Cohort study, 2022
Do women with diabetes have a higher risk of developing PMS?
Yes. Women with diabetes are 1.683 times as likely to develop PMS as women without diabetes.
What they did
Researchers looked at health records from Taiwan's national insurance database for women aged 20-50 with diabetes and compared them to similar women without diabetes of the same age. They tracked who developed PMS after being diagnosed with diabetes.
What they found
Women with diabetes had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.683 (95% confidence interval: 1.104-2.124), meaning they were 1.683 times as likely to develop PMS compared to women without diabetes. This difference was highly statistically significant (p<0.001).
What it means for you
Problems with blood sugar control may contribute to developing PMS. Women with diabetes and their doctors should watch for PMS symptoms. The main limit is that this was an observational study, so it does not prove that diabetes causes PMS, only that they are linked.
1.683
times the risk of PMS with diabetes
1.104-2.124
95% confidence interval
<0.001
p-value (highly significant)
About the study
- Original title
- Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome
- Authors
- Huang YM, Chien WC, Cheng CG et al.
- Journal
- Life (Basel, Switzerland)
- Year
- 2022
- Study design
- Cohort study
- What was tested
- None - this was an observational study comparing women with and without diabetes
- Open access
- Yes
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.3390/life12060777
Original abstract
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by hormone and autonomic imbalance. In our study, hyperglycemia-induced insulin secretion increased progesterone secretion and progressive autonomic imbalance. The young patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) revealed hypo-parasympathetic function and hypersympathetic function compared with nondiabetic controls. Young female patients with DM with higher blood sugar and autonomic malfunction may be associated with PMS. However, there is a lack of evidence about DM in females related to PMS. We evaluated female patients with DM who subsequently followed PMS in a retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrieved data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Female patients with DM between 20 and 50 years old were assessed by the International Classification of Disease, 9 Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease code of 250. Patients who were DM-free females were fourfold matched to the control group by age and disease index date. The ICD-9-CM disease code of 625.4 identified the incidence of PMS followed by the index date as events. The possible risk factors associated with PMS were detected with a Cox proportional regression. Results: DM was a significant risk factor for PMS incidence with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.683 (95% confidence interval: 1.104−2.124, p < 0.001) in females after adjusting for age, other comorbidities, season, urbanization status of patients and the hospital status of visiting. Conclusions: This study noted an association between DM and PMS in female patients. Healthcare providers and female patients with DM must be aware of possible complications of PMS, aggressive glycemic control, decreased hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction to prevent this bothersome disorder.
Reproduced under CC-BY.