Survey study, 2022
Are actions to reduce exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with severe PMS?
Yes, women who took actions to minimize exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals were more likely to have severe PMS. However, this study cannot show whether the actions cause PMS; health-conscious women may simply be more aware of symptoms.
What they did
Online survey of 520 female college students in Hong Kong and Korea. The survey asked about knowledge of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, efforts to reduce exposure, stress, menstrual flow, weight, and PMS severity.
What they found
54.6% of participants had severe PMS. Severe PMS was more common in women with heavy menstrual flow, those who were underweight or obese, those with relationship stress, and those taking actions to minimize chemical exposure.
What it means for you
Women concerned about endocrine-disrupting chemicals may notice or report PMS symptoms differently. The study shows an association but does not prove these actions cause PMS. Results are limited to college students in two East Asian countries and cannot be applied to other populations.
54.6%
had severe PMS
520
participants
2 countries
Hong Kong and Korea
About the study
- Original title
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Premenstrual Syndrome in Female College Students in East Asia: A Multi-Country Study
- Authors
- Park J, Lee JJ, Park S et al.
- Journal
- International journal of women's health
- Year
- 2022
- Study design
- Survey study
- Participants
- 520
- What was tested
- None
- Open access
- Yes
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s349172
Topics
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