Randomised trial, 1988
Do hormones respond differently in women with PMDD?
Two hormones (AVP and OT) increased similarly after an injection in women with and without PMDD, with no difference between groups or across menstrual cycle phases. This is a very small preliminary study.
What they did
Researchers gave women with PMDD and control women an injection of CCK-4 and measured their levels of two hormones (AVP and OT) during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
What they found
Both hormones increased after the injection similarly in women with PMDD and controls. The menstrual cycle phase did not affect the hormone response.
What it means for you
Hormones responded the same way in women with and without PMDD. The hormones may play a role in anxiety responses. Findings are preliminary because the sample size is extremely small.
4
total women studied
About the study
- Original title
- A double‐blind trial of evening primrose oil in the premenstrual syndrome: Nervous symptom subgroup
- Authors
- Kay Callender, Molly McGregor, P F Kirk et al.
- Journal
- Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental
- Year
- 1988
- Study design
- Randomised trial
- Participants
- 12
- What was tested
- Injection of CCK-4
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.1002/hup.470030110
Topics
Related studies
Randomised trial, 2026
Does Kundalini Reiki help reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life?
Systematic review, 2026
Does vitamin D supplementation help PMS symptoms?
Systematic review, 2026
Do mindfulness and relaxation techniques help with PMS symptoms?
Cohort study, 2025
Do women with PMS or PMDD report lower quality of life than women without these conditions?
Cohort study, 2025
How common is PMS in Chinese teenage girls, and what factors are linked to it?
Randomised trial, 2024
Does curcumin reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea?