--- title: Fatigue and energy: 116 studies, explained | Niyora description: 116 studies on fatigue and energy and PMS or PMDD, each summarised in plain English: what was tested, who took part, what they found and what it means. url: https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-fatigue/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Fatigue and energy # Fatigue and energy: what the research says 116 studies on fatigue and energy in PMS and PMDD, each explained in plain English. 5 of them use the strongest designs: randomised trials and systematic reviews. Survey study 67 Randomised trial 13 Study 11 Non-randomised trial 7 Cohort study 6 Systematic review 5 Systematic review, 2026 Does the menstrual cycle affect athletic performance and fatigue in female athletes? Lab tests showed stable athletic performance across the menstrual cycle, but the premenstrual phase linked to higher fatigue. In real games, athletes covered less distance during menstruation with separate thinking changes. Randomised trial, 2025 Does exercise reduce menstrual symptoms and sleep problems? Yes. Women who exercised for 12 weeks had significantly fewer menstrual symptoms and better sleep than those who did not exercise. Systematic review, 2022 Do athletes' feelings and performance change across the menstrual cycle? Some feelings change across the cycle, especially motivation and mood. However, the research methods vary a lot, so we cannot be very confident about most findings. Systematic review, 2021 Does damask rose help reduce menstrual pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating? Damask rose significantly reduced menstrual-related headache, fatigue, and bloating, but did not clearly reduce menstrual pain or anxiety. More research on pain and anxiety is needed. Randomised trial, 2014 Does the combination of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium reduce menstrual symptoms and migraine? Yes. The combination was better than placebo for tiredness, irritability, bloating, abdominal pain, and back pain, as well as migraine. However, women with severe period pain responded less well to migraine treatment. Systematic review, 2026 Does exercise help with mood problems, pain, and fatigue in women with PMS? Yes. Exercise including running, yoga, and Pilates significantly reduces negative mood, pain, and fatigue in women with PMS. Running for 9-12 weeks at 3 or more sessions per week works best for mood. Yoga for 9-12 weeks at 3 or more sessions per week works best for pain and fatigue. Survey study, 2026 How does menstruation affect girls' participation in organized sports? Most girls reported that menstruation affected their sports performance and attendance. About 91 percent noted skill changes, 77 percent effort changes, and 58 percent attendance changes. Fatigue, mood, and pain were most common, and 18 percent were worried enough to consider quitting. Study, 2025 Do women have different symptom patterns before, during, and after menopause? Yes. Women have different symptom patterns depending on whether they are before, during, or after menopause. All women experience fatigue, headache, anxiety, and brain fog regardless of life stage. Survey study, 2025 How do personality traits like neuroticism affect PMS severity and sexual satisfaction? Yes, personality traits significantly predict both PMS severity and sexual satisfaction. Women with higher neuroticism had more severe PMS with anxiety, depression, and fatigue, while those with higher extraversion had milder PMS and better sexual satisfaction. Study, 2025 Does the menstrual cycle affect sleep, energy, and injury risk in young female athletes? Yes. Young female athletes reported worse sleep and more tiredness during the luteal phase, particularly the week before their period. They also had more injuries during these phases. Randomised trial, 2025 Does whole-body cryostimulation improve sleep quality in female athletes during different menstrual phases? Yes, whole-body cryostimulation improved sleep quality and reduced fatigue during the mid-luteal phase, when sleep naturally worsens. It did not help during other phases. Randomised trial, 2025 Does yoga help reduce pain and fatigue in women with premenstrual syndrome? Yes. Women who did yoga had significantly greater reductions in pain and fatigue after 8 weeks compared to a control group. Cohort study, 2024 How does sleep change across your menstrual cycle? Sleep was best during the mid-to-late follicular phase (when estrogen is rising) compared to menstruation and the luteal phase. This is fairly clear evidence from 96 women. Randomised trial, 2024 Does a banana drink with egg white reduce PMDD symptoms and improve mood? The banana drink significantly reduced anxiety, fatigue, concentration problems, insomnia and physical symptoms, and improved mood. Serotonin levels did not increase significantly. Cohort study, 2024 Does shift work worsen PMS symptoms in newly graduated nurses? Yes. PMS got worse six months after newly graduated nurses started shift work and stayed worse at 18 months. Sleep quality and fatigue were the strongest linked factors. Survey study, 2024 Are calorie tracking and eating disorders linked to menstrual problems in female athletes? 64.6% of resistance-trained athletes tracked calories. Limited connections appeared between body image concerns or eating disorders and menstrual cycle problems. However, there was a clear link between eating disorders and missing periods. Survey study, 2024 Are menstrual cycle symptoms related to sleep problems and mental health in female athletes? Yes. Women with more menstrual symptoms reported more depression, anxiety, stress problems, and sleep issues. Survey study, 2022 Do women with PMDD have different brain function at different cycle phases? Yes. Women with PMDD have worse focus and decision-making during the week before their period, and they have more difficulty managing emotions throughout the cycle. Survey study, 2022 What factors are associated with irregular menstrual cycles and how do irregular cycles affect other symptoms? Irregular cycles (varying by more than 7 days) affected 21% of nurses. Higher weight, lack of vigorous exercise, shift work, and heavy lifting were associated with irregular cycles. Women with irregular cycles also reported more depression, anxiety, stress, fatigue, and sleep problems. Survey study, 2022 How common are premenstrual symptoms, and do they change with age? Very common. Food cravings affect 85%, mood swings 64%, and fatigue 57%. Several symptoms got worse with age, but mood symptoms stayed the same across all age groups. Study, 2022 Does having COVID-19 affect premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Women who recovered from COVID-19 within the previous 6 months reported more PMS symptoms than women who had never had COVID-19. Randomised trial, 2021 Does hypnotherapy reduce pain and emotional distress in women with PMDD? Yes. Hypnotherapy focusing on cognitive flexibility and ego strength reduced pain and emotional distress much more than no treatment. Cohort study, 2021 Do women with PMDD have worse sleep, focus, and tiredness problems that get worse before their period? Yes, women with PMDD have more severe insomnia, attention problems, and fatigue than women without it, and these symptoms get significantly worse in the late luteal phase (the days before menstruation). Survey study, 2021 Does the menstrual cycle affect women's ability to train and compete? Yes. Women who experienced more frequent menstrual symptoms were significantly more likely to miss or change their training, miss competitions, miss work or school, and use pain medication. Study, 2021 Does exercise affect a woman's balance more during the premenstrual phase? Yes. Women had lower balance during the premenstrual phase before exercise, and their balance became more unstable after exercise during this phase compared to other times in their cycle. Survey study, 2021 Does vitamin D affect premenstrual symptoms, and does your genetics matter? The link depends on your genes. Women with one genetic type and low vitamin D had higher odds of fatigue and nausea. Another type had lower odds. A third type had more appetite changes with low vitamin D. Case-control study, 2020 Does fatigue change across the menstrual cycle, especially in women with anxiety? Mental fatigue increases during the high-hormone phase in healthy women, rising to levels that women with anxiety disorder experience. Physical fatigue does not change, and hormone levels alone do not explain fatigue. Study, 2019 Do muscles get tired at different times during the menstrual cycle? Yes. Muscles take much longer to get tired around ovulation than at other times of the cycle, showing that menstrual hormones affect muscle strength. Randomised trial, 2018 Does swimming reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Yes. Swimming significantly reduced anxiety, depression, cramps, headaches, and most other PMS symptoms, but it did not help irritability or food cravings. Survey study, 2018 How common are premenstrual symptoms in female workers, and does exercise help? Fatigue (24%), backache (21.2%), and abdominal bloating (17.4%) were the most common symptoms. Women who exercised regularly reported significantly fewer backaches, less irritability, depression, and less crying. Survey study, 2018 Does how women think about menstruation affect their PMS symptoms? Yes, women who view menstruation as debilitating or bothersome reported more PMS symptoms than those with more positive views. Survey study, 2016 Do hormonal contraceptives reduce PMS symptoms? Hormonal contraceptives are linked to lower risk of some PMS symptoms, including cramps, fatigue, and depression, but not others like mood swings and bloating. Survey study, 2015 Is neck and shoulder pain common after birth, and what increases the risk? Yes, 73.1% of women had neck and shoulder pain one month after birth. Women who had previous PMS, anemia during pregnancy, more breastfeeding, and worse mood had higher rates, though this is observational so causation is not proven. Cohort study, 2014 Can a brief daily fatigue scale reliably measure changes in fatigue, especially in PMS and PMDD? Yes. The scale reliably measured fatigue across groups (over 90% reliable), and in women with PMS/PMDD, fatigue increased as their period approached and dropped sharply after menstruation. Study, 2012 Is low progesterone linked to aggressive behavior and fatigue before menstruation? Yes. Women with lower aggressive behavior and fatigue had higher progesterone levels during the second half of the cycle. The study suggests that low progesterone may contribute to aggressive behavior and fatigue. Study, 2012 Do women with severe PMS have poor sleep quality? Women with severe PMS feel like they sleep poorly before menstruation, but measurements of their actual sleep don't show this. How they feel about sleep is strongly linked to anxiety. Study, 2010 Why do women with IBS and fibromyalgia or PMDD have similar inflammation patterns? Women with IBS who also have fibromyalgia, PMDD, or chronic fatigue have higher levels of inflammatory proteins in their blood than women with IBS alone. Survey study, 2010 Do women with premenstrual asthma have more premenstrual symptoms overall? Yes. Women whose asthma worsens before their period had greater increases in most premenstrual symptoms, especially belly and breast tension, compared to women without this pattern. Randomised trial, 2009 Does calcium help PMS symptoms like tiredness and depression? Yes. Women taking 500 mg calcium carbonate twice daily for 3 months had significant improvements in tiredness, appetite changes, and depression compared to placebo. Survey study, 2009 How common is PMS in young Iranian women? PMS is very common: almost all young women have at least one PMS symptom, and 16% have clinically significant PMS. Younger women aged 18-20 have more severe symptoms than slightly older women. Survey study, 2007 How common is severe PMS and what are the most common symptoms? Severe PMS affects about 6.1% of women. The most frequent symptoms are irritability and anxiety, and most women with severe PMS have significant life disruption. Non-randomised trial, 2004 Are reproductive hormones abnormal in chronic fatigue syndrome? Reproductive hormones FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone were normal in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. However, cortisol (the stress hormone) was significantly lower than in healthy women. Case-control study, 2004 Does norepinephrine cycle with the menstrual cycle differently in women with PMS? Healthy women have a natural norepinephrine cycle that peaks at ovulation and early luteal phase, but women with PMS lack this cycling. Low norepinephrine is linked to mood swings, fatigue, and other symptoms. Study, 2004 How do work and time off affect women's moods during different phases of their menstrual cycle? Work days made women feel more anxious, stressed, and tired compared to days off. Menstrual cycle phase also affected mood, but the effect depended on whether it was a work or off day and on the woman's personality traits. Cohort study, 2003 Do birth control pills change how women experience premenstrual and menstrual symptoms? Birth control pills do not eliminate the cyclical pattern of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms that healthy women naturally experience. Different pill types produce similar patterns, though pill users reported less fatigue than non-users. Randomised trial, 1999 Does menstrual cycle phase affect how women respond to triazolam? No. The effects of triazolam on mood and performance were stable across all three phases of the menstrual cycle. Randomised trial, 1989 Does vitamin B6 reduce PMS mood symptoms? Yes, vitamin B6 at 50 mg per day significantly improved mood-related symptoms like depression, irritability, and tiredness. It did not help other PMS symptoms. Only about half the women finished the study. Survey study, 1982 How common are premenstrual symptoms in American women, and what factors affect them? Premenstrual symptoms are very common in American women, with over 30% experiencing weight gain, headache, mood changes, and other symptoms, though only 2% to 8% found them severe. Randomised trial, 1977 Does Bellergal help premenstrual syndrome? Bellergal significantly improved fatigue, breast tenderness, nervousness, irritability, lethargy and listlessness. The study lacks details like sample size and duration. Survey study, 2026 Does PMS affect how well young women sleep? This study set out to check whether premenstrual syndrome is linked to poorer sleep in women aged 18 to 25, but the text available here only describes the background and methods, not the actual results, so no clear answer can be given from what is provided. Survey study, 2026 Do adolescents have pain in multiple body areas during periods and does this connect to other symptoms? Yes. Adolescents had pain in an average of 2.8 body areas during menstruation, and widespread pain was significantly linked to more PMS symptoms, fatigue, sleep problems, and body sensitivity. Survey study, 2026 Can changing your diet help with period and PMS symptoms like fatigue, mood swings and bloating? This paper suggests certain foods may help, but it is not a real study on people, it is a write-up of general nutrition advice based on a newspaper health article, so it does not prove anything. Randomised trial, 2026 What types and amounts of exercise help or harm PMS? Regular moderate aerobic exercise and yoga reduce PMS symptoms like pain, fatigue, anxiety, and low mood. However, very high-intensity training combined with insufficient food can worsen menstrual health. Survey study, 2026 Does eating more ultra-processed food make PMS symptoms worse? Yes, this study found that eating more ultra-processed food was linked to worse PMS symptoms, but it cannot prove that the food caused the symptoms. Survey study, 2025 Do PMS symptoms ease once your period starts, and does diet make them worse? Yes, many PMS symptoms were significantly less severe after menstruation began, and eating more sugar or fat was linked to worse irritability and tension, while multi-nutrient supplements and higher education seemed to help, in this Bangladeshi study of 400 women. Survey study, 2025 What are menstrual cycle patterns in elite female basketball players? Most (78.51%) had regular cycles averaging 27.69 days. Most (86.84%) experienced period pain, and 77.63% had PMS symptoms. About 22.81% experienced absent periods. Survey study, 2025 Can a plant-based supplement reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, a multi-ingredient plant-based supplement taken daily for three months significantly reduced anger, irritability, mood problems, and other PMS symptoms in most women. Without a control group, some improvement might be due to placebo effect or natural changes over time. Survey study, 2025 Does the menstrual cycle affect recovery after football matches? The menstrual cycle has limited effect on how female footballers feel after matches. Perceived recovery may be slightly worse during menstruation, but overall no clear differences were found between cycle phases. Survey study, 2025 Does menstruation affect how well women sleep? Yes. Women who were menstruating had lower sleep efficiency (81%) compared to non-menstruating women (84.2%). No other major differences were found in symptoms or blood inflammation markers. Survey study, 2024 What premenstrual symptoms do martial arts athletes experience? Martial arts athletes experience both disturbing and non-disturbing PMS symptoms with regular 35-day menstrual cycles, and they have no significant difference in PMS compared to non-athletes. Survey study, 2024 Do daughters' premenstrual symptoms match their mothers' previous premenstrual symptoms? Some symptoms like anxiety and bloating were similar between mothers and daughters. Daughters' anxiety and fatigue were linked to their mothers' psychological menopausal symptoms. Non-randomised trial, 2024 Does laughter yoga reduce PMS symptoms? Yes. Women who did laughter yoga showed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, pain, bloating, and sleep problems compared to women who received no treatment. Study, 2024 What factors affect PMS symptoms in college women? Fatigue, severe period pain, and exposure to chemicals that may interfere with hormones all affect PMS. Together, these three factors explained 30.8% of the differences in PMS symptoms between women. Survey study, 2024 Do athletes understand their menstrual cycle and how it affects their performance? Most athletes feel their menstrual cycle affects their performance, but most cannot correctly identify the different phases. Many feel tired or unmotivated during certain phases. Survey study, 2024 Does the menstrual cycle affect well-being and performance in professional female soccer players? The menstrual cycle phase did not affect how far players ran, how hard they worked, or their overall well-being after matches. Sleep quality was worse after away matches, and losing affected stress and mood for 2 days, regardless of cycle phase. Survey study, 2024 What premenstrual symptoms are most common in working women? Physical symptoms like breast tenderness, headaches, joint and muscle pain, bloating and weight gain are most common in moderate to severe form, along with fatigue and irritability. Interestingly, sleeping too much is more common than insomnia. Survey study, 2024 How common is PMS among university students and what lifestyle factors relate to less PMS? PMS is very common: 83% had psychological symptoms, 79.4% had physical symptoms, 76.6% had behavioral symptoms. Diet and lifestyle choices like normal weight, no smoking, and eating fruits and vegetables were linked to less PMS. Survey study, 2024 Does nutrient intake and appetite change during the menstrual cycle relate to PMS symptoms? Women who eat more carbohydrates, protein, fat, and saturated fat have worse PMS symptoms including anxiety, irritability, depression, pain, fatigue, and sleep problems. Higher appetite also correlates with worse mood and fatigue. Survey study, 2023 Does low energy availability or eating problems affect how well young female soccer players perform? No. Low energy availability and eating problems were not significantly linked to physical performance. However, most players perceived their menstrual cycle affected their game, and they rarely discussed this with coaches. Survey study, 2023 Does connective tissue manipulation help dysmenorrhea pain and other symptoms? Yes, connective tissue manipulation reduced pain and fatigue significantly. Longer treatment appeared to have longer-lasting benefits through 12 months. Survey study, 2023 Does exercise help reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms? Exercise may reduce PMS symptoms including pain, fatigue, mood problems, and water retention, according to several studies. However, the existing research is limited and inconclusive about which types and amounts of exercise work best. Systematic review, 2023 Can relaxation methods like yoga help with the anxiety that comes with PMS? This review suggests relaxation therapy, including yoga, may help lower anxiety linked to premenstrual syndrome, but it mostly draws on older studies rather than new data, so confidence in this is limited. Survey study, 2022 Do COVID-19 vaccines cause menstrual or premenstrual changes? 78% of vaccinated women reported menstrual or premenstrual changes after vaccination, mostly mild symptoms like increased fatigue and heavier periods. We can be confident about what women remembered, though the study relied on recall rather than real-time symptom tracking, which may affect accuracy. Survey study, 2022 How common is PMS in university students and what helps them cope with symptoms? PMS was very common in this group. Most students coped by resting (67.6%) or sleeping (60.7%). Several menstrual and personal factors were linked to higher PMS risk, including family history, heavy periods, and starting menstruation early. Survey study, 2022 How does competitive swimming affect menstrual cycles and PMS symptoms? 31% of competitive swimmers experienced menstrual cycle stoppage for over 3 months. More intense swimming predicted worse cycle problems, but maintaining a healthy body weight protected against disruptions. Swimming did alleviate some PMS symptoms. Survey study, 2021 What blood markers can help identify menstrual cycle-related symptoms? Several blood markers including hormones and immune markers showed links to menstrual cycle symptoms. This is a theory paper, not a new study testing whether these markers work in practice. Survey study, 2021 Is aerobic exercise performance worse during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase? Yes. Women completed a cycling time trial more slowly and reported higher fatigue during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase. Survey study, 2021 Do PMS symptoms make multiple sclerosis symptoms worse? Yes. Multiple sclerosis symptoms got worse during the premenstrual period, especially pain and fatigue. But this very small study needs to be confirmed with larger research. Interview study, 2021 How do women manage changes in eating and exercise during the premenstrual phase? Women kept strict control over eating and exercise outside the premenstrual phase, but during it they experienced cravings, hunger, and fatigue that disrupted these patterns. Some found this helpful for self-care; others felt guilt, shame, and pushed themselves harder. Survey study, 2021 How common is PMS in health care workers? Very common at 76% overall. But rates were much higher in younger women: 80% of those ages 20-24, dropping to 58.3% in ages 25-30, and 46.6% in ages 31-40. Study, 2021 Does the point in the menstrual cycle change mood, anxiety and exercise performance in active women? It made a small difference to aerobic fitness and to how exercise affected depression, but most other measures of mood, anxiety and performance did not clearly differ between cycle phases. Survey study, 2021 Do anger and fatigue from PMS affect family relationships and responsibilities? Yes. Anger and fatigue are linked to difficulties with family functions and responsibilities. Together, these two symptoms explain about 42% of the variation in how much PMS affects family life. Survey study, 2020 Are depression, fatigue, and low body esteem linked to premenstrual symptoms? Yes. All three factors were significantly linked to premenstrual symptoms. Depression, menstrual cycle irregularity, menstrual pain, and low body esteem together explained 41% of variation in symptoms. Survey study, 2020 What are the most common PMS symptoms and how much do they disrupt daily life? Painful periods affected 63% of women and 40% said their routine was disrupted during their period. However, the study was in one community in Pakistan and only recorded current symptoms, not tracked changes over time. Survey study, 2020 How common are premenstrual symptoms in secondary school students? Very common: 82.5% had mood swings or nervousness and 80.1% had fatigue. Educational level and age were associated with symptom severity. Survey study, 2020 Does menstrual cycle affect balance and position sense in women with multiple sclerosis? In the early follicular phase, pain was linked to how well women could sense their knee position. The study was very small and had no comparison group, so results are uncertain. Survey study, 2020 What factors are linked to PMS in Pakistani women? Fatigue, mood swings, and depression were the most common symptoms. Women with PMS had abnormal calorie intake and abnormal body weight (either too high or too low). The number of women studied was not stated. Survey study, 2019 What are the best ways to manage PMS? PMS is managed in four steps: create awareness and make lifestyle changes, then offer therapy and complementary treatments, then medication if needed, and rarely surgery. This summarizes international guidelines but doesn't show strong evidence about which approach works best. Survey study, 2019 How common are menstrual symptoms and how much do they affect women's daily lives? Menstrual symptoms are very common. 85% have period pain, 77% have mood symptoms, and 71% have tiredness. About 1 in 3 women cannot do their usual activities during their period. Survey study, 2019 Does the menstrual cycle affect gut bacteria and immune response related to PMS? Yes. Antibody levels to gut bacteria change throughout the cycle, peaking at day 28, and these changes are linked to physical symptoms like bloating, anxiety, and breast swelling but not depression. Progesterone appears to drive these changes. Survey study, 2017 Are PMS symptoms linked to mood disorders and personality? This study found significant relationships between PMS symptoms and lifelong mania or hypomania symptoms, and between PMS and personality traits. Because it was cross-sectional, we cannot know if hormonal changes in PMS cause mood and personality changes. Non-randomised trial, 2015 Does dark chocolate reduce PMS symptoms? Yes, eating dark chocolate daily for 2 weeks before menstruation reduced most PMS symptoms including anxiety, fatigue, and cramps in this small study. However, acne slightly worsened. Survey study, 2015 How common is PMS in university students and what symptoms do they experience? 85.6% of students had PMS symptoms and 36.3% had the more severe form (PMDD). The most common mood symptom was fatigue (72.6%) and the most common physical symptom was abdominal pain (62.7%). Survey study, 2014 Which stomach and digestive symptoms occur around the time of menstruation? Most healthy women get stomach symptoms before or during their period, especially stomach pain and diarrhea. Women who have mood symptoms like depression or anxiety are more likely to have multiple stomach symptoms. Survey study, 2013 How common is PMS in young and middle-aged women and how many receive treatment? PMS affects most women regularly or occasionally across age groups. Most women experience symptoms like back pain, leg cramps, and fatigue, but only one-third receive treatment. Survey study, 2013 How common are premenstrual disorders in adolescent girls? About 99.5% of adolescent girls reported at least one premenstrual symptom, and 59% met the criteria for PMDD. This is based on a survey in Iran. Survey study, 2013 Does how symptoms change during a week affect how accurately women remember them? Yes. When symptoms were increasing or decreasing during the week, women's memories were less accurate than when symptoms stayed stable. Survey study, 2011 How common is PMS and how much does it affect daily life? Very common, affecting 81.25% of women, with significant impacts on work, school, mood, and physical symptoms like pain and fatigue. Case-control study, 2010 Do women with severe PMS sleep worse and have trouble staying alert? Women with severe PMS report more sleepiness and fatigue and perform worse on attention tasks during the premenstrual phase. However, their ability to stay awake under drowsy conditions is normal. Non-randomised trial, 2006 Does aspirin prevent premenstrual symptom worsening in women with multiple sclerosis? In this small case series of 3 women with MS, aspirin appeared to prevent menstrual cycle-related symptom worsening. However, the study is very small and can only suggest this needs further testing. Cohort study, 2005 How common is PMS and how severe is it in young college women? More than half of college women (53%) met PMS diagnostic criteria, with 31.7% having severe symptoms. About 18% met criteria for PMDD, the most severe form. This is a high prevalence, though the study used convenience sampling in one country. Survey study, 2005 What are the main symptoms and impacts of severe period pain in teenage girls? The most common symptoms are cramps, tiredness, backache, swollen belly, and tender breasts. Teenagers with worse symptoms miss more school and take more painkillers. Survey study, 2002 How common is premenstrual dysphoric disorder among women in Morocco? About half of 618 women interviewed in Casablanca met criteria for PMDD, with the most common symptoms being appetite changes, depressed mood, and emotional instability. Survey study, 2001 How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? A clear connection was found between how women view menstruation and their premenstrual symptoms. Women who saw menstruation as weakening them physically and emotionally experienced more premenstrual symptoms. Non-randomised trial, 2000 Does Vitex agnus castus (chasteberry) extract reduce PMS symptoms? Vitex extract reduced PMS symptoms by 42.5% during treatment, with 47% of women experiencing at least 50% improvement. Without a control group, we cannot be certain improvement was from the herb versus placebo or natural improvement. Survey study, 1999 Do women's voices change before their period? Yes. About one in three women experience voice problems starting 4-5 days before their period. When 97 women with this problem were given vitamins, blood flow medicines, and anti-swelling drugs, 84 improved. Survey study, 1997 Does how well runners breathe and perform change during the menstrual cycle? Yes. Women had higher breathing rates, needed more oxygen, and were less efficient at running during the mid-luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase. Survey study, 1997 How do doctors treat mood and energy problems linked to the menstrual cycle? Low mood and low energy linked to the cycle usually occur just before the period. Women with and without these symptoms have similar hormone levels. The difference is how the brain responds. Most women improve with antidepressants (usually SSRIs) and discussing stressful situations. Non-randomised trial, 1996 Does fluvoxamine help premenstrual dysphoric disorder? In this open-label study, fluvoxamine at 100 mg per day improved PMDD symptoms in 60% of women, with the biggest improvements in irritability, anxiety, and feeling out of control. Side effects were mostly mild and temporary. Interview study, 1996 Do antidepressants help treat PMDD and similar conditions? The evidence suggests antidepressants probably help, but the research quality is too varied to be certain. Better studies are needed. Survey study, 1992 How should doctors diagnose premenstrual syndrome? PMS diagnosis should include mood symptoms like irritability, anxiety, depression, or fatigue, along with a physical symptom like bloating or breast tenderness. Doctors need to ask women about symptoms every day for a full cycle, not rely on blood tests or personality assessments. Case report, 1991 How are depression, chronic fatigue, and PMS related and treated? Depression, chronic fatigue, and PMS often happen together in women seeking treatment. Doctors can diagnose these conditions by tracking symptoms for two menstrual cycles and doing exams and tests. Treatment with diet, hormones, or antidepressants can help many women. Case-control study, 1989 Does eating carbohydrates help depression during the late luteal phase in women with severe PMS? Yes. Women with severe PMS significantly increased their calorie and carbohydrate intake during the late luteal phase, and a carbohydrate-rich meal improved their depression and mood symptoms during this time, but not during other cycle phases or in control women. Randomised trial, 1987 Does danazol help premenstrual tension symptoms? Danazol may help some symptoms better than placebo, particularly breast pain, lethargy, anxiety and increased appetite by the third month. However, 13 of 40 women dropped out during the study, mostly because they felt the treatment was not helping. Non-randomised trial, 1983 Do drugs that block prostaglandins help PMS? This paper proposes that prostaglandin-blocking drugs might help PMS based on a theory, but it does not present results from a clinical trial. Survey study, 1982 Are premenstrual and menstrual symptoms separate problems or part of one larger problem? They appear to be part of one larger problem. Although some symptoms are worse before your period and others during it, the symptoms largely overlap. Show more studies Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗