. Survey study, 2021 Does teaching about PMS and coping strategies increase knowledge? Yes. After a structured teaching program, 88% of adolescent girls had adequate knowledge about PMS and coping strategies, compared to only 10% before the program. Survey study, 2021 Is PMS linked to difficulty making decisions and solving problems? Yes. Women with PMS were more likely to be indecisive, impulsive, and avoid problems when faced with decisions. Cohort study, 2021 Is PMDD associated with postpartum depression in first-time mothers? Yes, strongly. Women who developed postpartum depression were much more likely to have PMDD: 81.81% of women with depression had PMDD versus 16% without depression. Survey study, 2021 Is premenstrual syndrome linked to depression in female university students? Yes. Women with PMS had 70 times higher odds of depression compared to those without PMS. This cross-sectional study cannot prove whether PMS causes depression or depression causes PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2021 Is disordered eating more common in women with PMDD? Yes. Women with PMDD had disordered eating at 45.5%, much higher than those with moderate-to-severe PMS at 16.5% or no/mild PMS at 13.6%. Eating problems increase with symptom severity. Survey study, 2021 Is binge eating linked to worse PMS? Yes. Women with binge eating symptoms had significantly more moderate to severe PMS symptoms, both physical and psychological. Survey study, 2021 Is higher body weight linked to worse PMS? Yes. There is a strong relationship between body mass index and the severity of PMS symptoms in female college students. Study, 2021 What changes happen in the brains of people with PMS? Multiple brain areas show different activity in women with PMS compared to women without it, particularly in areas that process emotions and visual information. Survey study, 2021 Do women with PMS have higher blood pressure? Yes. Women with PMS had clearly higher blood pressure before their period compared to women without PMS. Survey study, 2021 Is body weight linked to PMS? Body weight showed almost no connection to PMS in this study of 100 medical students. We cannot be sure because the study is small and limited to one college. Survey study, 2021 How do stress factors relate to PMS and PMDD in female medical students? The study measured 18 stress factors and PMS symptoms but the abstract provided does not include the results or findings. Survey study, 2021 Do diet, exercise, and stress affect menstrual cycle problems? Yes. Women with poor diet, lack of exercise, and high stress had more menstrual problems. But this study is observational so we cannot prove these factors cause the problems. Non-randomised trial, 2021 Does foot reflexology reduce PMS symptoms? Women who received reflexology foot massage had significantly less severe PMS symptoms and experienced less impact on their daily activities compared to those who received placebo massage (p=0.000). Non-randomised trial, 2021 Does pilates exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Pilates exercise appeared to reduce PMS symptoms in this study, but the evidence is weak because the study was small and women were not randomly assigned to groups. Survey study, 2021 Does taping therapy reduce period pain and PMS symptoms? Taping helped reduce period pain severity, but it did not clearly reduce other PMS symptoms or menstrual distress. The study was small with only 25 women in each group. Non-randomised trial, 2021 Does a training program help university students manage PMS symptoms better? Yes, students who completed a training program on PMS coping strategies showed more coping behaviors and higher coping scores than students who did not receive training. Survey study, 2021 What factors are related to premenstrual syndrome in high school students? Stress level, nutritional status, family history, and sleep patterns were all significantly linked to PMS. Age at first menstruation was not. This was a small observational study. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS in medical students and how severe? 19.2% of students had PMS, with 4.3% mild, 8.1% moderate, and 6.8% severe. This is a small single-college study so the numbers may not apply to all women. Survey study, 2021 What are the most common PMS symptoms in young women? Psychological symptoms were most common at 95.8%, with mood swings in 88%, acne in 85.9%, and fatigue in 65.5%. This small study of students at one university may not apply broadly. Survey study, 2021 How common are PMS and PMDD in female students with mental disability? About 7% experienced PMS symptoms and 8% experienced PMDD symptoms. Most needed help and information about menstruation. Survey study, 2021 Does regular exercise reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls? Yes, there was a relationship between regular exercise and less severe PMS. Girls with regular exercise had lower rates of moderate and severe PMS than girls with irregular exercise. Survey study, 2021 Is anxiety about PMS related to how much girls know about reproductive health? Yes. There is a relationship between girls' knowledge about reproductive health and their anxiety about premenstrual syndrome. Survey study, 2021 Do medical students with premenstrual syndrome have higher anxiety and depression? Yes. Medical students with PMS had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores than those without PMS. Survey study, 2021 Do adolescents with PMS have more childhood trauma and mental health problems? Yes. Adolescents with PMS had higher scores for childhood trauma and mental health symptoms than those without PMS, though the connection was weak. Survey study, 2021 Did COVID-19 stress make PMS worse in nursing students? During the pandemic, most nursing students had PMS, and some reported that PMS duration and severity got worse. The pandemic appeared to cause negative changes in menstruation and PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2021 How many college students know about PMS symptoms? 90% of students were aware of PMS symptoms, but 10% were not. The study was very small and did not measure knowledge deeply. Survey study, 2021 What helps women adopt preventive behaviors for PMS? Women with confidence in their ability and who understood the benefits of physical activity were more likely to adopt preventive behaviors. Confidence and physical activity were the strongest factors. Survey study, 2021 What factors are linked to irregular periods in college students? 32.6% of college women had irregular periods. Being anemic, drinking alcohol, sleeping very little, feeling stressed, iodine deficiency, and being underweight were all linked to irregular periods. Survey study, 2021 Does feeling in control help nursing students with PMS cope with school stress? Yes. Feeling in control and being satisfied with their major both fully explained how school stress affects how engaged students are with learning. Survey study, 2021 Does feeling in control improve attitude toward periods? Yes. Feeling in control was linked to more positive attitudes about menstruation. Feeling in control partially explained how premenstrual discomfort affects attitude. Survey study, 2021 Does resilience help women with PMS maintain quality of life? Yes. Resilience (the ability to bounce back) was linked to better quality of life. Resilience partially explained why premenstrual discomfort was linked to lower quality of life. Survey study, 2021 Are premenstrual symptoms linked to stress and poor quality of life in female students? Yes. Students with mixed premenstrual symptoms had high levels of stress. Those with premenstrual symptoms did poorly on physical, social, and mental health aspects of quality of life. Survey study, 2021 How common are menstrual problems in adolescent girls? Very common. 73.6% of girls had painful periods, 13.5% had moderate to severe PMS, 12.5% had irregular periods, 8.4% had heavy periods, and 6.2% had PMDD. Survey study, 2021 Are PMS and depression the same condition? No, they are separate conditions. Women fell into different groups with PMS only, depression only, both, or neither, showing they are independent. Survey study, 2021 Do women with PMDD experience more negative thoughts and emotional problems than women without PMDD? Yes. Women with PMDD had higher scores for disturbing memories, negative automatic thoughts, and emotional problems. They also had lower scores for positive emotional feelings. Survey study, 2021 Are childhood trauma and stress linked to PMDD? Yes. Sexual and psychological abuse in childhood, plus current stress, increase PMDD risk mainly through depression. Survey study, 2021 What is the prevalence of PMDD and how does it affect quality of life in female students? About 4.43% of female students had PMDD. Those with PMDD had significantly lower quality of life, especially in social relationships and at work. The evidence is clear for this group, but the study only included students in India. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS among university students and does it affect their studies? Most of the students had multiple PMS symptoms that affected their academic activities. The study did not report what percentage had PMS, so the actual prevalence is unclear. Survey study, 2021 Does premenstrual tension syndrome affect how well a woman's family functions? Yes, in this study premenstrual tension syndrome was very common among female university students, and the more severe it was, the more likely their family was to be dysfunctional. Survey study, 2021 How common are premenstrual symptoms in female medical students, and how severe are they? About 30% have premenstrual symptoms, mostly mild. Psychological symptoms like irritability are more common than physical ones. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS in Palestinian university women and what factors link to it? Nearly all women (100%) reported PMS symptoms. PMS was strongly linked to depression, anxiety, and stress, and also to dietary habits including food preferences and herbal tea. Survey study, 2021 Does resistance training reduce PMS symptoms? Women who did resistance training had fewer psychological symptoms like difficulty concentrating and lack of energy compared to those who did not exercise. Evidence is limited by the small sample size and lack of random assignment. Survey study, 2021 Are migraine headaches and PMS linked in medical students? Yes. About 80% of women with PMS had headaches, and about 81.5% had migraines. Women with PMS had a 70% higher risk of menstrual migraine than women without PMS. Survey study, 2021 Do adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of PMS? Yes, women who experienced more adverse things in childhood had significantly higher PMS symptoms. The evidence is fairly clear, but the study only included young university women and cannot prove childhood experiences cause PMS. Survey study, 2021 Does managing stress, emotions, diet, exercise and sleep help PMS in female athletes? Yes. Stress response directly affects PMS, and managing emotions well, eating well, exercising and sleeping enough are connected to lower PMS. Survey study, 2021 Do PMS symptoms affect exam scores in medical students? Some PMS symptoms affected exam scores differently. Students with acne had higher exam scores, while those with sleep problems, nausea, bloating, or skin changes had lower exam scores. This is a small study from one university. Interview study, 2021 Is personality type related to how severe PMS symptoms are? Yes, women with PMS had significantly higher anxiety and stress scores on personality tests. But the study cannot prove whether personality causes PMS, PMS causes personality changes, or if something else links them. Survey study, 2021 Does nutritional status affect PMS symptoms? Yes, there is a clear relationship between nutritional status and whether a woman experiences PMS. However, the study does not specify which nutrients matter most. Survey study, 2021 Is premenstrual syndrome linked to personality traits? More than half the students (62%) had PMS. Women with more anxious or emotionally reactive personalities, or who were less consistent in their behaviors, were more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2021 Does learning about PMS help adolescents manage it better? Yes. Adolescents with more knowledge about PMS were more likely to handle PMS symptoms better. Survey study, 2020 What do adolescent girls know and do about premenstrual syndrome? Most had average knowledge and good practices. Most learned about PMS from family rather than health professionals. Interview study, 2020 How does PMS affect women's daily lives and what helps them cope? PMS causes physical symptoms, emotional problems, and family difficulties. Women cope by trying different activities and changing their environment. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS among female university students and how does it affect their lives? Most female university students know about PMS. It commonly affects school work and social life, but most do nothing to treat it. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMDD in medical students? About 11% of the 180 medical students studied had PMDD. The most common symptoms were fatigue, irritability, and mood swings. Survey study, 2020 Does an information booklet improve girls' knowledge about PMS? The abstract does not present results on whether the booklet improved knowledge. It shows that girls' baseline knowledge did not vary by age, religion, mother's education, or other demographic factors. Study, 2020 Can teaching about lifestyle changes help adolescents understand how to prevent PMS? The abstract describes the study design but does not report whether the teaching program actually changed knowledge or attitudes about PMS prevention. Case report, 2020 Does abdominal stretching reduce PMS symptoms in teenagers? Ten teenagers with PMS who received abdominal stretching showed improvement in their symptoms across two menstrual cycles, with severity decreasing from severe to mild. However, this was a small group with no control group. Survey study, 2020 What attitudes do teenage girls have about premenstrual syndrome, and what affects them? Most girls had positive attitudes about PMS (50.3%) and good knowledge about it (74.2%). Knowledge, physical activity, anxiety levels, and health education all related to how they felt about managing PMS. Survey study, 2020 Is there a link between how much adolescents know about reproduction and their attitudes toward PMS? Yes, a clear relationship was found between reproductive knowledge and attitudes toward PMS. Girls with more education about reproduction had different views on PMS than those who knew less. Survey study, 2020 What PMS symptoms do female students have and how severe are they? Almost all female students had at least one PMS symptom. Most experienced physical symptoms more than psychological ones and used sleep and rest to manage symptoms. Survey study, 2020 How do diet and lifestyle factors relate to PMS and PMDD in medical students? Alcohol and tobacco use were linked to PMDD. Diet type was not linked to PMS or PMDD. Anger and irritability were the most common symptoms. Survey study, 2020 Does appetite and food cravings change during the menstrual cycle? Yes. 70.4% of women reported increased appetite during their menstrual cycle, peaking at 85.8% before menstruation. Cravings for sweets were linked to depression, anger, and sleepiness. Survey study, 2020 Does a history of childhood trauma make premenstrual symptoms worse? Yes, women who reported more childhood trauma also reported more severe premenstrual symptoms, and this link seemed to be fully explained by difficulties managing emotions. Survey study, 2020 Do smartphones affect menstrual symptoms in young women? Women who started using smartphones regularly reported more fatigue and headaches during menstruation, and more irritability and depression before their period. The study was observational so it cannot prove smartphones caused these changes. Survey study, 2020 Are depression, fatigue, and low body esteem linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. All three factors were significantly linked to premenstrual symptoms. Depression, menstrual cycle irregularity, menstrual pain, and low body esteem together explained 41% of variation in symptoms. Survey study, 2020 Can teaching about yoga techniques improve girls' knowledge about managing PMS? Yes. After the teaching program, girls' knowledge about using yoga for PMS increased significantly, with post-test scores more than double the pre-test scores. Survey study, 2020 Do past trauma and emotions predict PMS severity? Yes. How women cope emotionally, particularly catastrophizing (assuming the worst), predicted about one-third of PMS severity. Past trauma involving life threat also predicted about one-third of PMS severity. Survey study, 2020 Does heart rate change depending on which phase of your menstrual cycle you're in? Yes, resting heart rate increases during the phase after ovulation compared to the phase before it. The study was small and included only healthy young women without PMS, so we don't know if this affects women with PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2020 Does diet affect PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Girls who ate more carbohydrates had fewer PMS symptoms. Body fat percentage was not linked to PMS symptoms. The study was observational, so higher carbohydrate intake may not directly cause fewer PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS among teenage girls in Nepal, and what do they know about it? Most teenage girls in Nepal do not know much about PMS. About 6 out of 10 experience PMS, with about 7 out of 10 reporting fatigue before their period. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMDD among female health science students in Ethiopia, and what is linked to it? About 1 in 3 students in this study had PMDD. It was more common among those with severe period pain, with high stress, and those who felt their period pain hurt their studies. Survey study, 2020 How common is premenstrual syndrome in Korean young adult women? Between 22 and 42 percent of Korean nursing students had PMS, depending on whether they reported from memory or tracked symptoms in real-time. Survey study, 2020 Do women with IBS and period problems have worse psychological symptoms? Yes. Women with IBS alongside period pain and PMS show more depression, sleep problems, and worse quality of life than those without IBS. Survey study, 2020 Do oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Women taking oral contraceptive pills had about 21 percent higher risk of premenstrual symptoms than non-users, and this effect was stronger in women age 25 and older, where the risk increased by 32 percent. Survey study, 2020 Do negative attitudes about menstruation and suggestibility predict worse PMS pain and distress? Yes. Women with more negative attitudes about menstruation and higher suggestibility had significantly greater pain intensity and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS in high school girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and what factors are linked to it? PMS affects 37% of high school girls. Smoking exposure and having a family history of painful periods were linked to having PMS. Survey study, 2020 Do girls with type 1 diabetes experience different PMS than other girls? No clear difference. Most girls with type 1 diabetes (71.4%) experience no to mild PMS symptoms, regardless of how well their diabetes is controlled. Survey study, 2020 How common are premenstrual symptoms in secondary school students? Very common: 82.5% had mood swings or nervousness and 80.1% had fatigue. Educational level and age were associated with symptom severity. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMDD among secondary school students in Ethiopia? 76.9% of students reported PMDD symptoms. But only 7.4% had experienced symptoms for three or more consecutive cycles, which is needed for an actual diagnosis. 13.1% had a family history of these symptoms. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS in female college students and does it affect their quality of life? PMS was found in 60.8% of nursing students. All areas of quality of life were significantly affected in those with PMS. Survey study, 2020 How common is PMS and what medications do women use for it? PMS affected 73.6% of the women studied. Most used over-the-counter painkillers, with 70.2% self-medicating. Survey study, 2020 Are stress and physical activity linked to PMS? Yes. Both stress and physical activity were related to PMS in this group. More stress and less activity were linked to more symptoms. Survey study, 2020 Does stress, calcium, or diet affect PMS? Stress was related to PMS, but calcium intake and nutrition were not in this study of nutrition students, though the sample size is not reported. Survey study, 2020 Does the hormone estradiol cause PMS? No. This study found estradiol levels were similar in women with and without PMS, suggesting other factors like lifestyle, diet, or genetics are responsible. This is low certainty because the sample was small. Randomised trial, 2020 Can learning coping strategies reduce anxiety in girls with PMS? In this small study, a 10-session coping skills training program lowered anxiety scores in girls with PMS more than in a comparison group, but the study was small so this is not strong proof. Survey study, 2020 Does penguin exercise reduce anxiety in girls with premenstrual syndrome? Girls who did penguin exercise showed a clear difference in anxiety levels, while girls in the control group showed no change. This suggests penguin exercise may help reduce anxiety during PMS. Non-randomised trial, 2020 Do aerobic exercise and Vitex extract reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Both 8 weeks of aerobic exercise and Vitex extract significantly reduced psychological and physical PMS symptoms compared to control group, with the combination being most effective. Survey study, 2020 How common are PMS and period pain in college women, and do they affect school work? Both are very common. Over half of women with these conditions had worse school performance, but very few sought medical help. Survey study, 2020 Do personality traits affect premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Two personality traits showed a relationship with PMS: honesty-humility and openness to experience. Honesty-humility and agreeableness could help predict PMS. Survey study, 2020 Does diet and carbohydrate intake affect PMS symptoms? Yes, girls with poor diet and low carbohydrate intake had more PMS symptoms in this study. But this does not prove diet causes PMS. Case-control study, 2020 Is stress level related to how severe PMS symptoms are? Yes. There is a clear positive relationship between stress level and PMS severity: the higher the stress, the more severe the PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2020 Can teaching about PMS management improve girls' knowledge? Yes. Before teaching, all girls had below-average knowledge about managing PMS. After the teaching program, most girls had average or good knowledge. Survey study, 2019 Are PMS symptoms linked to how women feel about their health and stress? Yes. Women who reported feeling unhealthy or stressed had much more severe PMS symptoms. How a woman perceives her own health was the strongest factor linked to PMS symptom severity. Survey study, 2019 Can teaching about lifestyle changes help girls understand how to prevent PMS? Yes. Before teaching, 78% of girls had poor knowledge about PMS prevention. After the teaching program, 38% had good knowledge and 60% had average knowledge. Survey study, 2019 Does teaching about PMS improve nursing students' knowledge? Yes. The teaching program increased students' knowledge about PMS and its management. However, this study measured knowledge gain only, not whether teaching helped improve actual PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2019 Are teen girls with depression or PMS/PMDD more likely to act aggressively? Yes. Girls with a depressive mood or a PMS/PMDD diagnosis showed more aggression than other girls, but this snapshot-style study cannot prove that depression or PMS/PMDD causes the aggression. Survey study, 2019 Is PMS more common in later years of medical school? PMS was found in 39% of female medical students, and it became more common as students progressed through their studies, with final-year students having the highest rates. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMS in young women and what coping methods do they use? PMS was very common: 96% of 84 paramedical students reported it. The most common symptoms were acne (56%) and anger/irritability (60%). Most used simple remedies like drinking hot or cold beverages (46%), which may not be effective. Randomised trial, 2019 Does taking chromium help with mood symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle? In this very small early study, chromium supplementation was linked to reduced mood symptoms in most of the women taking part, but with only a handful of participants this cannot be seen as strong proof. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMDD among nursing students in Nigeria? PMDD affected 42.2% of 135 nursing students. The most common symptoms were difficulty concentrating (57.0%), reduced interest in school (54.9%), breast tenderness (54.5%), and excessive sleep (47.8%). Only 9.6% used appropriate self-management strategies. Survey study, 2019 What are the best ways to manage PMS? PMS is managed in four steps: create awareness and make lifestyle changes, then offer therapy and complementary treatments, then medication if needed, and rarely surgery. This summarizes international guidelines but doesn't show strong evidence about which approach works best. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does an education program help nursing students with PMS improve knowledge and reduce symptoms? Yes. The education program clearly increased knowledge and reduced PMS symptoms. Students also lost weight, dropping from an average of 77.4 kg to 68.89 kg. Survey study, 2019 What factors affect PMS severity in teenage girls? Sleep patterns, stress, attitudes about menstruation, and limiting exposure to chemicals all affected PMS severity. Together these factors explained 37% of the differences in PMS severity. Survey study, 2019 Do birth control pills reduce psychological symptoms of PMS? Yes. Women who had used birth control pills reported significantly lower rates of depression (P=0.039), sadness (P=0.012), and anger (P=0.032) related to PMS, but we cannot be certain the pills caused this because the study did not randomly assign women to use them. Survey study, 2019 Is negative mood during the menstrual cycle linked to what women eat? Yes. Women with higher negative mood during menstruation drank more tea, black coffee, and carbonated drinks. Women with higher negative mood before their period ate more bananas and red Chinese dates. Non-randomised trial, 2019 Does eating avocado reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. PMS symptom scores dropped significantly when first-year students ate avocado, from an average of 18.20 to 14.13. Survey study, 2019 Does vitamin B complex reduce PMS symptoms? In this study, vitamin B complex reduced PMS symptoms significantly. Without a control group for comparison, we cannot be certain the vitamin caused the improvement. Survey study, 2019 What are the evidence-based treatments for premenstrual disorders? Four main treatment approaches exist: antidepressants, hormone therapy, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies. The summary did not specify how well each treatment works. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMDD in female health science students and what factors cause it? 66.9% had PMDD. The severity of period pain was the main associated factor: those with severe pain were much more likely to have PMDD than those with mild pain. Survey study, 2019 Who is most likely to have PMS among school students? Most school students (81.3%) reported PMS. Older age and heavy non-academic duties increased the likelihood, while longer menstrual cycles decreased it. Survey study, 2019 Does stress from studying medicine make PMS worse? Medical students had higher PMS scores than non-medical students (93.791 vs 88.473), suggesting stress may worsen PMS. Both groups scored above the PMS threshold. Without a control group, we cannot be certain stress is the cause. Survey study, 2019 Does how much exercise a university student does affect whether she gets PMS? No. Over 6 in 10 students had PMS, but their activity level and whether they exercised regularly made no measurable difference to their PMS. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMS in university students, and what increases the risk? Just over half of university students (52.1%) experienced PMS. Fast food consumption, high salt intake, low income, and anemia all significantly increased PMS risk. However, common coping methods did not efficiently help with all symptoms. Cohort study, 2019 How common is PMS in female students, and how does it affect their daily activities? PMS is very common: 72.3% reported at least one moderate to severe symptom, 17.2% had moderate to severe PMS, and 2.1% had PMDD. PMS was linked to heavier periods, worse period pain, and less physical activity. Survey study, 2019 Does PMS affect medicine students and literature students differently? Yes. Literature students experienced more PMS and more severe symptoms than medicine students, and PMS had a bigger impact on their daily life and academic work. Survey study, 2019 Is premenstrual syndrome a risk factor for sexual dysfunction? No. This study of 282 women found no significant relationship between PMS and sexual dysfunction. Age and urinary problems increased sexual dysfunction risk instead. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMS in female university students, and does it affect mental well-being? PMS was very common in this group of students, and worse PMS symptoms were linked to lower psychological well-being, though PMS only explained a small part of that well-being. Survey study, 2019 How common is premenstrual syndrome in female university students and how much does it affect them? About 1 in 5 female students (18%) had PMS. Among those with PMS, 75% had stopped studying, showing how severe it can be. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMS among college students and does it affect their quality of life? PMS affects 62.7% of college students studied and reduces quality of life across physical, mental, social, and environmental domains. Survey study, 2019 How common are PMS and PMDD in college girls? About 14.3% of college girls in this study had moderate to severe PMS and 3.7% had PMDD. We cannot be very confident these figures apply elsewhere because this is a cross-sectional survey from one city. Survey study, 2019 Does PMS make quality of life worse around your period compared to painful periods alone? Yes. Women with painful periods had lower quality of life around menstruation whether or not they also had PMS, but those with PMS scored a bit lower during that time. Survey study, 2019 Does PMS affect quality of life in university students? Yes. Both mild PMS and PMDD significantly reduce quality of life compared to no PMS across physical, mental, social, and environmental domains. Survey study, 2019 Does regular physical activity or high soy intake reduce PMS symptoms? Most students had light physical activity and mild PMS symptoms, but the study does not clearly show whether physical activity or soy intake reduced symptoms. The authors note that the relationship remains unclear. Cohort study, 2019 Is there a link between menstrual symptoms and anxiety, depression, and stress in teenage girls? Yes. There was a strong correlation between menstrual distress and depression, anxiety, and stress, with distress significantly higher before, during, and after menstruation (p=0.000). Survey study, 2019 How common is premenstrual syndrome among medical students? About 3 out of 4 medical students in this study had PMS. Mood swings and anxiety were most common. Survey study, 2019 How common is PMS in female operating room technologists? The study aimed to find how common PMS is in female operating room technologists and what factors influence it, but the results are not provided in this abstract. Survey study, 2019 Does the age when a girl starts her period relate to PMS and body measurements? Yes. Age at menarche was linked to weight, height, and PMS severity. This suggests physical health and nutrition may influence PMS. Randomised trial, 2019 Does vitamin D supplementation improve inflammation markers and PMS? Yes. Vitamin D supplementation improved inflammation markers and total PMS symptom scores in vitamin D-deficient women. Survey study, 2018 Do healthier daily habits mean fewer PMS symptoms in college students? Yes, somewhat: female college students with healthier daily habits (like diet, exercise, and personal growth) tended to have milder PMS, but the link was weak. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does teaching adolescent girls about PMS improve their knowledge? Yes. After teaching, 64% had excellent knowledge and 36% had good knowledge, compared to 0% before. However, without a control group, we cannot confirm the teaching caused this improvement. Survey study, 2018 How common are PMS and PMDD among medical students in South India? Of 635 medical students surveyed, 177 had PMS and 88 had PMDD. The most common symptoms were anger or irritability, feeling tearful or overly sensitive, and fatigue or lack of energy. Survey study, 2018 Do physical activity and soy consumption help reduce PMS symptoms in teenage girls? Yes, the study found significant associations between higher soy consumption and regular physical activity with lower PMS symptoms. Because this is a cross-sectional study, we cannot be certain that activity and soy cause the improvement. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMS among female university students in Nigeria? Very common. In this study, 42.9% of students met the criteria for PMS, and almost half of those (47.6%) had severe PMS or PMDD. Survey study, 2018 What signs of premenstrual tension syndrome do female college students experience? Most female college students experience signs of premenstrual tension syndrome, and they typically manage these symptoms at home without seeing a doctor. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does eating food with isoflavones reduce premenstrual syndrome? In this small study, eating food with 68mg of isoflavones per day reduced PMS complaints. However, there was no control group, so we cannot be sure the food alone caused the improvement. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does counseling reduce PMS in teenage girls? Counseling and natural techniques reduced PMS complaints in teenage girls. However, the evidence is weak because the study was very small and had no control group. Survey study, 2018 Does drinking caffeine worsen PMS symptoms? Yes. Students with moderate and severe PMS showed highly statistically significant decrease in caffeine consumption, with reduction in caffeine linked to improvement in PMS severity and duration. Survey study, 2018 What lifestyle and body factors are linked to PMS? Eating fried foods, sweet drinks, and fast food are linked to more PMS, while eating fruit and regular exercise are linked to less. Family history of PMS and larger hip measurements are also linked to more PMS. Survey study, 2018 Does knowing about PMS affect how teenagers manage it? Most midwifery students (85%) had low knowledge about PMS, and about 53% had adequate attitudes toward managing it. The study found a relationship between knowledge and attitudes about PMS. Survey study, 2018 Does a girl's weight and magnesium intake affect whether she gets PMS? Yes. Girls who were overweight and girls who did not eat enough magnesium were more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2018 Is stress linked to PMS? No, this study found no significant connection between stress levels and PMS symptoms. However, the result was based on a single small group, so other studies may find different results. Survey study, 2018 What affects quality of life in nursing students with premenstrual syndrome? Premenstrual syndrome is the strongest factor affecting quality of life in nursing students, though being younger and eating bland food also matter. These three factors explain 17.6% of why quality of life varies, so other things are important too. Survey study, 2018 Does job-seeking stress make period symptoms worse, and does how you cope matter? Job-seeking stress is linked to worse period symptoms in college students with non-health majors, but only when they use passive coping styles like avoidance. Students who actively manage stress do not experience this effect. Study, 2018 Does physical activity reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? No. In this study of university women, physical activity showed no clear connection to having PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2018 How does PMS affect self-esteem in girls? Girls with PMS showed lower self-esteem compared to expected levels. The link may be because PMS mood changes lead girls to feel worse about themselves. Survey study, 2018 Does plant protein in the diet help prevent PMS from affecting athletic performance? Possibly. Athletes whose PMS affects performance ate a lower proportion of plant protein compared to animal protein, though total protein intake was the same. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Can strengthening core and leg muscles reduce PMS symptoms? In this small study of midwifery students, a muscle strengthening program was linked to less premenstrual syndrome, but the study design is weak so this is not strong proof. Non-randomised trial, 2018 Does teaching teenagers about PMS with booklets or leaflets increase their knowledge? Yes, both methods significantly increased knowledge (p=0.001 for each), with booklet education more effective than leaflets (p=0.002). Survey study, 2018 Which lifestyle factors are linked to premenstrual symptoms? Coffee consumption was linked to worse premenstrual symptoms, and people with symptoms were more likely to be physically inactive. Reducing coffee and increasing physical activity might help reduce symptoms. Survey study, 2018 Is a girl's temperament linked to how much premenstrual symptoms bother her? Girls with irritable, mood-varying, or sad-leaning personality types had more premenstrual symptoms. This suggests that personality type may influence how much premenstrual symptoms affect a girl. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMS in young women and how much does it affect their lives? PMS affected 47 percent of young medical students and significantly disrupted their academic performance, daily activities, and sleep. Breast tenderness and irritability were the most common symptoms. Survey study, 2018 How common are PMS and PMDD in medical and nursing students? About 61-64% of medical and nursing students had PMS, while about 39% had PMDD. These numbers reliably describe what researchers found in this student group. Survey study, 2018 How common is severe PMS in female students and does it affect quality of life? 38.8% of students had severe PMS. PMS was clearly linked to quality of life, with students experiencing more PMS symptoms reporting lower quality of life. Survey study, 2018 How aware are female students about PMS and PMDD, and do they seek treatment? Most female students (96.4%) knew about PMS but only 19% knew about PMDD, and nearly half did not take treatment for their symptoms. These numbers reliably describe this student group. Survey study, 2018 Is PMS linked to attitudes about traditional gender roles? Yes. Women with more traditional attitudes about gender roles had more PMS symptoms, especially depression and swelling. But this is correlation only, so we can't prove gender attitudes cause PMS. Survey study, 2018 How common are PMS and PMDD in female university students, and do they affect academic performance? PMS was very common at 92.3% and PMDD was 7.7%. PMDD symptoms negatively affected academic performance. But the study doesn't measure how much the impact is. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMDD in women with psychiatric disorders? PMDD was far more common in women with psychiatric conditions than controls, especially among those with depression. The findings suggest PMDD is closely related to mental health conditions, particularly depression and bipolar disorder. Survey study, 2018 How common is PMS and does blood pressure change during the menstrual cycle? PMS is very common: 89% of these university students experienced at least one PMS symptom per cycle. Blood pressure was significantly higher during the luteal phase than the follicular phase. Survey study, 2018 How common are PMS and PMDD among medical students and do they affect school and social life? PMS was common (65%) and PMDD less common (12%), and while most attended classes, about a third avoided social activities. This finding is from one medical college in India. Survey study, 2018 What is the prevalence of PMDD and severity of PMS among female college students in India? About 4% of female college students had PMDD, and nearly a quarter experienced severe mood swings. Healthcare students had higher rates of moderate to severe symptoms than non-healthcare students. Survey study, 2018 Is mindfulness related to premenstrual symptoms? Mindfulness was significantly related to behavioral symptoms, but not to overall PMS severity or other symptom categories. So mindfulness may help with some behavioral changes but not all PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2018 Are certain personality types more likely to have PMS? Yes. Women with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, lower conscientiousness, and more negative mood were more likely to have PMS. But we can't prove personality causes PMS. Survey study, 2018 Are premenstrual symptoms related to difficulty identifying emotions? Yes, women with more premenstrual and menstrual symptoms are more likely to have difficulty identifying and describing their emotions. The relationship between the two is clear. Survey study, 2018 How aware are college women of PMS and related menstrual conditions? Most women experience menstrual symptoms but lack knowledge about them. Over 60% did not know about PMS, severe PMS (PMDD), or dysmenorrhea. Survey study, 2018 Does stress affect premenstrual syndrome? Higher stress levels were linked to premenstrual syndrome in this small study. The findings suggest managing stress might help prevent or reduce symptoms, though larger studies are needed. Survey study, 2018 Does premenstrual syndrome increase stress in nursing students? Yes. Women nursing students with PMS had significantly higher stress levels than those without PMS. Survey study, 2018 What types of PMS do midwifery students experience? Most midwifery students have multiple types of PMS at the same time. A combination of anxiety, water retention, cravings, and depression was the most common, affecting 76 of the 152 students studied. Interview study, 2018 What are young women's experiences and feelings about menstruation? Eight Iranian university students described menstruation as shameful, secret, and often painful. Many felt frightened and unprepared when menstruation started because they did not receive enough information from family or school. Survey study, 2017 What knowledge do nursing students have about premenstrual syndrome and its management? The abstract provided does not include results from this study, so findings cannot be reported. Interview study, 2017 How common and severe are premenstrual symptoms in young medical and nursing students? Premenstrual symptoms were extremely common, affecting 97.10% of students, and 76.83% met the criteria for PMS, but for most of them the symptoms were mild. Survey study, 2017 How common are PMS and PMDD among Japanese medical students? Of 147 Japanese medical students, 37 (25.2%) had PMS and 13 (8.8%) had PMDD. More sixth-year students received treatment than third-year students. Survey study, 2017 What factors predict how well women cope with premenstrual symptoms? Physical factors like menstrual pain are the strongest predictor of premenstrual symptoms, which then affects coping ability. Psychological factors like stress also directly affect how well women cope. Survey study, 2017 What do adolescent girls know about how PMS affects emotions and mood? Many adolescent girls had limited knowledge about how PMS affects emotions. An informational booklet significantly improved their knowledge about PMS and its psychological effects. Non-randomised trial, 2017 Does guided imagery reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, guided imagery significantly reduced PMS symptoms with a 21.4% improvement. However, without a control group, we cannot be certain the improvement was due to the imagery. Survey study, 2017 How many adolescent girls have PMS and how severe is it? Most adolescent girls have some PMS: more than half (55%) have moderate symptoms and 19% have severe symptoms. Survey study, 2017 How common are PMS symptoms in university students and do they disrupt daily life? PMS is very common, with more than three-quarters of students experiencing some symptoms, and many had symptoms severe enough to interrupt their daily activities. Survey study, 2017 How do lifestyles differ between women with and without PMS? Women with PMS had worse diets, higher stress, and more secondhand smoke exposure compared to women without PMS, all statistically significant. But we cannot prove these factors cause PMS. Survey study, 2017 Does cognitive-behavioral therapy or cognitive hypnosis help reduce depression in students with PMS? Both therapies reduced depression in students with PMS. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive hypnosis worked about equally well. Non-randomised trial, 2017 Does self-foot reflexology help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, self-foot reflexology significantly reduced pain, concentration problems, mood changes, and other PMS symptoms. Improvements continued after treatment ended. Cohort study, 2017 Is acceptance therapy (ACT) more effective than other treatments for PMS? Yes, for stress. ACT reduced emotional PMS symptoms and perceived stress more than cognitive behavioral therapy or no treatment, with stress improvements lasting at follow-up. Randomised trial, 2017 Do kinesio taping and hot packs reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, kinesio taping alone and combined with hot packs both reduced PMS symptoms in women in their 20s. Survey study, 2017 What factors make PMS symptoms worse in college-aged women? Older age, low family income, being unmarried, and family history of PMS or painful periods are all linked to more severe PMS. Survey study, 2017 Does malaria infection worsen PMS symptoms? This was the first study to examine whether malaria parasites affect PMS. It found that students with PMS and malaria parasites had lower red blood cell levels, but it cannot prove parasites cause worse PMS. Survey study, 2017 What makes PMS worse in nursing students? Higher stress and more painful periods were linked to worse premenstrual syndrome, and together these explained about a fifth of the difference between students. Survey study, 2017 Does physical activity reduce PMS symptoms? Physical activity did not reduce how often women had PMS. However, it did reduce the severity of anxiety, anger, migraines, and abdominal bloating. The study cannot prove activity caused this because it was cross-sectional. Survey study, 2017 Are PMS symptoms linked to mood disorders and personality? This study found significant relationships between PMS symptoms and lifelong mania or hypomania symptoms, and between PMS and personality traits. Because it was cross-sectional, we cannot know if hormonal changes in PMS cause mood and personality changes. Randomised trial, 2017 Does having PMS or PMDD affect how well university students do academically? No. Academic performance did not differ between students with different levels of PMS or PMDD. However, the length of the menstrual cycle was significantly associated with academic performance. Survey study, 2017 How common is migraine in women with PMS? About 1 in 7 medical students with PMS also had migraines. Most migraines occurred without visual symptoms and happened about 4 times per month. Results may not apply to all women since this studied only medical students. Survey study, 2017 How common are PMS and painful periods in female medical students and do they affect daily life? About 7 in 10 have painful periods and about 8 in 10 have premenstrual symptoms. Over half reported disruption to daily life, studying, and social activities. Survey study, 2017 How does PMS affect work performance in female university teachers? Women with PMS report worse job performance and reduced work capacity than women without PMS. Based on this one university study. Survey study, 2017 Are dietary and lifestyle habits like alcohol consumption linked to PMS in college students? The study examined alcohol consumption in college students and found females drink much less than males. The connection to PMS specifically is not clearly described. Survey study, 2017 How common is premenstrual syndrome in teenage girls and what methods do they use to cope? More than half of teenage girls had at least mild PMS symptoms, and most did not use any coping strategy. The study was only one month in one school in Ethiopia, so findings may differ elsewhere. Survey study, 2017 How common is PMS in university students and is it related to depression? More than half of university students had PMS (58.1%), and there was a strong link between PMS and depression risk. Women with depression were more likely to have PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2017 How is a woman's attitude about menstruation related to her PMS? A woman's attitudes about menstruation are linked to how much PMS distress she experiences and how well she copes. A more positive attitude appears to help with managing PMS. Survey study, 2017 Do women with moderate PMS have more depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep problems than those with mild PMS? Yes. Women with moderate PMS had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and significantly worse sleep quality compared to those with mild PMS. Survey study, 2017 Does the menstrual cycle affect heart rate variability independent of diet, activity, and sleep? Heart rate does change across the menstrual cycle, but this change appears to be driven by differences in diet, activity, and sleep rather than by the cycle itself. Survey study, 2017 Is premenstrual syndrome linked to anxiety, digestive problems, and food choices? Women with PMS were more likely to have anxiety and digestive problems like IBS and constipation, and to eat more meat and fast food but less carbohydrates. However, this study only shows associations, so we cannot know whether these factors cause PMS or result from it. Survey study, 2017 Is PMS linked to personality temperament types? No clear link was found between PMS and different temperament types in this study. Although some temperament types seemed to have more PMS, the overall pattern was not significant. Survey study, 2016 What are the most common PMS symptoms and how much pain do women experience? Mood swings are the most common emotional symptom (35%) and belly pain the most common physical symptom (38%). Most women report mild pain. Case-control study, 2016 Is low zinc or low antioxidant levels connected to PMS? Yes. Women with PMS had lower zinc and antioxidant levels in their blood than healthy women, and these levels were linked to how severe their symptoms were. Randomised trial, 2016 Does Gung massage reduce PMS symptoms better than other treatments? Gung massage reduced more PMS symptoms than heat or regular massage. All treatments reduced pain, but Gung massage had the largest improvements in pain, emotions, water retention, and body temperature after 8 weeks. Non-randomised trial, 2016 Does group cognitive-behavioral therapy help reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, women who attended 8 sessions of therapy had significant improvements in psychological symptoms and less social problems from PMS (p=0.012). Non-randomised trial, 2016 Does progressive muscle relaxation reduce PMS symptoms? Progressive muscle relaxation appeared to reduce PMS symptoms in this small study, but without a comparison group the effect cannot be proven. Survey study, 2016 Does teaching women about PMS help reduce their symptoms? Yes, in this study. Women who received an educational program showed increased knowledge about PMS and reduced symptom severity both immediately after and at three-month follow-up. However, the study lacked a comparison group, so natural improvement cannot be ruled out. Non-randomised trial, 2016 Can a tape-based 'balance taping' therapy ease period pain and PMS symptoms? Among 51 female university students, those who received balance taping therapy had significantly less period pain and milder PMS than those who did not, but the study was small and did not randomly assign who got the treatment. Survey study, 2016 Do women with PMDD have more difficulty regulating their emotions? Yes. Women with PMDD and PMS had significantly more difficulty with emotional regulation compared to controls, especially those with psychological symptoms. Survey study, 2016 Does eating fish help reduce PMS or PMDD symptoms in female athletes? Fish or dried fish consumption was associated with lower risk of poor athletic performance caused by PMS or PMDD in female athletes. The overall prevalence of PMS and PMDD was similar in athletes and nonathletes. Survey study, 2016 Is self-control linked to how severe PMS symptoms are? Yes. Women with lower self-control reported more severe PMS symptoms. The study found a clear link between the two. Survey study, 2016 Is there a link between body weight and having PMS? Yes. Women who are overweight are much more likely to have PMS than women at healthy weight. The link is very strong in this study. Survey study, 2016 Does PMS cause insomnia or sleep problems? No clear link. This small study of 58 medical students found no significant association between PMS and insomnia, though some women with PMS did report sleep problems. Survey study, 2016 How common is PMS among university medical students? PMS was common, affecting 89 out of 200 medical students. Severity varied by field of study, with medicine students more likely to have moderate to severe PMS and nursing students more likely to have mild PMS. Survey study, 2016 How common are menstrual problems and PMS among teenage girls in rural areas? More than 6 in 10 girls had PMS symptoms, with abdominal pain, cramping and back pain being most common. Dysmenorrhoea was the most common menstrual problem overall. Survey study, 2016 Does PMS affect female medical students' learning activities? Among 125 medical students, 96.42% experienced PMS. Most students with PMS (57%) reported disrupted learning activities, but the study found no statistical link between PMS and learning performance. Survey study, 2016 Does study pressure affect depression during the premenstrual phase? The study found no clear difference in depression levels during the premenstrual phase between medical students (high study pressure) and economics students (lower study pressure). Survey study, 2016 What lifestyle factors affect PMS and life quality in students? Among Turkish health science students, 84.5% had PMS. Those with irregular periods, family history, poor diet, and high caffeine or alcohol use had worse PMS and lower quality of life. However, this is observational and cannot prove these factors cause PMS. Survey study, 2016 How common is PMS in Pakistani university students and what are the main symptoms? PMS is common, affecting 60% of the 520 students studied. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (86.84%), irritability (71.05%), and breast tenderness (67.65%). Survey study, 2016 How common is PMS among working women in Bangkok and how much does it affect their lives? About 11.4% of working women in Bangkok have moderate to severe PMS. Younger women are more likely to experience PMS than older women. Survey study, 2016 How common is PMDD among female medical students? The study results are not included in the abstract, so we cannot report the prevalence they found. Interview study, 2016 How common are PMS and PMDD among college students in India? PMS was found in 18.4% of college students and PMDD in 3.7%. A simple screening questionnaire was 90.9% effective at identifying women with PMS. Survey study, 2016 Which factors predict how severe a woman's PMS will be? Family history of PMS, mother's education level, type of college, and menstrual cycle length all predicted PMS severity. Weight and menstrual flow duration did not. Survey study, 2016 Does PMDD cause sleep problems? Yes. Women with PMDD have significantly worse sleep quality than those without, with 80.5% reporting poor sleep compared to 56.4% without PMDD. Survey study, 2016 Can a computer program help diagnose PMDD reliably? Researchers developed C-PASS, a computer system to help diagnose PMDD from daily symptom tracking. The abstract was incomplete and did not include results of how well it works. Survey study, 2016 Does stress increase premenstrual syndrome in college students? Yes. Female college students who experienced stress were more likely to have premenstrual syndrome than those without stress. 34.9 percent had stress and 32.8 percent had PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2016 Does PMS increase the risk of stress fractures in teenage athletes? Among teenage athletes, 8.9% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Those with strong physical premenstrual symptoms had 1.66 times higher risk of stress fractures, suggesting PMS symptoms may increase injury risk. Non-randomised trial, 2016 Does cinnamon reduce physical PMS symptoms? Yes. Students taking cinnamon regularly reported significantly less severe physical symptoms, and most were satisfied with the results. Survey study, 2016 How common is PMS in female health science students and how does it affect their academic and social life? PMS affected 17.5% of students. Among those with PMS, 78.6% had concentration problems, 90.5% stopped studying, and most had poor social interactions. Survey study, 2016 Is depression linked to PMS in college women? Yes. Women with higher depression levels tend to have more severe PMS. This is observational, so depression may not cause the PMS. Survey study, 2016 Is the severity of PMS that women perceive related to their knowledge and actual recorded symptoms? Women with more knowledge about PMS perceived severity differently, but their perceived severity did not match what they actually recorded in a daily diary. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in teenage school girls in an urban city in India? 54% of the teenage girls reported PMS symptoms, with irritability being the most common symptom (88.1%). Because this is a survey, it reflects what girls reported rather than clinical diagnosis. Survey study, 2015 Are menstrual problems linked to mental health issues? Yes. Girls with menstrual problems were clearly more likely to have stress and anxiety. Survey study, 2015 Is borderline personality disorder more common in women with PMS? Yes, women with PMS had significantly more borderline personality disorder traits than those without PMS (p=0.001), and this relationship was stronger with more severe PMS. Survey study, 2015 Do women with depression show signs of more cellular stress in their bodies? Yes. Women with depressive symptoms had a higher level of a cellular stress marker than women without depressive symptoms, consistent across all menstrual cycle phases. Cohort study, 2015 Can a procedure to treat heavy periods also ease premenstrual symptoms like bloating and mood swings? In this small study, women reported clear improvement in all 6 premenstrual symptoms up to a year after endometrial ablation, but without a comparison group we can't be fully certain the procedure itself was the cause. Survey study, 2015 What are the most common PMS symptoms in adolescent girls? Among 54 adolescent girls with PMS, mood changes and acne were the most common symptoms. All 54 girls reported psychological symptoms like mood swings. Survey study, 2015 Does having more knowledge about PMS affect whether women get PMS symptoms? No. The study found no significant relationship between knowledge level about PMS and whether women actually experienced symptoms. Survey study, 2015 Does regular running reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who ran regularly 3 times a week for 20-45 minutes had much fewer PMS symptoms than women who didn't exercise, including less pain, fewer mood changes, and less bloating. Survey study, 2015 Do young women recognize how PMS affects work performance? Most students (79.4%) ignored PMS when rating employee performance, while 6.9% considered it. Students who perceived daily function problems from PMS were significantly more likely to consider it in evaluations. This shows many lack awareness. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMDD in Indian medical students and what lifestyle factors affect it? PMDD was found in 37% of medical students and was linked to poor sleep, low physical activity, and high caffeine intake. Survey study, 2015 What are the most common premenstrual symptoms among health students in Nigeria? About 40.7% had PMS with 57.3% experiencing severe symptoms. Most common were belly pain (70.6%), tiredness (61.0%), and tender breasts (57.1%). Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS among teenage girls in rural India? Very common: about 6 in 10 girls in this rural school reported PMS, with irritability, anxiety and anger as the most frequent symptoms. Survey study, 2015 How common are PMS and PMDD in college athletes and do they affect athletic performance? About 8.6% of Japanese college athletes have moderate to severe PMS and 2.9% have PMDD. Nearly half of athletes (44.3%) said their athletic performance suffered during their cycle. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in medical students and does it affect quality of life? About 39.4% of female medical students had PMS. Women with PMS reported significantly lower quality of life scores in mental health and environmental health compared to those without PMS. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in Turkish medical students and does it affect quality of life? PMS is very common in Turkish medical students (91.8%), and those with severe PMS have the lowest quality of life scores. Survey study, 2015 Is physical fitness related to premenstrual symptoms? Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was strongly linked to lower PMS symptoms, while higher body weight was linked to higher symptoms. Fitness was the strongest predictor of both physical and psychological PMS symptoms. Study, 2015 What self-care measures do female nursing students use for PMS? Most nursing students have PMS symptoms. 87.1% experienced premenstrual symptoms, but very few used recommended dietary changes like reducing fat, salt, spices, or caffeine. Survey study, 2015 What is the frequency and severity of PMS in college girls aged 18-25? The study found that 55% of college girls had PMS, with 48% experiencing mild symptoms, 27% moderate, and 25% severe. Confidence is limited because this was done at one college in India. Survey study, 2015 Does sweet taste preference change with depression during the menstrual cycle? In women during their luteal phase, those with higher depression symptoms needed more sugar to taste sweetness. This connection happened only in the luteal phase, not at other times. Case-control study, 2015 Are vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium linked to PMS? Lower calcium and magnesium levels were linked to having PMS. Vitamin D was also low in both groups, and more than one-third of women with PMS were deficient in magnesium. Non-randomised trial, 2015 Does aerobic exercise reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes, aerobic exercise reduced PMS symptoms more than health education did. However, the study was small and short-term, so we cannot be completely sure it works for everyone. Non-randomised trial, 2015 Does daily meditation with classical music reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, practicing 15-minute meditation with music every day significantly reduced PMS symptoms across all measured areas over one menstrual cycle. However, the study was small and had no control group. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in university students and what symptoms do they experience? 85.6% of students had PMS symptoms and 36.3% had the more severe form (PMDD). The most common mood symptom was fatigue (72.6%) and the most common physical symptom was abdominal pain (62.7%). Survey study, 2014 What factors cause PMS in teenage girls? Daily hassles had the biggest effect on PMS in teenage girls. Other factors included age at first period, body weight, menstrual flow amount, test anxiety, social support, attitudes about menstruation, and femininity, but not school stress. Survey study, 2014 Is stress linked to PMS in female students? Yes, stress was linked to PMS in these female nursing students. Diet and physical activity did not show a clear link to PMS. Survey study, 2014 How much do teenage nursing students know about PMS? Most of the teenage students studied did not know enough about premenstrual syndrome, with insufficient knowledge being the most common result. Survey study, 2014 Is PMS linked to difficulty identifying and describing emotions? Women with PMS scored higher on measures of alexithymia, which means difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions. The study could not determine whether this causes PMS or results from it. Survey study, 2014 Does how much girls exercise affect their PMS symptoms? Yes, there was a clear difference in PMS symptoms between girls with different activity levels. Girls with health-enhancing physical activity had higher symptom scores than the overall average. Survey study, 2014 How common are period pain and PMS in rural Indian school girls, and how much do they affect daily life? More than half of the girls reported period pain (60.19%) and PMS (52.30%). These conditions significantly interfered with school attendance, concentration, exercise, household tasks, and social activities. Survey study, 2014 How common is PMS in adolescent girls, and does education about PMS help reduce symptoms? PMS affected 40.9% of urban girls and 51.6% of rural girls. Three months after an educational program, girls reported significant decreases in all PMS symptoms compared to before the program. Study, 2014 Does the oral contraceptive Marvelon help with PMS symptoms? Yes. When women took Marvelon (a combination birth control pill) for 6 months, their PMS symptoms got noticeably better. Other measures of health including blood cholesterol also improved. Survey study, 2014 What does this article cover about premenstrual mood disorders? This is a continuing education article written for doctors on premenstrual mood disorders. It is a teaching piece rather than a study, so it does not report a specific group of people tested, a treatment tried, or results to share. Survey study, 2014 Do premenstrual symptoms relate to school stress? Girls reported more symptoms at one point in their cycle, and school deadlines were linked to more symptoms during that time, suggesting stress and symptoms may be connected. Cohort study, 2014 Do lifestyle and nutrition affect menstrual symptoms? Yes. Women with menstrual symptoms had different eating patterns and lifestyle factors than those without symptoms. Strong links were found between diet and the type of menstrual pattern. Survey study, 2014 Is depression more common in women with PMS? Yes, depression is more common in women with PMS. The rate of depression was higher in the PMS group than in women without PMS. Survey study, 2014 How common are PMS and PMDD in middle-aged women going through perimenopause? Approximately 95% of perimenopausal women had PMS and 23% had PMDD. Women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have severe menstrual pain. Survey study, 2014 How common is PMS among university women and how does it affect their schooling? 37 percent of female students met diagnostic criteria for PMS. About 28 percent missed classes because of PMS, and most did not seek medical treatment. Survey study, 2014 What makes PMS worse in college women, stress or how they feel about periods? Both matter. Women with higher stress and a more negative attitude toward menstruation tended to have worse PMS, along with smoking and painful periods, but together these only explained about a quarter of the difference between women. Study, 2014 Which women are more likely to have PMS? PMS is much more common in nursing students who live in dormitories, those with gynecological problems, and those who often eat fast food. About one in every two nursing students experiences PMS. Survey study, 2014 Is there a link between diet and premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Women with PMS ate less dairy products. Eating more milk and dairy was linked to less pain and fewer overall symptoms. Randomised trial, 2014 Does homeopathic treatment help women with premenstrual syndrome? The treatment reduced PMS symptoms, especially in women with moderate to severe cases. However, the study had high dropout rates and was only tested in the Netherlands. Survey study, 2013 How common are PMS and PMDD among female medical students, and do they affect schoolwork? In this study of 182 female medical students, 90.1% met criteria for PMS and 26.4% for PMDD. Over 70% reported that symptoms harmed their exam performance and concentration. Survey study, 2013 Do women with PMS have different blood sugar and insulin levels than healthy women? Yes, women with PMS had significantly lower blood glucose and lower insulin resistance during both menstrual phases compared to healthy women, but this was a small study with unclear practical importance. Survey study, 2013 Is a daily symptom tracker reliable for measuring PMS in Chinese women? Yes. The Daily Record of Severity of Problems showed good reliability and validity for tracking PMS symptoms in Chinese women, with stable measurements across two cycles. Survey study, 2013 Do women with PMDD have sleep problems? Yes. About a quarter have sleep disorders, and over half experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Survey study, 2013 Does moving to college worsen PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who recently moved to college hostels had significantly higher PMS symptoms than when they lived at home. Women who had lived in hostels for over a year had lower symptom scores, suggesting adaptation. Survey study, 2013 What lifestyle factors are linked to PMS in college women? Family history of PMS, physical inactivity, coffee drinking, high body weight, fast food, and smoking are all linked to PMS. Together these factors explain about half of PMS cases. Survey study, 2013 Can headaches happen in the middle of a woman's cycle? Yes. About half of women get headaches before their period, but one in six experience headaches around the middle of their cycle instead. Headache timing often matches when mood symptoms occur. Survey study, 2013 Is health anxiety connected to PMS and PMDD? Yes, women with PMS and PMDD reported significantly more health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity than those with mild or no PMS. These links remained even after accounting for general anxiety, and both groups reported worse quality of life overall. Survey study, 2013 How common are premenstrual disorders in adolescent girls? About 99.5% of adolescent girls reported at least one premenstrual symptom, and 59% met the criteria for PMDD. This is based on a survey in Iran. Survey study, 2013 Are premenstrual symptoms linked to how women experience their body? Yes. Women with premenstrual symptoms tend to focus more on physical sensations in their body, and this may contribute to how severe their symptoms become. Survey study, 2013 Is there a link between PMS/PMDD symptoms and trauma from natural disasters? Yes, nine months after a major earthquake, girls with PTSD showed significantly higher rates and severity of PMS and PMDD symptoms. Symptom severity increased with PTSD severity. Survey study, 2013 How many college students have premenstrual symptoms? Most do. 90 percent of college students report at least one premenstrual symptom, but only a few with severe symptoms seek help. Survey study, 2013 Is PMS linked to perfectionism and anxiety in college students? Yes, but the link differs by student type. In nursing students, PMS is linked to both perfectionism and anxiety. In general students, it is only linked to anxiety. Non-randomised trial, 2013 Does ear acupressure therapy help PMS symptoms? The study found that women who received ear acupressure therapy had lower symptom scores than women who did not. However, the study was small and not randomized, so we cannot be certain the therapy itself caused the improvement. Non-randomised trial, 2013 Does 8 weeks of aerobic exercise reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, 8 weeks of aerobic exercise three times weekly significantly reduced PMS symptoms and both physical and psychological symptoms compared to a control group (p≤0.001). Survey study, 2013 How do lifestyle and attitudes about periods affect PMS severity? Negative attitudes about menstruation and problematic alcohol use are linked to worse PMS, and painful periods (dysmenorrhea) are most strongly linked to worse PMS. These are associations, not proof of cause and effect. Survey study, 2013 What do Brazilian men understand about premenstrual syndrome? Most Brazilian men (86%) have heard of PMS, but awareness and understanding are significantly higher in more educated men and those with higher income. Survey study, 2013 Do stress-sensitive women respond to stress differently across the menstrual cycle? Women with high stress sensitivity show stronger stress responses during menstruation than women with low stress sensitivity, but not at other cycle phases. Survey study, 2012 Do premenstrual disorders lower teenage girls' quality of life? Yes. In this Iranian study, teenage girls who met the criteria for PMDD had worse quality of life than those who did not, across almost every area measured. Survey study, 2012 Do women with PMS eat more food before their period? Yes. Women with PMS ate significantly more energy and carbohydrates during the luteal phase (before their period) compared to other times. Survey study, 2012 Is higher weight linked to greater risk of PMS? Yes. Women with obesity were at higher PMS risk than those who were overweight, who were at higher risk than those with normal weight. Stress and contraceptive use also affected PMS risk. Survey study, 2012 Does vitamin D affect PMS symptoms? No clear link was found between vitamin D level and PMS symptoms. However, women who ate high amounts of dairy had significantly fewer headaches and social withdrawal. Survey study, 2012 Is there a link between attitudes toward menstruation and PMS symptoms? Women with PMS symptoms were more likely to see menstruation as debilitating. This shows correlation but does not prove that attitudes cause worse symptoms. Case-control study, 2012 Do women with PMS have worse sleep quality than those without? Yes. A significantly higher percentage of women with PMS reported poor sleep quality, mainly due to sleep disturbances. The difference was statistically significant. Survey study, 2011 Do overweight or obese women have worse PMS than normal weight women? Yes. Overweight and obese women reported significantly more pain and mood-related PMS symptoms compared to normal weight women. Survey study, 2011 Is academic stress linked to menstrual disorders in female students? Yes. Women with academic stress have about 2 times the risk of menstrual disorders. PMS is one common disorder, affecting about one-third of those with any menstrual problem. Survey study, 2011 Does being on the birth control pill change how food cravings and hunger shift across the month? Cravings and eating patterns were similar whether or not women were on the pill, both rising before and during the period. Hunger timing differed slightly: non-pill users felt hungrier only before their period, pill users felt hungrier both before and during the hormone-free bleed. Survey study, 2011 How common is PMS and how much does it affect daily life? Very common, affecting 81.25% of women, with significant impacts on work, school, mood, and physical symptoms like pain and fatigue. Survey study, 2011 Is being an introvert connected to having PMS? This study of 42 university students found a clear link between introvert personality traits and PMS symptoms. Students who scored higher on introversion were more likely to have PMS. Survey study, 2011 How do women feel about menstruation and does it interfere with daily life? Many women dislike menstruation mainly because it is inconvenient or uncomfortable, and it interferes with school (22%) and relationships (43%), though some women value it for confirming health. Survey study, 2011 Do all women experience mood changes the same way across their menstrual cycle? No. About 61% of women follow the classic PMS pattern, 13% show mood peaking mid-cycle instead, and 26% have no regular pattern. Survey study, 2011 What are the most common perimenstrual symptoms? The most common pattern was a combination of mood changes, pain, digestive problems, and loss of normal functioning. Interview study, 2011 How do teenage girls in Malaysia learn about and manage periods and PMS? Many girls are not prepared for periods when they arrive, and both urban and rural girls manage PMS and period pain on their own without seeing a doctor. Survey study, 2011 Do menstrual symptoms make IBS worse in young Taiwanese women? Yes, in this study. Digestive symptoms got worse during menstruation in young women with IBS, though this was only measured in one school in Taiwan. Survey study, 2011 Does work stress and night shifts increase risk of PMS and PMDD? Yes, women working night shifts had higher rates of PMS (56% vs 32%) and PMDD (22% vs 13%) compared to women without shift work, but we cannot prove the shifts caused these conditions. Cohort study, 2010 How do anxiety disorders differ across different life stages? The provided summary focuses on anxiety in children and risk factors. The section about women and hormones is cut off in the provided text, so no conclusion about menstrual-related anxiety can be drawn. Case-control study, 2010 Does vitamin D intake reduce the risk of PMS? Higher vitamin D intake from food may be linked to lower PMS risk, though the evidence is weak and larger studies are needed to confirm. Survey study, 2010 How common is period pain in adolescent Asian girls and what does it affect? Three-quarters of adolescent girls in Malaysia had period pain. It affected their concentration in class for over half, limited their social activities for half, caused about one in five to miss school, and caused poor school performance in one in eight. Survey study, 2010 How many Greek nursing students have PMS or PMDD? Among 101 Greek nursing students who completed the study, 25.7% had PMS and 8.9% had PMDD. Study, 2010 Do fine motor skills and spatial reasoning change during the menstrual cycle? Yes. Performance is best during the mid-luteal phase when hormones are highest and worst during menstruation when hormones are lowest. Survey study, 2010 How common is PMDD among medical students in Nigeria? 36.1% of medical students had PMDD. Menstrual pain was significantly linked to PMDD. Survey study, 2010 How common is premenstrual syndrome in female university students? PMS is very common: 85.5% of students experienced symptoms regularly. We have low confidence since this is one study from one university in Nigeria. Survey study, 2010 How severe is PMS in university students, and what factors affect severity? Most PMS was mild to moderate in severity. 58.8% had mild physical symptoms and 38.8% had moderate. Only 2.4% had severe physical symptoms. Severity was linked to when symptoms started and the student's year of study. Survey study, 2010 How common is premenstrual syndrome in university students? PMS is common: 67.5% of university students experienced it. We have low confidence from this single university study in Turkey. Survey study, 2009 What are normal menstrual patterns in adolescent girls in Ethiopia? The median age of first period was 14.8 years, with 70% having cycles of 21-35 days. However, 75% had premenstrual symptoms and 72% had painful periods. Survey study, 2009 Are physical menstrual cycle symptoms linked to premenstrual depression? Six physical symptoms of the menstrual cycle together explained nearly 30% of the difference in depression levels. Physical symptoms and mood appear to be connected, though other factors also matter. Survey study, 2009 Does skipping breakfast affect menstrual cramps and irregular periods? Yes. Women who skipped breakfast had worse menstrual cramps, irregular periods, and poor general health compared to those who ate breakfast. This was a survey where women reported their own habits, so we can't be sure breakfast directly causes these problems. Cohort study, 2009 How common is PMDD among preschool teachers in one city? About 27.3 percent of teachers in this study had PMDD, which is higher than the 3 to 8 percent reported in general. Physical symptoms were the most bothersome. Survey study, 2009 Is stress related to premenstrual symptoms and irregular periods? Yes. Stress is independently associated with both PMS and irregular cycles. Women reporting these menstrual problems had significantly higher stress scores. Survey study, 2008 Does exercise improve menstrual symptoms? Yes. Women who did fitness exercises for 12 weeks had fewer physical and emotional symptoms before their period and much less painful periods. Survey study, 2008 How common is PMDD in African women and what factors are linked to it? 6.1% of Nigerian university students had PMDD. It was strongly linked to depression (17 times more likely), anxiety, panic disorder, painful periods, and a personality trait called neuroticism. Survey study, 2008 How many female medical students have painful periods and does it affect school attendance? Dysmenorrhea (painful periods) affected 73.83% of 107 female medical students. Of those with painful periods, 31.67% frequently missed school or classes. Survey study, 2008 How common are menstrual problems among young women, and how much do they interfere with daily life? In this study of 112 undergraduate female medical students, 67% reported PMS and 33% reported severe period pain. These problems significantly interfered with school, with 54% needing extra rest and 50% unable to study. Study, 2008 Can plants help treat women's health problems like PMS? This describes a research center's process for testing plant-based treatments for PMS and other women's health problems. The article explains their methods but does not report results from completed studies. Survey study, 2007 Do women who experienced abuse have more severe premenstrual symptoms? Yes. Women with a history of abuse report more severe PMS, especially pain and water retention. Stress partially explains this but accounts for only 24% of the effect. Survey study, 2007 How common and how recognised is PMDD among young women? In this small study of Croatian students, 15 out of 87 women had PMDD, suggesting it may be more common than usually recognised, but this is from one small sample so it cannot tell us the true rate everywhere. Survey study, 2007 Does gender identity type affect premenstrual symptoms and health behaviors? Yes. Different gender identity types had significantly different levels of symptoms and health-promoting behaviors. Survey study, 2007 Is pain sensitivity different in people with severe PMS? People with high PMS had significantly lower pain sensitivity at one specific acupuncture point (SP6) but not at other points tested. This suggests a connection between PMS and pain sensitivity. Randomised trial, 2007 Does lower-dose estrogen in birth control pills help premenstrual mood more than higher-dose? Yes. Women taking 25 mcg estrogen were significantly more likely to improve in premenstrual mood than those on 35 mcg, though the reason for this is unclear. Cohort study, 2006 How should severe period pain in teenagers be treated? Regular pain relief medication (NSAIDs) started before periods begin may help. In one teenager, severe pain improved from 8 out of 10 to 5 out of 10. Study, 2006 How has our understanding of PMS changed over time? Our understanding of PMS has evolved from purely biological or purely psychological explanations to a combined approach that recognizes genetics, hormones, environment, and culture all play a role. Survey study, 2006 How common are PMS and period problems in teen girls, and do attitudes affect school attendance? Among urban teens, PMS is very common (84%) and period pain affects 65 percent. Girls with negative expectations about periods are significantly more likely to miss school and activities. Survey study, 2006 Are seasonal mood changes linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes, there is a strong connection between seasonal mood symptoms and premenstrual symptoms (r = .45), even in women without seasonal affective disorder. This connection is only partly explained by depression. Non-randomised trial, 2006 Does PMS nutrition education help college students with PMS? Students who received 8 weeks of nutrition education showed significant increases in PMS knowledge and self health behavior compared to control students. Survey study, 2006 What percentage of Japanese high school girls have PMDD or PMS, and what affects it? About 8.4% have PMDD and 18.5% have PMS. Stress, poor sleep, less exercise, irregular eating, and headaches may increase risk. Survey study, 2005 Does being a morning or evening person affect premenstrual symptoms? In university-age women, those who are evening types reported more mood swings and menstrual pain, but this pattern was not clear in younger teens. Sleep timing and cycle regularity showed some connections in certain regions. Survey study, 2005 What are the main symptom types of PMDD? The study found that mood symptoms are most important in PMDD, but physical symptoms and feeling overwhelmed are also significant. Since this was a survey of college students in Brazil, the findings may not apply to all women. Cohort study, 2005 How common is PMS and how severe is it in young college women? More than half of college women (53%) met PMS diagnostic criteria, with 31.7% having severe symptoms. About 18% met criteria for PMDD, the most severe form. This is a high prevalence, though the study used convenience sampling in one country. Survey study, 2005 What are the main symptoms and impacts of severe period pain in teenage girls? The most common symptoms are cramps, tiredness, backache, swollen belly, and tender breasts. Teenagers with worse symptoms miss more school and take more painkillers. Survey study, 2004 Does PMS severity predict how much alcohol college women drink? PMS severity predicted weekday alcohol drinking but not weekend drinking. The link appears to exist before serious drinking problems develop. Survey study, 2004 Does what you eat affect premenstrual symptoms? Eating more fat was linked with worse premenstrual symptoms, while eating more carbohydrate-rich foods was linked with fewer symptoms. Soy products had no clear link to symptoms. Survey study, 2003 How common is PMS and does it affect academic performance in university students in Ethiopia? 27% of students met diagnostic criteria for PMS or PMDD. About 14% frequently missed classes and 15% missed exams or got lower grades due to PMS symptoms. These academic impacts were significantly associated with symptom severity. Survey study, 2003 How common is PMS and what factors are associated with it in college-aged women in Saudi Arabia? 96.6% experienced at least one premenstrual symptom and 37.5% had high severity. Risk factors included maternal history of PMS, perceived mental stress, physical inactivity, and consuming sweet foods and coffee, though these explained only 14% of symptom variation. Survey study, 2002 Do women with irregular menstrual cycles experience more menstrual symptoms? Yes, women with irregular cycles experienced about twice as many menstrual symptoms as women with regular cycles. Case-control study, 2002 Does stress from PMS change the chemistry of women's breath? Yes. Women with PMS have higher levels of volatile sulfur compounds (which cause bad breath) during the premenstrual phase than women without PMS (P < 0.05), and this is not simply explained by less saliva production. Survey study, 2002 How do family, school, health, and relationships affect how teenage girls feel about themselves? Menstrual cycle phase, menstrual problems, family situation, and school type did not affect girls' self-esteem or depression. However, having a romantic partner markedly increased girls' self-evaluation. Non-randomised trial, 2002 Does foot reflexology reduce premenstrual syndrome and period pain symptoms? Yes, in this small study of college students, foot reflexology appeared to reduce both PMS and period pain symptoms significantly. However, the study was small and lacked a proper placebo control. Survey study, 2001 How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? A clear connection was found between how women view menstruation and their premenstrual symptoms. Women who saw menstruation as weakening them physically and emotionally experienced more premenstrual symptoms. Study, 2001 Is taking sertraline every day or just before your period better for PMDD? Taking sertraline every day is better tolerated than taking it only before your period. However, many women in both groups stopped the medication due to side effects. Survey study, 2001 Does the menstrual cycle phase affect spatial ability? Yes. Women in the luteal phase scored lower on spatial reasoning tests than women in other menstrual phases, but hormone levels didn't explain why. Study, 2000 What is normal for a girl's first period and early menstruation? The average age for the first period is 12.8 years. Early periods are often irregular and can take a year or more to settle into a regular pattern. Survey study, 2000 Do multiple sclerosis symptoms change at different times in the menstrual cycle? It varies. In some women with MS, neurologic symptoms worsened during the 2 weeks before their period. In others, there was no change across the cycle. Some women also had PMS symptoms. Survey study, 1999 Does education about PMS help reduce symptoms in teenage girls? Yes. Girls who received education about PMS reported significantly lower symptom scores 3 months later, while girls in the control group showed no change. Survey study, 1999 Do nursing interventions help relieve PMS symptoms? Yes. Educational nursing interventions proved effective in relieving PMS and improving students' practices during the premenstrual period. Survey study, 1999 How do menstrual and premenstrual symptoms affect female military cadets? Almost all cadets' menstrual cycles changed during their first year. Many reported symptoms interfered with physical activities. Many also struggled to access, change, and dispose of menstrual products. Randomised trial, 1999 Do premenstrual symptoms improve when women with asthma take estradiol during the premenstrual phase? No, estradiol had no significant effect on premenstrual symptoms in women with premenstrual asthma. For some women, symptoms worsened with estradiol. Survey study, 1999 Does the Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire work as well as English? Yes, mostly. Most items translated equivalently between English and Chinese, though some items could be improved further. Survey study, 1998 Does education level affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are in Mexican women? Yes. Women in professional studies reported more severe symptoms than less educated women. Living in a city versus a rural area made much less difference. Survey study, 1997 Do menstrual cycle moods and symptoms affect school grades? Yes, but only slightly. Menstrual cycle symptoms predicted grades in 14% of cases premenstrually, 7% during menstruation, and 13% between periods, mostly negatively, though with some positive effects in certain subjects. Interview study, 1997 What are young undergraduate women's experiences of their menstrual cycle? Young women experienced some premenstrual symptoms but considered them minor compared to the stereotype. None had thought about positive experiences, though managing menstruation was seen as bothersome. Case-control study, 1996 Are women with PMS more angry or do they have different feelings of control than women without PMS? No clear difference in anger or feelings of control was found between women with and without PMS. However, 89% of women thought they had PMS when only 22% actually met the official diagnosis criteria. Survey study, 1995 How common are PMS and premenstrual symptoms? About 7.7% of women met the strict diagnosis for PMS, but 42.4% had some premenstrual symptoms. Age, oral contraceptive use, and life circumstances affected whether women had symptoms. Case-control study, 1995 How often do women experience suicidal thoughts during the premenstrual period? About 10% of women reported suicidal ideas or death wishes during the premenstrual period, especially those with other PMS symptoms like depression and irritability, though we cannot prove PMS causes these thoughts. Survey study, 1995 What side effects do women experience from birth control pills? Over half reported no change. Most women who did notice a change said it was negative. Only pelvic pain improved with birth control use. Survey study, 1994 What are normal menstrual patterns in teenage girls? Most had normal cycles. About 20% reported severe PMS and 17.2% had severe period pain. Survey study, 1994 How do daily stress and ways of coping relate to menstrual symptoms? Women who experience more frequent or severe daily stressors report more menstrual symptoms in all phases of their cycle. Using distancing as a coping strategy is associated with fewer premenstrual symptoms and less menstrual tension. Survey study, 1993 Which menstrual symptoms are most common and how do lifestyle and age affect them? Bloating, backache, and headache are the most common. Symptoms vary significantly based on education level, whether you live in a city or rural area, age, and weight, suggesting both biology and lifestyle matter. Survey study, 1992 Does having a Type A personality change how stress affects menstrual symptoms? Women with Type A personality traits reported more menstrual symptoms at all levels of stress compared to women with other personality types. Case report, 1992 Is severe overeating linked to the premenstrual period in women with PMS? Yes. This woman experienced uncontrollable binge eating only during her premenstrual period, especially in the 3 to 5 days before her period. Survey study, 1991 What period symptoms do university students have, and how do they manage them? Most students had some premenstrual and period symptoms, and about 23% described them as severe, but most did not see a doctor about it. Survey study, 1991 Are sugary foods and drinks linked to premenstrual syndrome? Among women with severe PMS, eating chocolate was linked to PMS while other junk foods were not. Drinking alcohol, fruit juice, and caffeine-free soda were all linked to PMS in these women, with associations holding even when caffeine intake was controlled for. Lab study, 1991 Is resting heart rate different in women with PMS during their menstrual cycle? Yes. Women with PMS had higher resting heart rates during the premenstrual phase compared to women without PMS. Heart rate also varied across the four cycle phases in women with PMS. Survey study, 1989 Are premenstrual symptoms as common as period pain in teenage girls? Premenstrual symptoms are very common in teenage girls (86%), as common as period pain (91%). Most girls don't know what causes these symptoms or how to treat them. Survey study, 1989 What premenstrual symptoms do adolescent girls experience? Almost all adolescent girls report premenstrual symptoms. Most commonly they experience physical discomfort, water retention, and fatigue, along with mood changes like depression and impulsive behavior. Survey study, 1989 Do premenstrual symptoms affect how well women study or perform academically? No. Even though many students felt their premenstrual symptoms disrupted their work, no actual change was found in exam or test performance, or in how students approached their studying, around this time of the month. Survey study, 1989 Does drinking tea cause premenstrual syndrome? Tea consumption was strongly linked to having PMS in this study, and the more tea women drank, the more likely they were to have symptoms. Cohort study, 1988 Do anxiety and depression relate to menstrual symptoms in healthy women? Yes, there was an association between anxiety and depression scores and menstrual symptoms. Nearly half of the women reported menstrual symptoms. However, this does not prove whether mood causes symptoms, symptoms cause mood, or both stem from another cause. Study, 1987 Does the menstrual cycle change how the brain processes sound? No. The brain's processing of sound did not change between the day before menstruation and 9 days after cycle start, despite significant mood changes. Non-randomised trial, 1986 Does what a woman is told about PMS change how severe her symptoms feel? Women told PMS comes from societal myths reported less negative mood and fewer symptoms compared to other groups. All women actually showed better task persistence and more positive interactions with their children during the premenstrual phase compared to mid-cycle. Survey study, 1984 Do moods change during different phases of the menstrual cycle? In this study, most university women aged 18-30 did not experience clear changes in mood or psychological distress during different cycle phases. Even women who attended a psychiatric clinic showed no clear changes. Cohort study, 1984 What affects menstrual patterns in teenage girls? Exercise and body fat did not affect menstrual regularity or pain. However, girls living at boarding school (away from home) were more likely to develop irregular cycles than girls living at home. Study, 1983 Does the menstrual cycle affect the ability to find hidden shapes in pictures? Maybe, but it depends. Psychology students made more errors during the middle of their cycle, but nursing students didn't show this pattern. Survey study, 1983 Do men and women report the same menstrual symptoms? No. Men and women reported similar symptoms during the premenstrual period and mid-cycle, but women experienced more cramps, stomach pain, and bloating during menstruation. Women found these symptoms only modestly bothersome. Survey study, 1983 What menstrual symptoms do women report? Women report many different menstrual symptoms that vary widely in type and severity. The symptoms include physical, mood, concentration, and behavior changes. Survey study, 1981 Do teenage girls experience mood changes around their period? No. Teenage girls tested just before or during their period did not show different anxiety or depression levels compared to times tested at other parts of their cycle. A control group of teenage boys also showed no mood changes across time. Survey study, 1977 What do college women think and expect about how menstruation affects them? College women generally see menstruation as normal and not very disruptive. They have complex beliefs about menstruation, with different expectations for how it affects physical symptoms versus mood. Survey study, 1977 Does self-actualization change during the menstrual cycle? One study found women's self-actualization scores were higher during menstruation than mid-cycle, but the sample was very small and the measurement is complex, so we cannot be sure this applies broadly. Survey study, 1975 Do women with premenstrual mood symptoms have more mood disorder diagnoses? Yes, women reporting premenstrual affective symptoms were more likely than others to seek psychiatric care and receive a mood disorder diagnosis. We cannot be sure of cause and effect from this type of study. Survey study, 1975 Are women with premenstrual emotional symptoms more likely to have depression? Yes, women with premenstrual emotional symptoms were twice as likely as controls to have a history of serious depression and twice as likely to have a family member with depression. This is a small study but with clearer definitions than some earlier research. Randomised trial, 1972 Does birth control change mood and premenstrual symptoms? Birth control reduced irritability and aggression between periods and made cycles shorter, more regular, and less painful. It also caused nausea, vomiting, water retention, and drowsiness. We cannot be very confident because this was a tiny study of only 8 women. Survey study, 1970 How common is PMS in medical students? All of the medical students surveyed had at least some PMS symptoms, even if mild. Irritability and compulsivity were the most common symptoms. Earlier years of study had slightly worse symptoms than later years. Survey study, 1964 How common are mood and physical changes around menstruation? Very common. One in nine women reported severe pain, irritability or headache, and one in four had moderate to severe premenstrual tension. Psychological symptoms were linked to personality traits related to anxiety. Show more studies Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗