Survey study, 2026
What life and job situations increase the risk of PMDD and moderate-to-severe PMS in working women?
Younger age, non-permanent jobs, working 60 or more hours weekly, small company employment, having children, and lower education all increase risk. Manufacturing jobs reduce risk.
What they did
908 Japanese working women aged 20-44 answered online surveys about their age, job type, work hours, company size, family situation, education, and PMS or PMDD symptoms.
What they found
13.66% had PMDD and 30.51% had moderate-to-severe PMS. Higher risk was associated with younger age, non-regular employment, working 60 or more hours weekly, small companies, presence of children, and lower education. Manufacturing jobs were associated with lower risk.
What it means for you
Work and life circumstances significantly affect PMS and PMDD risk. The study was conducted only in Japan and only included women who could respond to online surveys, so results may not apply in other countries or to less digitally connected populations.
13.66%
had PMDD
30.51%
had moderate-to-severe PMS
908
participants
About the study
- Original title
- Sociodemographic and occupational risk factors for premenstrual mood disorders among female workers
- Authors
- Shimoda M, Kurosawa T, Takizawa R
- Journal
- Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica
- Year
- 2026
- Study design
- Survey study
- Participants
- 908
- What was tested
- None - observational survey.
- Open access
- Yes
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70121
Topics
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