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Cohort study, 2022

How common is PMS in working women and what factors increase the risk?

PMS developed in 7% of Korean working women over 8 years. Women who were very young (15-19), manual workers, had anemia, or were underweight had significantly higher risk.

Strong study design 121,024 female workers in Korea

What they did

Researchers followed 121,024 female workers in Korea for 8 years (2007-2015) using health insurance records. They tracked which women were diagnosed with PMS based on medical visits and compared risk factors between groups.

What they found

Overall PMS incidence was 7.0%. Women aged 15-19 had 2.81 times higher risk than older women. Manual workers had 1.06 times higher risk, those with anemia had 1.13 times higher risk, and underweight women had 1.21 times higher risk. The annual incidence increased by approximately 1% per year over the 8-year period.

What it means for you

PMS is fairly common in working women. Being very young, doing manual work, having anemia, or being underweight all increase risk. The study is large and population-based, but findings are from Korea and may differ in other countries.

7.0%

Overall PMS incidence rate

2.81

Age 15-19 hazard ratio (2.35-3.36)

1.21

Underweight hazard ratio (1.10-1.25)

About the study

Original title
Premenstrual syndrome incidence rate and risk factors among the working population in the Republic of Korea: a prospective cohort study
Authors
Lee W, Lee S, Ahn J et al.
Journal
BMC women's health
Year
2022
Study design
Cohort study
Participants
121,024
What was tested
None
Open access
Yes
Original abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the most common disease of the genitourinary tract in women. Although a sizeable proportion of women have symptoms or diagnosed PMS, its etiology remains unclear. The purpose of this cohort is to offer incidence and relevant risk factors of PMS among reproductive-aged Korean female workers. Methods: Cohort data used were from the National Health Insurance Service-Female Employees (from 2007 to 2015) conducted by the NHIS. A total of 121,024 female workers were analyzed to estimate the incidence and hazard ratio of PMS. PMS data was based on information obtained from medical facility visits during an eight-year follow-up. Results: The incidence of PMS was 7.0% during follow-up periods. In industrial classification, human health and social work activities have the highest incidence (9.0%) of PMS. Cumulative incidence of PMS has continuously increased by approximately 1% annually for eight years. Adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was significantly higher in the 15-19 years old age group (2.81, 95%CI 2.35-3.36), manual worker (1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.12), with anemia (1.13, 95%CI 1.06-1.20), and underweight (1.21, 95%CI 1.10-1.25) compared to those in the reference group. Conclusion: This study describes the PMS status with trend and risk factors using follow-up design among women under a middle-aged working population. Further study is warranted for better understanding on the risk factors of PMS for reproductive-aged female workers.

Reproduced under CC-BY.

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