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Study, 2023

How does menstruation affect different areas of women's lives?

Menstruation affects mental health, education, money, and culture, and the challenges are worse for some women depending on race and economic status.

Early or limited evidence Women and girls in the USA

What they did

This review examined how menstruation relates to psychology, education, money, and religion in the United States.

What they found

Stress makes menstrual problems worse and menstrual problems affect mental health. Education about menstruation varies widely depending on where women live. Menstrual products cost money and are hard to access for people experiencing homelessness, incarceration, or poverty. Black women have worse outcomes than White women when dealing with fibroids and endometriosis. Religious beliefs create stigma around menstruation. Some states now require schools to provide free menstrual products.

What it means for you

Menstruation affects all women, but some face bigger barriers based on money, race, and where they live. Better education, policies, and resources can help.

About the study

Original title
Menstruation in the USA
Authors
Ramaiyer M, Lulseged B, Michel R et al.
Journal
Current epidemiology reports
Year
2023
Study design
Study
What was tested
None (this is a review of existing information)
Open access
Yes

Topics