Could taking a combination of vitamins and minerals help with PMS and PMDD symptoms?

Abstract Micronutrient deficiency remains a pervasive but underappreciated driver of chronic disease, even in populations with adequate calorie intake. Epidemiological data show that low or marginal intakes of vitamin D, folate, iron, zinc, magnesium, and other key micronutrients are common worldwide and are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurocognitive decline, mood and anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances, immune dysregulation, and impaired reproductive health. Beyond classical deficiency syndromes, subtle but persistent insufficiency disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics, antioxidant defenses, and neuro–endocrine–immune communication, creating a biochemical milieu that accelerates inflammatory and oxidative aging. In this context, the present work develops a systems-level framework for understanding how a defined set of 13 vitamins (A, D₃, E, K₁, C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂, biotin, pantothenic acid) and 7 minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium) can be organized into an integrated “Keyora Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Matrix.” This matrix is mapped onto three interconnected mechanistic axes: a Metabolic–Mitochondrial Axis that sustains ATP generation, substrate utilization, insulin sensitivity, and physical and cognitive performance; an Antioxidant–Redox Axis that coordinates enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, preserving vascular, neural, dermal, and genomic integrity; and a Neuro–Endocrine–Immune Axis that couples neurotransmitter balance, HPA/HPG-axis regulation, and immune competence. Across these axes, the paper synthesizes physiological and clinical evidence linking micronutrient patterns to disease-specific pathways in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive decline and fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), menopausal symptoms and infertility, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and musculoskeletal degeneration, immune vulnerability, and skin and hair aging. Rather than treating vitamins and minerals as isolated agents, the Keyora Matrix is positioned as a coherent biochemical architecture in which nutrient clusters (e.g., B-complex plus magnesium and iron/copper; vitamin C–vitamin E–selenium–zinc; folate/B₁₂/B₆ plus vitamin D₃ and magnesium) act on shared pathways. By articulating this tri-axis model, the paper addresses a key gap between reductionist micronutrient research and the complex clinical reality of multimorbidity. It proposes a translational scaffold for designing and evaluating multi-nutrient formulations as foundational adjuncts in metabolic medicine, cardiovascular prevention, nutritional psychiatry, reproductive endocrinology, dermatology, and healthy aging. The framework is intended to guide both future mechanism-based clinical trials and precision nutrition strategies that move from simple deficiency correction toward systemic nutritional optimization and restoration of biochemical coherence.

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